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developsafebehaviorsandreduceinjuries發揚安全行為和減少傷害的一種管理方法Owner:SISCorporatetrainingIN-TQ-HSE-007-02-2008BehavioralSafetyVisit行為安全觀察LevelStandard-LanguageEnglish2Introduction前言DISCLAIMERTheinformationcontainedinthisdocumenthasbeenpreparedbyL’AirLiquideS.A.and/oritscontrolledsubsidiaries(“AirLiquide”),exclusivelyfortheiruse,andisAirLiquideproperty.AirLiquidebelievestheinformationiscurrentandaccurate,butcircumstancesmaywarrantadditionalrequirementsorprocedures.Thisdocumentissubjecttoperiodicreviewandusersarecautionedtoobtainthelatestedition.AirLiquidemakesnorepresentationsorwarrantiestothirdpartiesastothequality,accuracyorcompletenessofinformationcontainedinthisdocumentandEXPRESSLYDISCLAIMSALLWARRANTIES,INCLUDING,BUTNOTLIMITEDTO,THEWARRANTYOFMERCHANTABILITYANDTHEWARRANTYOFFITNESSFORAPARTICULARPURPOSE.NopartofthisdocumentmaybecopiedorotherwiseshownordisclosedtothirdpartieswithoutthepriorconsentofAirLiquide.UnauthorizeduseofthisdocumentbyanythirdParty,includingAirLiquidecontractorsandsubcontractors,shallbeatsuchParty’sownrisk,andAirLiquideassumesnoliabilityinconnectionwithinformationcontainedherein.AirLiquidedisclaimsanyliabilityforanydamagesufferedbyanycompanyorpersonasaresultoforinconnectionwiththeuse,applicationorimplementationoftheinformationcontainedhereinoranypartthereof.ThebenefitofthisdisclaimershallinuretoAirLiquideanditsaffiliates.Thisdocumentshouldnotbeconfusedwithfederal,state,provincial,ormunicipalspecificationsorregulations,insurancerequirementsornationalsafetycodes.Objectives目標ItsaimistoreducethenumberofaccidentsandincidentslinkedtounsafebehaviorthroughtheimplementationofaBehavioralSafetyVisit.通過行為安全觀察的執行，減少由不安全行為導致的事故和事件。AttheconclusionofthetrainingthetraineesshallknowandunderstandthemethodandprinciplestoconductaBehavioralSafetyVisit.培訓完成時，培訓者應了解并理解進行行為安全觀察的方法和原則。Purpose目的ThistrainingpackageisintendedforFacilityManagers,IndustrialManagers,HSEManagersandManagingDirectors.此培訓適用于裝置經理，工業經理，HSE經理和管理層總監。Aftertranslationintothelanguageofthecountryandcustomizationtothelocalconditions,itcanbeusedbytheSubsidiaryrelevanttrainerstotrainthepersonnel.被翻譯成當地語言并專用于當地條件后，可供下包商相關培訓人員使用對其人員進行培訓3TheBehavioralSafetyVisit:SessionObjectives

行為安全觀察：培訓目標ScopeofaBSV行為安全觀察范圍WhyimplementaBSV?為什么要執行行為安全觀察？HowtoimplementaBSV?如何執行行為安全觀察？Howtoengageinadialog?如何進行對話？Howtoobtaincommitmentonaction?如何在行動中獲得許諾？WhoperformsaBSV?誰來執行行為安全觀察？WhentoperformaBSV?什么時候進行行為安全觀察？Practice:realexercise實踐：真實演習4MostLostTimeAccidentshavea?

behavioral

?cause

大多數損時事故都有一個行為原因ALGroupdata2005液空集團2005年數據Behavioroftheinjuredperson受傷人員的行為Behaviorofthemanagement/organization管理/組織行為Impactsthebehavioroftheinjuredemployee影響受傷員工的行為Cancreateunsafeconditions可以導致不安全條件5Variousresponsestoanunsafebehavior

對不安全行為的各種反應1/Ican’tdoitright!我做得不對！2/Idon’tknowhowtodoitright!我不知道怎么做是對的！3/Idon’twanttodoitright!我不想做對！6TheBehavioralSafetyVisit行為安全觀察It’sanaccidentpreventiontool一個事故預防工具thataimsatdetectingandeliminatingpotentialcausesofaccidentsafterobservation,discussionandagreementwiththeworker

其目標是在觀察、討論并與員工達成一致后，探測和排除事故潛在原因

7BenefitofaBSV:reducethenumberofaccidents

行為安全觀察：減少事故數量Incidents,nearmisses,differences,unsafebehavior,etc.事件，幸免事件，異常，不安全行為等。Accidents事故BSV+AnomalyHunt行為安全觀察+異常發現8Basedonobservinganemployeeperformingatask基于觀察員工執行作業Basedonanopenface-to-facediscussion基于一個公開的面對面討論Concludedbydecisionsmutuallyagreedupon對互相討論的結果意見一致

WhatcharacterizesaBSV?行為安全觀察有什么特征？Itisfocusedonpeople它關注于人Itisa“Managingact”它是一種管理行動Itismorethanananomalyhuntvisit!它勝過一次尋異常觀察9WhoarethekeyactorsinaBSV?

誰是行為安全觀察的核心要素？TheObserver:觀察員Thedirectsupervisor,hismanager…直接主管，他的經理(N+1andN+2)TheObservee:接受觀察者theoperatorortechnicianperforminghisjob正在執行工作的操作員或技術員Thesupervisorknowsthepeople,thetaskstheyperform,theworkinstructions主管了解作業人員和他們執行的工作，以及作業指導書Themanageristhepersonwhocanmakeimmediatedecisions,reinforcestheapproachthroughhisengagement經理能立即做出決定，通過他的承諾鞏固這種途徑TheHSEmanager/coordinatorcanhelp.HSE經理/協調員可以幫助執行*。10TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Preparethe

scope準備活動Observe觀察ObtainCommitment獲得許諾Setprioritiesandprepareactionplan設置優先整改項和準備行動計劃Follow-uponactionPlan追蹤行動計劃Listenanddialog傾聽和對話

11TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Todetermineyourtarget確定觀察目標Youplanwhoyouintendtovisit計劃你打算觀察的對象Youlistwhatyouwanttosee列出你想要看什么Youmakesureyouknowtheproceduresoftheworkplace確信你了解作業場所的程序Yousettheduration(between15and20minutes)設定時限（15到20分鐘）Youmakeanappointment安排預約

Preparethescope準備活動12TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Observe觀察Sixareasofobservation:6個觀察范圍Operator’sreactions接受觀察者的反應Operator’sactionsandpositions接受觀察者的動作和位置Rulesandprocedures規則和程序Protectiveequipment防護設備Toolsandequipment工具和設備Workstationorderandcleanliness工作場所整齊、清潔狀態13TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Alwaysaskyourselftwoquestions:總是要問自己兩個問題：Whatcouldhappenif…(theunexpectedoccurs)?如果……會發生什么（意想不到的情況）？Howcouldwedoitinasafermanner?

如何用更安全的方式做這件事情？Observe觀察14TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Approachtheemployeeandengageadialog:接近觀察者并獲得對話：Saywhatyouhaveseen說你看到了什么Mentioneverythingthatispositiveandthegoodpracticesyouhaveobserved提及你觀察到的積極和良好實踐的每件事情Listenanddialog傾聽和對話15TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Discusswiththeoperator:與操作人員討論Useopenquestions:使用開放性問題：Howcouldwedothissafer?我們怎樣更安全地操作？Whataretherisksindoingso?這樣做有什么風險？Howcanweavoid….?我們怎樣避免……？Listenanddialog傾聽和對話16Obtaincommitment獲得許諾TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Donotadoptanattitudeofconfrontation不要采用對質的態度Avoidpeoplegatheringaround避免人在周圍聚集Don'tstrayfromthesubject不要偏離主題Don'tletthepersonchangethesubject不要讓人們改變主題17ObtainCommitment獲得許諾TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Gettheobserveetosupportthemodificationstobemade!Orevenbetter:gethimtosuggestthem!使接受觀察者支持提出的改進意見，讓他提出意見更好Youmustworktogetherlikemembersofthesameteamwiththecommonobjectiveofimprovingsafety你必須像和接受觀察者同一個團隊的人一樣和他一起工作，進而實現改進安全的目標。

Summarizethe3-4mainideasfor improvingsafety總結3到4點對于改進安全的主要意見Implementsomeimmediately立即執行一些改進意見Closethevisit結束觀察18TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Don’tforget!不要忘記！Thanktheemployeeforhistime感謝員工Thanktheemployeeforthediscussionofideas感謝員工對意見的討論Ensurehimthatactionstakenwillbefollowedthrough確保他能夠執行行動措施ClosingBSV關閉行為安全觀察19TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟112142332NormalHighMediumDifficultytoimplement執行難度EasyLowDifficult3369960Impactonsafetyimprovement對改進安全的影響SetprioritiesandPrepareanactionplan設置優先整改項和行動計劃20TheBehavioralSafetyVisitprocess行為安全觀察步驟Follow-uponActionsplan追蹤行動計劃Actionsplanisendorsedbymanagementandthepeopleresponsibleforactions管理人員和行動負責人簽署行動計劃Actionsplanisposted張貼行動計劃Actionsplanisregularlyupdated;Percentageofcompletionistracked定期修改行動計劃，追蹤完成百分比Effectivenessischeckedandensured檢查和確認效力Progressiscommunicated(andcelebrated)!溝通進展（表示祝賀）21AGoodBehavioralSafetyVisitis:

一個良好的行為安全觀察是：Focusedonpeople關注于人1or2positivepointsasaminimum至少1或2個積極意見Afewpointstoimproveorchange幾個改進或提高意見100%dialogue百分之百對話80%immediateaction80%當場行動22Itisnotthe?

miracle

?solution

他并不是奇跡的解決方案

Itiscomplementarytoothersafetymanagementtools(meetings,trainings,audits,…)

它是對其他安全管理工具（會議，培訓，審計）的補充

Itrequires100%engagementandbelief,goodinterpersonal&communicationskills

它需要百分白的許諾和信任，良好的人與人之間的溝通技巧TheB