高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省臨沂市2024-2025學年高二下學期期中考試英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AScienceLIVE!StudentConferenceEventatDisneylandParisEventdate:6thMarch,2023ShowyourstudentsscienceinactionatourScienceLIVE!Conference.Ahalf-dayconferencewherestudentswillhearfromavarietyofpassionatescientists,combinedwithpracticalstudentactivitiesallwithinthemagicofDisneylandParis.Theeventisaimedat14—16-year-oldstudents.Funandlearninginone!Ourspeakersaresciencecommunicatorspassionateaboutshowinglearnershowscienceworks.Byapplyingtheprinciplestheylearnintheclassroomtotherealworld,learnersgainanappreciationofitsrelevancetotheireverydaylives.TheywillhavetheopportunitytoaskquestionsandgetmoreinsightintoworkinginscienceduringtheinteractiveQ&Asessions.Aspartoftheevent,eachstudentwillreceivetheirownworkbookinadvanceoftheeventforpre-trippreparationaswellasscienceparkchallengestocompletewhileenjoyingtheDisneyParks.

MorningAfternoonEvening5thMorningdepartureforDisneylandParisbycoachOvernightatDisneylandParis6thScienceLIVE!ConferenceFreetimeenjoyingthemagicoftheDisneyParksincludingtheDisneyfireworks7thReturncoachtravelArrivebackatschoolPricesstartfrom￡325perperson.Priceincludes·Returncoachtravel*·2nightsbed&breakfastaccommodationatChateaudeGrandeRomaine·ParkHopperTicket·AttendanceattheScienceLIVE!Conference·Workbookforstudents·GroupTravelInsurance·1:10freeplaceratio(比例)forstaffonatwinroombasis*Pricebasedon40passengers.Trainandflightoptionsavailable.1.Whatcanstudentsdoattheconference?A.Handintheirworkbooks. B.Sharetheireverydaylives.C.Takepartinsciencechallenges. D.Receiveinstructionfromscientists.2.WhenwillstudentstourtheDisneyParks?A.Ontheeveningof7thMarch. B.Onthemorningof6thMarch.C.Ontheafternoonof6thMarch. D.Ontheafternoonof5thMarch.3.Whatisincludedinthepriceof￡325?A.AParkHopperticket. B.Breakfastfortwo.C.Atwinroomforparents. D.Returnflighttravel.【答案】1.D2.C3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹的是在巴黎迪士尼樂園舉行的一個有關科學的學生大會活動的相關信息。【1題詳析】細節理解題。根據Eventdate:6thMarch,2023部分“Ahalf-dayconferencewherestudentswillhearfromavarietyofpassionatescientists(這是一場為期半天的會議，學生們將在這場會議中聆聽多位滿懷熱情的科學家的分享，同時會議還結合了實踐性很強的學生活動，所有這些活動都將在充滿魔力的巴黎迪士尼樂園內進行)”和Funandlearninginone!部分“Ourspeakersaresciencecommunicatorspassionateaboutshowinglearnershowscienceworks.Byapplyingtheprinciplestheylearnintheclassroomtotherealworld,learnersgainanappreciationofitsrelevancetotheireverydaylives.TheywillhavetheopportunitytoaskquestionsandgetmoreinsightintoworkinginscienceduringtheinteractiveQ&Asessions.(我們的演講嘉賓都是科學傳播者，他們熱衷于向學習者展示科學是如何運作的。通過將課堂上學到的原理應用到現實世界中，學習者能夠認識到科學與日常生活的相關性。在互動問答環節中，他們將有機會提出問題，并更深入地了解從事科學工作的相關情況)”可知，學生在這次會議中可以接受科學家的指導。故選D。【2題詳析】細節理解題。根據表格里6th一欄中的“FreetimeenjoyingthemagicoftheDisneyParksincludingtheDisneyfireworks(自由活動時間，盡情享受迪士尼樂園的神奇魅力，包括觀賞迪士尼煙花表演)”可知，學生們在3月6日下午參觀迪斯尼樂園。故選C。【3題詳析】細節理解題。根據Pricesstartfrom￡325perperson.部分“ParkHopperTicket(多園通票)”可知，325英鎊的價格包括一張多園通票。故選A。BForMexicanpoetManuelCuautlewhowasbornin1971,Chinesepoetrypossessestwoqualitiesthatmakeitstandout:naturalnessandsimplicity.FromaveryyoungagehehasmaintainedacloserelationshipwithChineseliterature.AtfirsthewasaneagerreaderandlaterDirectoroftheMexicoCityInternationalPoetryFestival,whichhehasbeenorganizingforadecade.Aspartofthisfestival,Cuautle,authorofninecollectionsofpoemsandthechildren’sbookLaNarizdeManuel(Manuel’sNose),hasinvitedtwoChinesepoetseveryyearfornineyearstopresenttheirworksandgivereadingsinfrontofagroupofMexicans.AmonghisfavoritesareLiuChang,YuJianandLiCheng'en.Therelationshipgrewevencloserin2013,whenhiscollectionofpoemsTheSuicideoftheSnailpublishedinArgentinain2005,wastranslatedintoChinesebyZhangJin,ateacherofclassicalChineseliterature.Thebookcontains18poems.“Idrewaparallel(平行線)betweenhumanlifeandthelifeofsnails,becausetheseanimalsalsohavetheneedtoenjoylife.They’rehereforareason,andIturnthatreasonintopoetry.IthinkmyviewsrelatecloselytoEasternphilosophy,”heexplainedaboutthepoems.Diggingdeeperintothetopicoflanguage,CuautlebelievesthatcontemporarystandardChinesebearsastrongphonetic(語音的)likenesstothelanguagefamiliesfoundinMesoamerica,atermthatreferstoageographicalandculturalareawhichextendsfromcentralMexicodownthroughCentralAmerica.Theirsisakindofbrotherhoodbasedonmusicality.“IfyouspeakneitherstandardChinesenorPurépecha,whichisspokenbyroughly175,000peopleinthenorthwesternregionofMichoacán,Mexico,you’lllikelythinkthey’rethesame.”hesaid.Cuautlewentontosay,“IfwecompareourselveswiththeChinese,werealizetherearemanysimilarities.Wecandrawparallelsbetweenformalities,likearespectforyourseniors,andevenspotsomegastronomic(烹飪學)similarities.Allthesefeaturesareattractivetobothcultures.”4.WhatcanwesayaboutCuautle?A.HeadmiresChineseliteraturedeeply. B.Hefellinlovewithpoemsatafestival.C.Heshowslittleinterestinchildren'sliterature. D.HefinishedManuel’sNosewithtwoChinesepoets.5.WhatdoweknowaboutTheSuicideoftheSnail?A.Itisanewlypublishedpoemseries. B.ItisactuallyagainstEasternphilosophy.C.Itexploreshuman’snegativeimpactonsnails. D.Itisareflectiononsnails,pleasureandlifeitself.6.WhatdoesCuautlethinkofPurépecha?A.Itsusersaremostlywell-educated. B.ItsoundssimilartostandardChinese.C.ItwillsoonbeadoptedinMichoacán. D.Itsphoneticsystemisreallyconfusing.7.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthetext?A.Thegrowingpopularityofpoetryaroundtheworld.B.ThesimilaritiesbetweenMexicansandtheChinese.C.ApoetattheMexicoCityInternationalPoetryFestival.D.AMexicanwordsmith’sexplorationofChineseculture.【答案】4.A5.D6.B7.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了墨西哥詩人庫奧特勒熱愛中國文學，其作品與中國文化相關，還探討了漢語與墨西哥語言的相似性。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段第二句“FromaveryyoungagehehasmaintainedacloserelationshipwithChineseliterature.(從很小的時候起，他就與中國文學保持著密切的關系)”以及第二段“Aspartofthisfestival,Cuautle,authorofninecollectionsofpoemsandthechildren’sbookLaNarizdeManuel(Manuel’sNose),hasinvitedtwoChinesepoetseveryyearfornineyearstopresenttheirworksandgivereadingsinfrontofagroupofMexicans.(作為這個節日的一部分，擁有九部詩集和兒童讀物《曼努埃爾的鼻子》的作者庫奧特勒，九年來每年都邀請兩位中國詩人展示他們的作品，并在一群墨西哥人面前朗誦)”可知，庫奧特勒從小就與中國文學關系密切，還多次邀請中國詩人。由此推知，他深深欽佩中國文學。故選A項。【5題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段第二句“Idrewaparallel(平行線)betweenhumanlifeandthelifeofsnails,becausetheseanimalsalsohavetheneedtoenjoylife.They’rehereforareason,andIturnthatreasonintopoetry.(我在人類生活和蝸牛的生活之間畫了一條平行線，因為這些動物也有享受生活的需要。它們存在是有原因的，我把這個原因寫成了詩歌)”可知，《蝸牛的自殺》是對蝸牛的快樂以及生命本身的一種思考和反映。故選D項。【6題詳析】細節理解題。根據第四段第二句“Diggingdeeperintothetopicoflanguage,CuautlebelievesthatcontemporarystandardChinesebearsastrongphonetic(語音的)likenesstothelanguagefamiliesfoundinMesoamerica,atermthatreferstoageographicalandculturalareawhichextendsfromcentralMexicodownthroughCentralAmerica.(深入研究語言這個話題，庫奧特勒認為，當代標準漢語與中美洲的語系在語音上有很強的相似性，中美洲是一個地理和文化區域，從墨西哥中部一直延伸到中美洲。)”以及第四段最后一句“IfyouspeakneitherstandardChinesenorPurépecha,whichisspokenbyroughly175,000peopleinthenorthwesternregionofMichoacán,Mexico,you'lllikelythinkthey’rethesame.(如果你既不會說標準漢語，也不會說普雷佩查語，而普雷佩查語是墨西哥米卻肯州西北部大約17.5萬人所說的語言，你可能會認為它們是一樣的)”可知，庫奧特勒認為普雷佩查語聽起來與標準漢語相似。故選B項。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了墨西哥詩人曼努埃爾?庫奧特勒對中國文學的熱愛，他的作品與中國文化的聯系，以及他對漢語和墨西哥當地語言相似性的看法等內容，也就是一個墨西哥文字工作者（詩人）對中國文化的探索。故選D項。CThePygmalioneffectwasfirstdiscoveredintheclassroombyRobertRosenthal.Butyoucanfinditseffectseverywhere.Now,wearegoingtostudythePygmalioneffectusingafamousexperimentinthearmydesignedbyProfessorDovEden.Itwasa15-weekarmycoursewhere105soldierswereassignedto4instructors.Afewdaysbeforethestartoftheprogram,eachinstructorreceivedsomefiles,includingthetrainees’psychologicaltestscores,gradesinpreviouscourses,andratingsgivenbypreviouscommanders.Basedontheinformation,researcherspredictedthecommandpotential(CP)ofeachsoldierandthendesignated(指定)eachtraineeashavingeitherahigh,regularorunknownCPscore.Soldiersofall3CPlevelsweredividedequallyamongthe4trainingclasses.It’simportanttoknowthat,atthetime,these4instructorsdidn’tknowthattheCPclassification—theperformancescoreonthelisttheyreceived—wascompletelystochastic.Inotherwords,thesoldierlistedashavingthehighestCPscorecouldverywellbetheworstsoldierinthegroup.After15weeks,the105soldiersweretestedin4differentareas.ItwasfoundthatsoldierswhohadbeenmarkedwithahighCPscoresignificantlyoutperformedtheirclassmatesinall4subjects.ThosewithanaverageCPscoreendedupinthelowest.Thethirdgroup—thosewithanunknownCPscore—endedupinthemiddle.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthebestandtheworstgroupwaseven15percent.Afterdetailedanalysis,itshowedthatthefakeCPscoresexplainedalmostthree-quartersofthevarianceinperformance.Inotherwords,ifasuperiorbelieveshissubordinates(部下)havetheabilitytobegreatperformers,theiractualperformancewillincrease.“Assoonastheinstructorsbelievedthatsomesoldiershadbetterabilitiesthanothers,theystartedmanagingthoseindividualsdifferently.Justimaginethoseinstructorsspendingmoretimewith‘promising’soldiers,stressingsuccesses,showingbestpractices,andteachingthemhowtodealwithstressfulsituations.Allthesekick-startpositiveeffects,”Edensaid.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutDovEden’sexperiment?A.Itwasfirstcarriedoutintheclassroom.B.Itwastestedrepeatedlybyotherresearcherslater.C.Itdividedthesoldiersintothreelevelsinadvance.D.Itobservedthesoldiers’dailyactivitiesbeforehand.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stochastic”inParagraph3mean?A.Orderly. B.Unselected. C.Designed. D.Unsettled.10.WhatdidDovEden’sexperimentfind?A.ThePygmalioneffectplaysalimitedroleinthearmy.B.SoldierswithunknownCPscoresperformedworstin4subjects.C.CPlevelsvariedwiththesoldiers’expectationsoftheirinstructors.D.Higherexpectationsfromleadersimprovetheirsubordinates’performance.11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Thepowerofleadershipinthearmy. B.AninspirationfromthePygmalioneffect.C.ThedevelopmentofthePygmalioneffect. D.ThePygmalioneffectinarmymanagement.【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了多夫?伊登教授在軍隊中進行的一項實驗，以研究皮格馬利翁效應。實驗通過給士兵分配不同的指揮潛力分數，觀察教官對士兵的不同對待以及士兵最終的表現，證明了領導對下屬的高期望能提高下屬的表現。【8題詳析】細節理解題。根第二段“Basedontheinformation,researcherspredictedthecommandpotential(CP)ofeachsoldierandthendesignated(指定)eachtraineeashavingeitherahigh,regularorunknownCPscore.(根據這些信息，研究人員預測了每個士兵的指揮潛力（CP），然后將每個受訓者指定為CP得分高、正常或未知的人。)”可知，實驗提前將士兵分為了三個等級。故選C。【9題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第三段“It’simportanttoknowthat,atthetime,these4instructorsdidn’tknowthattheCPclassification(重要的是要知道，在那個時候，這4位教官并不知道CP分類)”以及劃線詞后文“Inotherwords,thesoldierlistedashavingthehighestCPscorecouldverywellbetheworstsoldierinthegroup.(換句話說，被列為指揮潛力分數最高的士兵很可能是小組中最差的士兵。)可推知，這些分數是隨機分配的，不是經過挑選的。故選B。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第五段“Inotherwords,ifasuperiorbelieveshissubordinates(部下)havetheabilitytobegreatperformers,theiractualperformancewillincrease.(換句話說，如果上級相信他的下屬有能力成為優秀的表現者，他們的實際表現就會提高。)”可推知，領導的期望值越高，下屬的表現就越好。故選D。【11題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“ThePygmalioneffectwasfirstdiscoveredintheclassroombyRobertRosenthal.Butyoucanfinditseffectseverywhere.Now,wearegoingtostudythePygmalioneffectusingafamousexperimentinthearmydesignedbyProfessorDovEden.(皮格馬利翁效應最早是由羅伯特·羅森塔爾在課堂上發現的。但它的影響隨處可見。現在，我們要用多夫·伊登教授在軍隊中設計的一個著名實驗來研究皮格馬利翁效應。)”以及最后一段“Inotherwords,ifasuperiorbelieveshissubordinates(部下)havetheabilitytobegreatperformers,theiractualperformancewillincrease.(換句話說，如果上級相信他的下屬有能力成為優秀的表現者，他們的實際表現就會提高。)”可推知，文章主要講的是皮格馬利翁效應在軍隊管理中的應用。故選D。DByaccident,researchershavephotographedVenus'surfacefromspaceforthefirsttime.Thoughtheplanet'srockybodyishiddenbeneaththethickclouds,telescopesaboardNASA'sParkerSolarProbe(帕克太陽探測器)managedtocapture(捕捉)thefirstvisible-lightimagesofthesurfacetakenfromspace,researchersreportedintheFebruary16GeophysicalResearchLetters.“We'veneveractuallyseenthesurfacethroughthecloudsatthesewavelengthsbefore,”saidLoriGlaze,directorofNASA'sPlanetaryScienceDivision,onFebruary10.ThoughtheParkerSolarProbewasbuilttostudythesun,itmustmakeregularflybysofVenus.Theplanet'sgravitypullstheprobe,tighteningitsorbitandbringingitclosertothesun.ThoseassistsfromVenushelpedthespacecraft(航天器)makeheadlineswhenitbecamethefirstprobetoenterthesun'satmosphere.ItwasduringtwosuchflybysinJuly2020andFebruary2021thattheprobe'sWISPRtelescopescapturedthenewimages.WhileWISPRfoundVenus'daysidetoobrighttoimage,itwasabletorecognizeextensivesurfacefeatures,throughthecloudsonthenightside.Thephotographsshowaplanetissohotthatitlooksmuchlikered-hotiron,saidBrianWood,anastrophysicistattheU.S.NavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,D.C.,andaco-authorofthepaper.“Thepatternofbrightanddarkthatyouseeisbasicallyatemperaturemap,”hesaid—brighterregionsarehotteranddarkerregionsarecooler.Thispatterncorrelateswellwithtopographicmaps(地形圖)previouslyproducedfromradarandinfrared(雷達和紅外線)surveys.Highlandsappeardarkandlowlandsappearbright,Woodsaid.TheimagescameasNASApreparedtolaunchtwomissionstoVenus.“Thenewphotographs”,Woodsaid,“mayhelpintheinterpretationoftheobservationstakeninthefuturefromthesenewmissions.”12.HowdidtheresearchersphotographVenus'surfacefromspace?A.Bydetectingwavelengths. B.Bylookingforthickclouds.C.BytrackingVenus'rockybody. D.ByusingtheParkerSolarProbe.13.Whathelpedthespacecraftenterthesun'satmosphere?A.Venus'gravity. B.Thesun'sassists.C.Itsslowingdown. D.Itsflybysofthesun.14.WhatcanwelearnfromWood'swordsaboutthephotographs?A.Theyweretakenbyinfraredandradar. B.TheyfailtorevealVenus'surfacefeatures.C.Brighterareasrepresenthighertemperatures. D.Darkercolorsmeanlowlandsinthetopography.15.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NASApreparedtofinishtwomissionstoVenusB.ParkerSolarProbehasfurtherexploredVenus'surfaceC.ThesecretsofVenus'surfaceuncoveredbyresearchersD.Thefirstvisible-lightimagesofVenus'surfacetakenfromspace【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.D【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了帕克太陽探測器首次從太空拍攝到金星表面的可見光圖像。【12題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Thoughtheplanet'srockybodyishiddenbeneaththethickclouds,telescopesaboardNASA'sParkerSolarProbe(帕克太陽探測器)managedtocapture(捕捉)thefirstvisible-lightimagesofthesurfacetakenfromspace,researchersreportedintheFebruary16GeophysicalResearchLetters.(研究人員在2月16日的《地球物理研究快報》中報告，盡管這顆行星的巖石表面被厚厚的云層覆蓋，但美國宇航局的帕克太陽探測器上的望遠鏡成功捕捉到了從太空拍攝的金星表面的第一張可見光圖像。)”可知，研究人員是通過帕克太陽探測器拍攝到金星表面的。故選D。【13題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第四段“Theplanet'sgravitypullstheprobe,tighteningitsorbitandbringingitclosertothesun.ThoseassistsfromVenushelpedthespacecraft(航天器)makeheadlineswhenitbecamethefirstprobetoenterthesun'satmosphere.(金星的引力將探測器拉近，使其軌道更緊，從而更接近太陽。正是這些來自金星的助力幫助這艘航天器成為首個進入太陽大氣層的探測器，從而并登上了新聞頭條。)”可知，是金星的引力幫助航天器進入太陽大氣層。故選A。【14題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章倒數第二段““Thepatternofbrightanddarkthatyouseeisbasicallyatemperaturemap,”hesaid—brighterregionsarehotteranddarkerregionsarecooler.Thispatterncorrelateswellwithtopographicmaps(地形圖)previouslyproducedfromradarandinfrared(雷達和紅外線)surveys.Highlandsappeardarkandlowlandsappearbright,Woodsaid(Wood說道：“你看到的明暗模式基本上就是一張溫度圖——較亮區域更熱，較暗區域更冷。這種模式與之前通過雷達和紅外線測量得到的地形圖非常吻合。高地呈現深色，低地呈現亮色。”)”可知，較亮區更熱，因此較亮區域代表較高溫度。故選C。【15題詳析】主旨大意題。根據文章第二段“Thoughtheplanet'srockybodyishiddenbeneaththethickclouds,telescopesaboardNASA'sParkerSolarProbe(帕克太陽探測器)managedtocapture(捕捉)thefirstvisible-lightimagesofthesurfacetakenfromspace,researchersreportedintheFebruary16GeophysicalResearchLetters.(研究人員在2月16日的《地球物理研究快報》中報告，盡管這顆行星的巖石表面被厚厚的云層覆蓋，但美國宇航局的帕克太陽探測器上的望遠鏡成功捕捉到了從太空拍攝的金星表面的第一張可見光圖像。)”以及后文的介紹可知，文章主要介紹了帕克太陽探測器首次從太空拍攝到金星表面的可見光圖像。故D項“從太空拍攝到金星表面的第一張可見光圖像”符合文章標題。故選D。第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ifyou’reahikeroroutdoorperson,youknowhowimportantitcanbetobringasnackwithyouonalongoutdooradventure.____16____Butwhenyou’redonewithyourapple,youcanjustthrowthecoreaway,right?Whileyourbananaskinorapplecorewilldegradewhenexposedtonature,itisnotnecessarilysafefortheenvironmentforyoutodoso.Here’swhy.____17____Ifyou’veeverhadacompostheap(堆肥堆),youknowthatwhenyouthrowsomethinginthecompost,ittakessometimetobiodegradeandturnintorich,darksoil.Compostheapsareoftenthemostidealplacesforthisorganicmattertobreakdown.____18____Next,leavingfoodwastecouldharmwildlife.Ifyouleaveanapplecorenearyourfavoriteoutdooradventurespot,adeermaycomealonganddecidetofinisheatingitforyou.____19____However,feedingwildlifeincreaseshabituation.Ifananimalbecomeshabituatedtofindingapplecoresalongroadsides,forexample,itincreasesthelikelihoodthatitwillbehurtorkilledbypassingtraffic.Ultimately,thebestpracticewhenexperiencingnatureistopackouteverythingthatyoupackin,evenbiodegradablefoodwaste.Humanshavesystemsinplacefordealingwiththequantityoforganicfoodwasteweproduce.____20____A.Thedeermaybehappywiththefind.B.Doremembertobringyourfavoritesnack.C.First,foodwastemightnotdegradequickly.D.Finally,thismightattractagroupofwilddeer.E.Thegroundnearyourfavoritelocalhikingpathisnot.F.Nature,ontheotherhand,mayhaveahardertimedealingwithourwaste.G.Abanana,apple,orsomeothersnackcanmakeallthedifferencetohowfaryoucango.【答案】16.G17.C18.E19.A20.F【語篇解讀】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了為什么不能將果核、果皮等殘渣扔在自然環境中。【16題詳析】根據空前“Ifyou’reahikeroroutdoorperson,youknowhowimportantitcanbetobringasnackwithyouonalongoutdooradventure.(如果你是一個徒步旅行者或戶外愛好者，你知道在漫長的戶外探險中帶零食有多重要)”和空后“Butwhenyou'redonewithyourapple,youcanjustthrowthecoreaway,right?(但當你吃完蘋果后，你可以直接扔掉果核，對吧？)”可知，空前提到了在漫長的戶外探險中帶零食的重要性，空后提出吃完蘋果會將直接扔掉果核，故G項“一個香蕉、蘋果或其他零食可以決定你能走多遠”符合，承接前文，強調戶外活動帶零食的重要性，且引出后文關于仍蘋果核的話題。故選G項。【17題詳析】根據空后“Ifyou’veeverhadacompostheap(堆肥堆),youknowthatwhenyouthrowsomethinginthecompost,ittakessometimetobiodegradeandturnintorich,darksoil.(如果你曾經有過堆肥堆，你知道當你把東西扔進堆肥時，它需要一些時間來生物降解并變成肥沃的土壤)”可知，空后提到將垃圾扔進堆肥，需要花費一些時間來生物降解，故C項“首先，食物殘渣可能不會快速降解”作為本段的主旨句，說明食物降解需要時間。故選C項。【18題詳析】根據空前“Compostheapsareoftenthemostidealplacesforthisorganicmattertobreakdown.(堆肥堆通常是這種有機物質分解的最理想場所)”可知，空前提到堆肥堆是有機物質分解的最理想的場所，故E項“你最喜歡的徒步路徑附近的地面不是”與堆肥形成對比，說明自然環境不適合降解。故選E項。【19題詳析】根據空前“Ifyouleaveanapplecorenearyourfavoriteoutdooradventurespot,adeermaycomealonganddecidetofinisheatingitforyou.(如果你在你喜歡的戶外探險地點附近留下一個蘋果核，一只鹿可能會過來決定幫你吃掉它)”可知，空前提到鹿可能會吃掉你留下的食物殘渣，故A項“鹿可能會對這個發現感到高興”承接前文，并與后文“However,feedingwildlifeincreaseshabituation.(然而，喂養野生動物會增加它們的習慣化)”構成轉折關系。故選A項。【20題詳析】根據空前“Humanshavesystemsinplacefordealingwiththequantityoforganicfoodwasteweproduce.(人類有系統處理我們產生的大量有機食物殘渣)”可知，前文提到人類有處理食物殘渣的系統，故F項“另一方面，自然可能更難處理我們的垃圾”與人類系統形成對比，人類有處理食物殘渣的系統，但自然很難處理我們的垃圾。故選F項。第三部分語言運用(共三節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。In1996,IwasinIndia,teachingbusinessskillstostreetkidsinMumbai.OuradviserwasElaBhatt.IwenttovisitherinAhmedabad.Duringourconversation,Ela____21____howherorganization,theSelf-EmployedWomen'sAssociation(SEWA),providedsmallloanstowomentostartandrunsmallbusinesses.ShesuggestedIgodownstairsandparticipateintheirprogram.Ihad____22____goingdownstairsastheywerelinedwithdozensofwomeninbrightlycoloredsaris(莎麗服)sittingonthestepswaitingpatientlytoeithergettheir____23____orrepaytheirloan.Isatwiththecoordinator(協調者)andtriedtolook____24____.Iwastheonlywhitepersonandoneofaboutfivemenintheplace.We____25____theloansinsmallamountsrangingfrom$50to$100.Thewomen____26____meprofusely(毫不吝惜地)thinkingbecauseIwaswhiteIwasthe____27____ofthemoney.Theywereusingthemoneytobuyfruittosellormakeclothestosellormakemoneysomeotherwaytofeedtheirchildren.Theimportanceofthismoneywas____28____.Elawasa____29____woman,perhaps4feetand9inches,butIfelt_____30_____besideher.Hercontributionwas_____31_____.Sheprovidedthemeansto_____32_____forovertwomillionpoorIndianwomen,andshefoughtfortherightsofmillionsmore.Icameawayfromthis_____33_____onarealhighandfeelinggreattohavemetthis_____34_____woman.Iamnot_____35_____thatshewalkedinthecompanyofothergreathumanitarianssuchasJimmyCarterandNelsonMandela.21.A.doubted B.wondered C.described D.understood22.A.difficulty B.potential C.success D.pleasure23.A.news B.money C.attention D.job24.A.necessary B.critical C.official D.demanding25.A.appliedfor B.gaveout C.livedon D.complainedabout26.A.thanked B.questioned C.supported D.blamed27.A.source B.winner C.borrower D.creator28.A.old-fashioned B.unreasonable C.overestimated D.eye-opening29.A.beautiful B.tiny C.single D.smart30.A.valuable B.uncomfortable C.small D.confident31.A.normal B.hard C.acceptable D.enormous32.A.pressure B.power C.employment D.truth33.A.accident B.experience C.opportunity D.responsibility34.A.wonderful B.simple C.odd D.poor35.A.satisfied B.worried C.convinced D.surprised【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.C25.B26.A27.A28.D29.B30.C31.D32.C33.B34.A35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了作者在印度與ElaBhatt的相遇以及參與SEWA組織活動的經歷。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在交談中，Ela描述了她的組織（SEWA）如何為女性提供小額貸款以創業和經營小生意。A.doubted懷疑；B.wondered疑惑；C.described描述；D.understood理解。根據語境“howherorganization,theSelf-EmployedWomen'sAssociation(SEWA),providedsmallloanstowomentostartandrunsmallbusinesses.”可知，Ela在向作者講述她的組織是如何運作，故此處指描述她的組織。故選C。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我下樓有困難，因為樓梯上擠滿了穿著鮮艷莎麗服的婦女，她們耐心地坐著等待領取貸款或償還貸款。A.difficulty困難；B.potential潛力；C.success成功；D.pleasure愉快。根據下文“astheywerelinedwithdozensofwomeninbrightlycoloredsaris(莎麗服)sittingonthestepswaitingpatiently”可知，作者下樓時看到很多婦女在等待，所以此處表示“我下樓有困難”。haddifficulty(in)doingsth.表示“做某事有困難”。故選A。【23題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她們耐心地坐著等待領取貸款或償還貸款。A.news消息；B.money錢；C.attention注意；D.job工作。根據上文“herorganization,theSelf-EmployedWomen'sAssociation(SEWA),providedsmallloanstowomentostartandrunsmallbusinesses.”可知，Ela的組織是為女性提供小額貸款以創業和經營小生意，因此這些婦女在等待領取貸款或償還貸款，因此用“money”表示貸款。故選B。【24題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我和協調者一起坐下，盡量讓自己看起來正式。A.necessary必要的；B.critical關鍵的；C.official正式的；D.demanding要求高的。根據下文“Iwastheonlywhitepersonandoneofaboutfivemenintheplace.”可知，作者是唯一一個白人，也是少數幾個男性之一，因此他盡量讓自己看起來正式。故選C。【25題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我們發放了小額貸款，金額從50美元到100美元不等。A.appliedfor申請；B.gaveout分發；C.livedon依賴……生活；D.complainedabout抱怨。根據上文“ShesuggestedIgodownstairsandparticipateintheirprogram.”可知，Ela建議作者加入她的這個組織，因此此處表示為她們發放貸款，因此用“gaveout”。故選B。【26題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這些婦女毫不吝惜地感謝我，認為因為我是白人，所以我是錢的來源。A.thanked感謝；B.questioned質疑；C.supported支持；D.blamed責備。根據下文“thinkingbecauseIwaswhiteIwasthe________ofthemoney.”可知，這些婦女感謝作者，認為他是白人，能為她們提供錢。故選A。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.source來源；B.winner贏家；C.borrower借款人；D.creator創造者。根據上文“thinkingbecauseIwaswhite”可知，這些婦女認為作者是白人，能為她們提供錢，因此認為作者是錢的來源。故選A。【28題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這筆錢的重要性是令人大開眼界的。A.old-fashioned過時的；B.unreasonable不合理的；C.overestimated高估的；D.eye-opening令人大開眼界的。根據上文“Theywereusingthemoneytobuyfruittosellormakeclothestosellormakemoneysomeotherwaytofeedtheirchildren”可知，這些婦女拿這筆錢去掙錢養孩子，因此這筆錢對她們來說非常重要，因此其重要性是令人大開眼界的。故選D。【29題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Ela是一個身材矮小的女性，可能只有4英尺9英寸高，但我站在她旁邊感到渺小。A.beautiful美麗的；B.tiny極小的；C.single單身的；D.smart聰明的。根據空后“perhaps4feetand9inches”可知，Ela可能只有4英尺9英寸高，因此矮小，因此用“tiny”。故選B。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.valuable有價值的；B.uncomfortable不舒服的；C.small渺小的；D.confident自信的。根據下文“Sheprovidedthemeansto________forovertwomillionpoorIndianwomen,andshefoughtfortherightsofmillionsmore.”可知，Ela為超過兩百萬的印度貧困婦女提供了就業機會，因此她的貢獻是巨大的，所以作者在Ela旁邊感到自己很渺小small。故選C。【31題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的貢獻是巨大的。A.normal正常的；B.hard困難的；C.acceptable可接受的；D.enormous巨大的。根據下文“Sheprovidedthemeansto________forovertwomillionpoorIndianwomen,andshefoughtfortherightsofmillionsmore.”可知，Ela為超過兩百萬的印度貧困婦女提供了就業機會，因此她的貢獻是巨大的。故選D。【32題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她為超過兩百萬的印度貧困婦女提供了就業機會。A.pressure壓力；B.power權力；C.employment就業；D.truth真相。根據上文“Theywereusingthemoneytobuyfruittosellormakeclothestosellormakemoneysomeotherwaytofeedtheirchildren.”可知，這些婦女從Ela這里借錢后，用來進購水果賣，或者做衣服賣，掙的錢用來養孩子，因此Ela為婦女提供了就業機會。故選C。【33題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我從這次經歷中感到非常興奮，遇到了這位了不起的女人。A.accident事故；B.experience經歷；C.opportunity機會；D.responsibility責任。根據下文“feelinggreattohavemetthis________woman.”可知，作者從這次經歷中遇到了這位了不起的女人，因此對這次經歷感到非常興奮。故選B。【34題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很高興能遇到這位了不起的女性。A.wonderful極好的；B.simple簡單的；C.odd奇怪的；D.poor貧窮的。根據上文“Sheprovidedthemeansto________forovertwomillionpoorIndianwomen,andshefoughtfortherightsofmillionsmore.”可知，Ela為這些婦女提供了就業機會，因此她是一位了不起的女性。故選A。【35題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我并不驚訝于她與JimmyCarter和NelsonMandela等其他偉大的人道主義者同行。A.satisfied滿意的；B.worried擔心的；C.convinced確信的；D.surprised驚訝的。前文“Sheprovidedthemeansto________forovertwomillionpoorIndianwomen,andshefoughtfortherightsofmillionsmore.”可知，Ela為超過兩百萬的印度貧困婦女提供了就業機會，她的貢獻是巨大的。因此她與偉人是同一類人，所以作者并不驚訝于Ela與其他偉大的人道主義者同行。故選D。第二節(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。TheliondanceisoneofthemostwidespreadfolkdancesinChina.Ancientpeopleregardedthelionasasymbolofbraveryandstrength,____36____