醫學影像學總論52809

醫學影像學總論醫學影像學總論52809MedicalImaging

醫學影像學●WilhelmConradRoentgen,X-ray,1895●DiagnosticRadiology放射診斷

ConventionalX-rayimagingX-raycomputedtomography,CTDigitalsubtractionangiography●DiagnosticImaging影像診斷

Incl.MRI,Ultrasonography,Nuclearimaging●InterventionalRadiology介入放射

醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809I.ConventionalX-RayImaging常規X線X-rays

X線

X-raysareaformofelectromagneticradiationorenergyofextremelyshortwavelength(0.0006~50nm)0.031~0.008nmProductionofX-rayX線的產生

(1)Freeelectrons(2)Highvelocity(3)Suddenstopontarget(1)X-raytube(2)Transformers(3)Console醫學影像學總論52809CharacteristicsofX-Ray

X線的特征Penetration穿透性Fluorescenteffect熒光效應

screencoatedwithasubstance(phosphor)imageamplificationPhotographiceffect感光效應

emulsioncontainingsilverbromide,ionic>metallicIonizationeffect電離效應醫學影像學總論52809FundamentalsofX-RayImagingX線診斷的基礎X-raycharacteristicsDensitiesandthicknessofhumanbodyHighdensityMediumdensityLowdensity醫學影像學總論52809MethodsofExamination

檢查方法●SimpleX-rayexaminationFluoroscopyRadiography

醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809MethodsofExamination

檢查方法●SpecialX-rayexaminationTomographyMammographyOthers醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809MethodsofExamination

檢查方法●ContrastExaminationContrastmediumIntroductionReactions醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809ProperSelectionofExaminations

合理檢查DiagnosispurposeAvoidunnecessaryexpenditure醫學影像學總論52809X-RayDiagnosisandAnalysis

X線診斷和分析ThoroughobservationExactanalysisSiteanddistribution,number,size,shape,density,outline,etc.Theessenceoflesionsdiseases/signsCorrelatedwiththeclinicaldata醫學影像學總論52809ProtectionfromX-Ray

X線防護ShouldnotbeoverlookedUnnecessaryfearshouldnotbebourninmind醫學影像學總論52809II.X-RayComputedTomography

CTHounsfield1969Clinicalapplication1972Nobelprize1979醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809Principle原理Analog/digitalconverterVoxel,digitalmatrixDigital/analogconverterPixel,CTimage醫學影像學總論52809CTEquipment

CT裝置RegularCTScanner,computer,imagingscantime,resolution,functionSpiralCTTubercontinuousrotationTablecontinuousmovingMultiple-slicespiralCTElectronBeamCT醫學影像學總論52809CTimageCT影像Matrix矩陣SpatialresolutionGrayscale灰階DensityresolutionHounsfieldunit(HU)Serialtomographicimages系列斷層醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809CTTechniques

CT技術PlainCTscanContrastenhancementCTHighresolutionCTNewtechniquesRenderingtechniqueEndoscopy醫學影像學總論5280964層CT容積采集volumemultisliceCTacquisition

醫學影像學總論52809Normal3DVRTandMIPofthelung醫學影像學總論52809AnalysisandDiagnosisofCTimagesCT診斷和分析WindowtechnicSerialslicesDensity,CTvalueEnhancementOtherssimilartoconventionalX-rayimages醫學影像學總論52809ValueofCTimaging

CT影像的價值CentralnervoussystemHeadandNeckChestAbdomenMusculoskeletal醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809III.DigitalSubtractionAngiography(DSA)

數字減影血管造影IntroductionDigitalfluorographyADCSubtractionTechniquesIntra-arterialDSAIntravenousDSA醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809ClinicalApplication臨床應用SubstituteregularangiographyInterventionalprocedures醫學影像學總論52809IV.Ultrasonography超聲BriefIntroduction醫學影像學總論52809Tumorofurinarybladder醫學影像學總論52809V.MagneticResonanceImaging(MRI)磁共振成像1930sI.I.Rabi1946Purcell,Bloch1952NobelPrize1971Damadian1973Lauterbur1974mouseimaging1978Mallard,Hutchison,Lauterbur1980CommercialMRscanner醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809Physicalfoundations

物理基礎Longitudinalmagnetization縱向磁化Transversemagnetization橫向磁化Longitudinalrelaxation縱向馳豫Transverserelaxation橫向馳豫Longitudinalrelaxationtime(0>63%),T1Transverserelaxationtime(m>37%),T2醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809PhysicalfoundationsRadiofrequency(RF)pulse射頻脈沖RFsequence射頻序列Repetitiontime(TR)重復時間Echotime(TE)回波時間T1-weightedimagingT1加權像T2-weightedimagingT2加權像PD-weightedimaging質子加權像醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809Magnet磁體PermanentmagnetResistivemagnetSuperconductingmagnet醫學影像學總論52809Coil線圈GradientcoilVolumecoilSurfacecoil醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809CharacteristicsofMRI

磁共振成像的特征Multipleparameters多參數Multipleorientations多方向Flowvoidphenomenon流空現象Protonrelaxationenhancementeffect質子馳豫增強效應Contrastenhancement增強醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809醫學影像學總論52809Techniques技術PulsesequencesFatsuppressionContrastenhancementMR