目錄課標知識圖譜高頻考點精研專題十二主從復合句考點1狀語從句考點2賓語從句考點3定語從句考點突破課標知識圖譜1

高頻考點精研2

狀語從句在主從復合句中，作狀語的從句叫作狀語從句。狀語從句可以修飾主

句中的謂語動詞或整個謂語部分。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導，可以分為時

間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、結果狀語從

句、地點狀語從句等。（比較狀語從句和方式狀語從句初中階段不涉及）一、時間狀語從句從屬連詞說明示例when“當……的時候”引導時間狀語從句，

可用于主句的動作和

從句的動作同時發

生，也可用于從句動

作先于主句動作發生I

wasn’t

in

when

you

called.你打電話

時我不在家。When

I

got

home，my

sister

was

doing

her

homework.我到家時，我妹

妹在做作業。I

was

doing

my

homework

when

my

mother

was

cooking.媽媽做飯時，我

在寫作業。從屬連詞說明示例when“當……的時候”引導時間狀語從句，

既可以用延續性動

詞，也可以用非延續

性動詞I

wasn’t

in

when

you

called.你打電話

時我不在家。When

I

got

home，my

sister

was

doing

her

homework.我到家時，我妹

妹在做作業。I

was

doing

my

homework

when

my

mother

was

cooking.媽媽做飯時，我

在寫作業。從屬連詞說明示例while“當……的時候；在……期間”常用延續性動詞或表示狀態的動詞作謂語While

he

was

washing

the

car，Jenny

was

cooking

the

dinner.當他在洗車的

時候，珍妮在做晚飯。as“隨著/當……時”as引導時間狀語從句時可以表達“正當，一邊……邊……，隨著”等意思He

sat

watching

her

as

she

got

ready.

他一直坐著看她準備妥當。As

time

goes

by，he

is

getting

stronger

and

stronger.隨著時間的推移，他變

得越來越強壯了。從屬連詞說明示例before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”引導時間狀語從句，表示先于（晚于）主句動作I

will

always

work

hard

before

I

enter

Peking

University.在我考入北京大學

之前我將一直努力。She

showed

me

many

beautiful

stamps

after

I

got

to

her

home.我到達她家以

后，她給我看了很多漂亮的郵票。從屬連詞說明示例until/till“直到……為

止”（常可換用，但till不用于句首）主句謂語動詞是延續性動詞時，主句用肯定形式，表示這一動作或狀態一直持續到until/till引導的從句的動作發生為止I’ll

wait

for

you

until/till

you

come

to

see

me.我會一直等到你來看我。從屬連詞說明示例until/till“直到……為

止”（常可換用，但till不用于句首）主句的謂語動詞是非延續

性動詞時，主句用否定形

式，表示主句的動作直到

until引導的從句的動作發

生才發生，構成

not...until...結構I

didn’t

go

to

bed

until

I

finished

my

homework.直到做完作業，

我才去睡覺。從屬連詞說明示例since“自…

…以來”主句用現在完成時，從句

用一般過去時I

have

worked

in

this

company

since

I

graduated

from

Peking

University.從北京大學畢業

后，我就在這家公司工作。as

soon

as“一……

就……”表示從句的動作一發生，

主句的動作隨即發生I’ll

ring

you

up

as

soon

as

I

get

to

Beijing.我一到北京就給你

打電話。提醒描述未來事件時，在含有時間狀語從句的主從復合句中，若主句是一般將

來時，從句用一般現在時，即“主將從現”。二、條件狀語從句從屬連詞示例if“如果”I’ll

visit

the

Great

Wall

if

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我將去游覽長城。unless（＝if…not）

“如果不，除非”Unless

he

says

sorry

to

me，I

won’t

talk

to

him.＝If

he

doesn’t

say

sorry

to

me，I

won’t

talk

to

him.他不

給我道歉，我就不理他了。as/so

long

as“只

要”We’ll

go

as

long

as

the

weather

is

good.只要天氣好我

們就去。提醒主句為祈使句、一般將來時或含有情態動詞時，條件狀語從句用一般現在時

表將來。三、原因狀語從句從屬連詞示例because“因為”I

was

late

because

I

missed

the

school

bus.我遲到是因

為我錯過校車了。since“因為，既

然”Since

everyone

is

here，let’s

begin.既然人都到了，我

們開始吧as“由于，鑒于”As

I

had

a

sore

throat，I

kept

silent

in

class.由于咽喉

痛，我上課保持沉默。警示①because“因為”，引導原因狀語從句；so“所以”，連接并列復合句。兩者不

能同時出現在一個句子里，只能用其一。Because

her

parents

died，

she

had

to

make

a

living

by

herself.（√）Her

parents

died，

so

she

had

to

make

a

living

by

herself.（√）Because

her

parents

died，

so

she

had

to

make

a

living

by

herself.（×）②表示原因的語氣由強到弱依次為because

＞

since

＞

as

＞

for（并列連詞）。四、目的狀語從句從屬連詞示例so

that“以便”可轉換

為“to/in

order

to＋動詞

原形”He

must

get

up

early

so

that

he

can

catch

the

early

bus.＝He

gets

up

early

to/in

order

to

catch

the

early

bus.他必須早起，以便趕上早班公共汽車。in

order

that

“為了”可

轉換為“to/in

order

to＋

動詞原形”He

worked

day

and

night

in

order

that

he

could

succeed.＝He

worked

day

and

night

to/in

order

to

succeed.他夜以繼日地工作為的是取得成功。提醒目的狀語從句的謂語中常含有may，might，can，could，will，would等情態動詞。五、結果狀語從句從屬連詞示例so…that“如此……以至

于”（so修飾形容詞）She

is

so

lovely

that

we

all

love

her.她如此可愛，以至于我們都喜歡她。such…that“如此……以

至于”（such修飾名

詞）She

is

such

a

lovely

girl

that

we

all

love

her.她是一

個如此可愛的女孩，以至于我們都喜歡她。

拓展

so…that與such…that的區別She

is

so

honest

a

girl

that

everybody

believes

her.＝She

is

such

an

honest

girl

that

everybody

believes

her.她是個誠實的女孩，每個人都喜歡她。②so…that句型的否定形式可與too…to…或not…enough

to…轉化。My

brother

is

so

young

that

he

can’t

go

to

school.＝My

brother

is

too

young

to

go

to

school.＝My

brother

is

not

old

enough

to

go

to

school.我弟弟太小了，不能去上學。六、讓步狀語從句從屬連詞說明示例although/though

雖然，盡管一般情況下可互換使

用，只是although語氣

較重，大多置于句

首。可以與yet連用，

但不與but連用Although/Though

Mike

didn’t

win

the

race，he

was

still

wearing

a

smile

on

his

face.雖然邁克賽跑沒

有贏，但是他仍然面帶微笑。從屬連詞說明示例even

though/even

if意

為“盡管，即使”表示語氣更強的讓步We’ll

go

on

a

picnic

even

if/even

though

the

weather

is

bad.即使天

氣不好，我們也要去野餐。從屬連詞說明示例wh－ever類引導詞

（whatever，whenever，wherever，

whoever，

however，

whichever）wh－ever引導讓步狀語從句時，常可換成“no

matter＋相應的wh－詞”Whenever

I’m

unhappy，it

is

my

parents

who

cheer

me

up.（＝No

matter

when

I’m

unhappy，it

is

my

parents

who

cheer

me

up.）不

管什么時候我不高興，總是我的

父母使我高興起來。警示although/though“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句；but“但是”，連接并列復合句。兩

者也不能同時出現在一個句子里，只能用其一。但although/though和yet可以同時出

現在一個句子里（此時yet作副詞用）。Although

the

traffic

was

heavy，we

got

to

the

railway

station

on

time.（√）The

traffic

was

heavy，

but

we

got

to

the

railway

station

on

time.（√）Although

the

traffic

was

heavy，

but

we

got

to

the

railway

station

on

time.（×）七、地點狀語從句引導地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有where和wherever。He

lives

where

he

was

born.他住在他出生的地方。

賓語從句在句中起賓語作用的從句叫作賓語從句。賓語從句可以作及物動詞的

賓語，也可以作介詞的賓語。有些形容詞如afraid，sorry，sure，glad，

worried等，在句中作表語時，其后也可以接賓語從句。Sandy

asks

if/whether

orange

can

cheer

her

up.桑迪問橙色是否能使她高興起

來。[九上－Unit

2]I

do

not

know

how

I

should

deal

with

the

problem.我不知道該如何處理這個問

題。[九上－Unit

3]一、賓語從句的連接詞連接詞用法示例that無詞義，只起連接作用，可省略He

said（that）his

brother

was

good

at

swimming.他說他弟弟擅長游泳。what，who，

whom，

whose，which

等連接代詞在從句中作主語、賓

語、定語等Nobody

knows

what

will

happen

in

the

future.沒有人知道未來會發生

什么。連接詞用法示例when，

where，why，

how等連接副詞在從句中作狀語Could

you

tell

me

where

they

live？

你能告訴我他們住在哪里嗎？if/whether意為“是否”，不作

句子成分，但不能省

略He

asked

if/whether

I

could

go

there

with

him.他問我是否能跟他去那

里。易錯點只能用whether的情況①介詞后面的賓語從句只能用whether引導。I’m

interested

in

whether

he

likes

English.我關心的是他是否喜歡英語。②在具有選擇意義，又有or或or

not時，尤其是直接與or

not連用時，往往用

whether。Let

me

know

whether

or

not

he

will

come.讓我知道他是否能來。③在不定式前用whether。He

hasn’t

decided

whether

to

visit

the

old

man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。④賓語從句置于句首時，只能用whether。Whether

it

rains

or

snows，

I

don’t

care.無論是下雨還是下雪，我都不在乎。二、賓語從句的時態含賓語從句的主從復合句，主句、從句謂語動詞的時態呼應應包括以

下三點。1.

如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現在時，一般將來時或祈使句，從句的謂語

動詞可根據需要，選用相應的任何時態。I

don’t

know

when

he

will

come

back.我不知道他將何時回來。He

tells

me

that

his

sister

came

back

yesterday.他告訴我他姐姐昨天回來了。2.

如果主句的謂語動詞是過去時，賓語從句的謂語動詞只可根據需要，選

用過去時態，即一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時或過去完成時的某

一種形式。The

children

didn’t

know

who

he

was.孩子們不知道他是誰。I

thought

that

you

would

be

free

today.我原以為你今天有空的。3.

如果賓語從句所表示的是客觀事實、普遍真理、自然現象或習慣性動作

等，不管主句用什么時態，從句時態都用一般現在時。The

teacher

said

that

the

earth

goes

round

the

sun.老師說地球繞著太陽轉。三、賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序必須是陳述句語序，即主語＋謂語（＋賓語）/主語＋

系動詞＋表語。I

wonder

where

he

lives.我想知道他住在哪里。I

don’t

know

if/whether

he

is

right.我不知道他是否正確。妙記賓語從句是重點，三類引導詞最關鍵；引導詞that很常見，在句中可省略不見，if、whether表是否，通常情況可互換。連接代詞和副詞，陳述語序記心間。主句是現在時態，從句時態不受限；主句是過去時態，時態后退不要亂。四、賓語從句的簡化1.

當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且主句的謂語動詞是hope，

decide，agree等時，從句可以簡化為不定式結構。I

don’t

know

how

I

should

deal

with

the

presents.＝I

don’t

know

how

to

deal

with

the

presents.我不知道該怎么處理這些禮物。2.

當賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，主句的謂語動詞是know，

remember，forget，learn等，且賓語從句由what，who，which，when，

where等引導時，可以把賓語從句簡化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。The

robot

no

longer

knew

when

it

should

cook

breakfast.[九下－Unit

3]＝The

robot

no

longer

knew

when

to

cook

breakfast.機器人不再知道什么時候該做早

餐了。3.

當主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語從句的主語和主

句的間接賓語一致時，賓語從句可以簡化為“疑問詞＋不定式”結構。Can

you

tell

me

how

I

can

get

to

the

bank？＝Can

you

tell

me

how

to

get

to

the

bank？你能告訴我怎樣才能到達銀行嗎？4.

在“及物動詞＋賓語＋賓語補足語”中，若賓語是賓語從句，則通常放

在賓語補足語后，而用形式賓語it代替賓語從句并放在原來的位置上。I

found

it

necessary

that

we

should

build

a

bridge

here.我覺得我們有必要在這

里建一座橋。5.

有時，也可以用“賓語＋賓語補足語”將含賓語從句的復合句轉化為簡

單句。He

found

that

his

flat

was

in

a

complete

mess.＝He

found

his

flat

in

a

complete

mess.[九下－Unit

3]他發現他的公

寓一團糟。五、賓語從句的否定前移賓語從句跟在think，believe，suppose，expect等動詞后，主句時態為

一般現在時，且主句主語是第一人稱（I，we），若賓語從句表示否定意

義，習慣上要將否定前移到主句的謂語動詞前，即：I/We

don’t

think/believe/suppose/expect＋賓語從句，這種情況稱之為“否定前移”；變

反意疑問句時，附加問句要與從句一致。提醒“否定前移”的4個常用詞我認為（think）猜想（suppose）不可相信（believe），我期待著

（expect）你的回答。I

think

you

are

right.我認為你是對的。→I

don’t

think

you

are

right.我認為你是不對的。→I

don’t

think

he

is

clever，

is

he？我認為他不聰明，是嗎？拓展

若主句的主語是第二、三人稱，變否定句時，要在從句上否定；變反意疑問

句時，附加句要與主句一致。They

think

you

are

right.他們認為你是對的。→They

think

you

are

not

right.他們認為你是對的。→They

think

you

are

right，

don’t

they？他們認為你是對的，不是嗎？

定語從句在主從復合句中，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常

放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后，用來進一步說明該名詞或代詞的特征、屬

性、狀態、性質等。定語從句通常由關系代詞（that，who，whom，

which，whose）和關系副詞（when、where、why）引導，這些關系代詞在

從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分，關系副詞作狀語。初高銜接限制性定

語從句對先行詞起修飾、限制作用，是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果

省略，所修飾的先行詞往往不明確，因此前面不用逗號非限制性

定語從句為先行詞提供補充信息，起附加說明作用，即使去掉也不會影

響先行詞的明確性，常用逗號與主句隔開；除用于對具體事物

補充信息外，還可以是針對整個主句內容的說明We

knew

the

scientist

who

had

studied

the

problem.我們知道那個研究過該問

題的科學家。（若把從句去掉，則不知道是哪位科學家）We

knew

the

physical

scientist

Hawking，who

had

studied

the

problem.我們知

道物理學家霍金，他研究過該問題。（若把從句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科

學家）Laura

couldn’t

come

to

our

party，which

was

a

pity.勞拉不能來參加我們的聚

會，這真遺憾。（針對整個主句內容的說明）一、關系代詞的用法關系代詞所作成分指代對象示例that，who，whom（只作賓語）主語，賓語指人I

met

a

man

who/that

speaks

five

languages.我遇到了一個會說五種語言的

人。Mrs.Jones

is

the

person

who/whom

you

should

wait

for.瓊斯太太就是那個你應該

等的人。A

detective

is

someone

who

looks

for

clues

to

something

important.偵探是尋找重要線

索的人。[九上－Unit

8]關系代詞所作成分指代對象示例that，which主語，賓語指物I

like

apples

that/which

are

red.我喜歡紅色的蘋果。whose定語指人/物He’s

a

man

whose

opinion

I

respect.他是我尊重其意見的人。It’s

the

house

whose

door

is

painted

red.這就是那所門涂成紅色的房子。拓展

①在定語從句中，關系代詞who，

which和that作動詞的賓語時，通常可

以省略。The

pen

（that/which）I

bought

yesterday

is

on

the

desk.我昨天買的那支

鋼筆在書桌上。

②關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復數形式應

與先行詞一致。先行詞是單數時，從句的謂語動詞用單數；先行詞是復數時，從

句的謂語動詞用復數。After

school，

she

often

helps

the

students

who

are

not

good

at

Maths.放學后，她經常

幫助不擅長數學的學生。The

student

who

is

standing

at

the

door

is

from

Nanjing.站在門口的那個學

生來自南京。易錯點宜用that不用which的情況①先行詞是all，

little，

much，

any，

everything，

nothing，

something，

anything，none等（不定）代詞且指物或被all、little、much、few、every、

any、no等修飾時。All

the

students

that

are

present

will

take

the

test.所有在場的學生都

要參加考試。②先行詞前有the

last、the

only、the

very、the

right、the

same等詞修飾時。The

only

thing

that

matters

is

to

find

our

way

home.唯一要緊的是找到我們回

家的路。③先行詞是形容詞最高級或被序數詞或最高級修飾時。The

first

job

that

I

found

was

to

be

a

cleaner.我找到的第一份工作是當一名清

潔工。④當先行詞既有人又有物時。We

are

talking

about

the

people

and

the

places

that

we

have

visited

in

a

countryside.我們正在談論在鄉下拜訪過的人和參觀過的地方。⑤當主句是以what（about）、which開頭的疑問句時。Which

is

the

book

that

you

want

to

buy？你想買的是哪一本書？考點突破考點1

狀語從句1.

（2024無錫）Everyone

loves

my

dog

Coffee，

he

often

makes

a

mess

at

home.A.untilB.sinceC.thoughD.whetherC

2.

（2024連云港）

Our

school

life

is

more

interesting

now

we

can

enjoy

ourselves

in

different

clubs.A.becauseB.whetherC.unlessD.although3.

（2024常州）Practice

is

very

important.

You

will

forget

the

new

words

you

often

use

them.A.whenB.unlessC.ifD.untilA

B

4.

（2024無錫惠山省錫中實驗學校一模）What

a

hot

day！Food

will

go

bad

quickly

we

put

it

into

the

fridge.A.beforeB.althoughC.whileD.unless5.

（2024徐州邳州運河中學一模）I

will

do

what

I

can

about

these

problems

all

of

them

are

solved

out.A.wheneverB.as

soon

asC.afterD.untilD

D

6.

（2024揚州廣陵一模）It

has

been

about

two

years

the

young

man

became

a

soldier.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.as7.

（2024南京雨花臺二模）－I

am

nervous

about

the

football

match.

－Take

it

easy.

You

will

get

a

good

result

you

keep

training

hard.A.unlessB.thoughC.asD.beforeC

C

8.

（2024南通海安十三校聯考二模）－It’s

said

that

Beijing

Duck

is

very

delicious.

－Well，

we

are

here，why

not

have

a

try？A.thoughB.unlessC.sinceD.before9.

（2024揚州文津中學二模）If

you

miss

this

chance，it

must

be

years

you

get

another

one.A.sinceB.afterC.untilD.beforeC

D

考點2

賓語從句10.

（2024揚州）Teenagers

don’t

always

understand

their

parents

have

so

many

rules.A.whyB.whichC.whereD.whatA

11.

（2024鎮江）I

know

you’ve

bought

a

book

about

Mars.

I

wonder

?.A.where

can

I

buy

oneB.that

it

cost

thirty－five

yuanC.when

you

will

finish

reading

itD.who

you

will

borrow

one

fromC

12.

（2024常州）－Could

you

tell

me

?？－Sorry，I’ve

never

had

a

home

robot

before.

Why

not

read

the

instructions

first？A.where

can

I

buy

a

home

robotB.where

I

can

buy

a

home

robotC.how

can

I

turn

the

home

robot

onD.how

I

can

turn

the

home

robot

onD

13.

（2024宿遷）－Miss

Song，I

haven’t

decided

?.－I

really

hope

you

will

visit

it.

It’s

a

good

chance

to

learn

about

the

history

of

our

city.A.how

will

I

go

to

Suqian

MuseumB.how

I

will

go

to

Suqian

MuseumC.whether

will

I

go

to

Suqian

MuseumD.whether

I

will

go

to

Suqian

MuseumD

14.

（2024連云港）－John，can

you

tell

me

in

the

future？－I

want

to

be

a

football

player.A.what

will

you

doB.where

will

you

goC.what

you

will

doD.where

you

will

goC

15.

（2024常州新北北郊中學一模）Changzhou

is

a

popular

city

with

a

long

history.

Could

you

tell

me

?？A.where

can

visitors

enjoy

delicious

Changzhou

snacksB.when

I

can

visit

the

Tianning

TempleC.how

will

people

get

to

China

Dinosaur

ParkD.why

was

the

city

also

called

Yanling

in

ancient

timesB

16.

（2024南京鼓樓一模）－Would

you

like

to

enjoy

the

folk

dance

drama

A

Dream

of

Red

Mansions

with

me？－I’d

love

to.

Could

you

please

tell

me

?？A.when

will

the

show

beginB.who

the

dancers

wereC.how

long

the

show

will

lastD.what

the

show

was

likeC

17.

（2024南京市聯合體一模）This

famous

saying

“When

I

walk

along

with

two

others，they

may

serve

me

as

my

teachers.”

tells

us

?.A.how

should

we

behaveB.who

we

can

learn

fromC.why

do

we

need

teachersD.what

we

can

say

in

publicB

18.

（2024南京秦淮一模）－I

want

to

know

?.－Maybe

Kexiang

Alley

is

a

good

place

to

go.A.why

I

can

buy

some

tasty

Nanjing

snacksB.how

can

I

buy

some

tasty

Nanjing

snacksC.when

can

I

buy

some

tasty

Nanjing

snacksD.where

I

can

buy

some

tasty

Nanjing

snacksD

19.

（2024南京鼓樓二模）“We

have

forgotten

how

to

be

good

guests

and

how

to

walk

lightly

on

the

earth

as

other

living

things

do.”

The

sentence

tells

us

?.A.why

should

we

take

care

of

the

earthB.what

we

can

do

to

improve

our

mannersC.whether

we

are

rude

to

other

living

thingsD.that

it

is

important

to

protect

the

environmentD

20.

（2024南京秦淮二模）－Could

you

please

tell

me

?？－You

can

go

there

by

underground.

It’s

very

beautiful.A.where

Jiming

Temple

isB.how

I

can

get

to

Jiming

TempleC.what

I

can

see

in

Jiming

TempleD.how

long

it

takes

to

get

to

Jiming

TempleB

21.

（2024南通海安十三校聯考二模）－If

I

am

curious

about

Haian’s

local

culture，could

you

tell

me

?？－Haian

Museum

would

be

a

wonderful

place.A.where

can

I

travelB.which

place

my

first

choice

isC.how

I

can

go

to

Haian

MuseumD.if

Haian

Museum

would

be

a

wonderful

place

to

visitB

22.

（2024徐州邳州二模）－Mr.

Wu

has

recommended

many

books.

Have

you

decided

?？－Yes.

This

Saturday.A.how

you’d

like

to

borrow

themB.which

you’d

like

to

read

firstC.when

you’d

like

to

buy

themD.where

you’d

like

to

find

themC

23.

（2024徐州三模）James

shows

great

interest

in

space

exploration，so

he

would

like

to

know

?.A.which

foreign

language

he’d

better

learnB.how

he

can

develop

his

creative

thinking

abilityC.when

foldable

smartphones

will

be

common

productsD.what

scientists

have

discovered

on

the

far

side

of

the

moonD

24.

（2023常州）Could

you

tell