選擇性必修第4冊Unit5Intotheunknown目標導航目標導航重點詞匯1．intriguev．2．pyramidn．3．tropicaladj.4．cyclonen．5．megadroughtn．6．downfalln．7．getawayn．8．retreatv．9．subduev．10．theunknown11．unchartedadj.12．delvev．13．shrinkv．14．shipwreckn．15．archaeologicaladj.16．coraln．17．barreleyen．18．upwardsadv.19．trenchn．20．equivalentadj.21．stackv．22．furthermoreadv.23．substancen．24．vesseln．25．vol(＝volume)n．26．buryv．27．canaln．28．ruinn．29．dismissv．30．millimetren．詞匯拓展1．civilisationn．文明(社會)→v．使文明；使有教養→adj.文明的2．astronomyn．天文學→n．宇航員3．abandonv．離棄，逃離→adj.被拋棄的4．expansionn．擴大；增加→v．擴大；增加5．investigationn．調查→v．調查；研究；審查6．notableadj.顯要的；顯著的；值得注意的→v．注意7．drillingn．鉆探；勘探→v．鉆孔；打眼；操練重點詞組1．被……包圍2．把……應用到……中3．…的結合4．以不同的速度5．(因無人照料而)衰落，敗落6．逃跑，逃走7．逃命8．調查，檢查9．試水，試探10．避開……；從……處脫身11．動身踏上(漫長的)旅途12．積極投入到……中去13．再三考慮，慎重考慮14．避免做，不愿做15．調查(問題)，研究重點句型1．,15-year-oldCanadianWilliamGadourythoughthehadmadeanincrediblediscoveryfromhisstudyofancientstarcharts.從很小的時候就對瑪雅文明感興趣，15歲的加拿大男孩威廉·甘德瑞認為自己從對古代星象圖的研究中有了一個驚人的發現。2．makesitsachievementsallthemoreincredibleandmysterious.事實上，瑪雅社會在技術上是比較原始的，這使得它的這些成就更加難以置信，更加神秘。3．anestimatedthreemillionshipwrecks.據估計，全球海底有300萬艘沉船。4．Today，some500yearsaftertheEsmeraldasetsail，thereislittle——landonourplanetleftunexplored.今天，在埃斯梅拉達號起航約500年后，地球上幾乎沒有什么未被開發的陸地。知識精講知識精講1correspondv．相一致；符合(教材原句P50)Throughcomparison，hefoundthatthelocationsofthe117knownMayacitiescorrespondtothepositionsofthestars.通過比較，他發現已知的117個瑪雅城市的位置與恒星的位置相對應。Youraccountandhersdonot.你說的情況與她說的不相符。[知識拓展](1)correspondwith/to correspondwith... (2)correspondingadj. 2buryv．將……埋在下面(教材原句P50)Basedonthis，hebelievedhehadspottedanunknownMayacityburieddeepinthejungle.基于這一點，他認為他發現了一個掩埋在叢林深處的未知的瑪雅城市。Afterthebattle,theythedead.戰斗結束后，他們埋葬了陣亡者。[知識拓展]buryone'shead/faceinone'shands buryoneselfin＝beburiedin beburiedinthought 3applyvi.把……運用到(教材原句P50)TheyappliedthisunderstandingtotheMayacalendar，whichwasaccuratetowithin30secondsperyear.他們把這種理解運用到瑪雅歷法中，它能精確到每年的誤差在30秒之內。Thenewtechnologywastofarming.這項新技術被應用于農業了。[知識拓展](1)apply(to...)for applytodosth. applyto applyoneselfto (2)applicationn. applicantn. 4claimv．要求(擁有)；索取；認領(教材原句P51)WhenEuropeansarrivedinCentralAmericaintheearly16thcenturytoclaimitsriches，theremainingMayapeoplewerelivinginsmallsettlements.當歐洲人在16世紀初來到中美洲索要其財富時，剩余的瑪雅人就住在小定居點里。Alotoflostpropertyisnever.許多失物從未被認領。[知識拓展](1)claimtodosth./that... claimtohavedonesth. Itisclaimedthat... claimone'slife (2)makeaclaimfor... 5leadto引起，導致(教材原句P51)Thisislikelytohaveledtoaseriesofdroughts，eachlastingforacoupleofyears，includinga“megadrought”around900AD.這很可能導致了一系列的干旱，每一次都持續幾年，其中包括大約公元900年的一次“超級干旱”。Eatingtoomuchsugarcanhealthproblems.食用過多的糖會引起健康問題。[知識拓展]leadsb.todosth. leadsb.to/into＋n. leadalife leadtheway [名師點津]除leadto外，常見的表示“引起，導致”的詞匯還有cause，resultin，bringabout，contributeto等。6ruinn．殘垣斷壁，廢墟(教材原句P51)Itsonce-greatcitiesfellintoruin，leavingvariousmysteriesforlaterpeopletosolve.它的曾經偉大的城市都變成了廢墟，留下了各種謎團讓后人去解開。Theoldmillisnowlittlemorethana.老磨坊現在只剩下一點兒殘垣斷壁了。[知識拓展]fallintoruin gotorackandruin inruins 7abandonvt.離棄，逃離(教材原句P52)ButthegreatestmysteryofalliswhatcausedtheMayatoabandonmostoftheirgreatcities.但最神秘的是什么導致瑪雅人離棄了他們大部分偉大的城市。Thecrewthesinkingshipafterahardstruggle.經過艱苦的斗爭，船員們放棄了沉船。[知識拓展](1)abandonsb./sth. abandononeselftosth. (2)withabandon (3)abandonedadj. 8dismissv．拒絕考慮，否定(教材原句P52)Althoughhistheoryhasbeendismissedbyscholars,itshowshowpowerfulthesecretsofAncientMayacivilisationareamongpeople.雖然他的理論已經被學者們所否定，但它顯示了古代瑪雅文明的奧秘在人們心中是多么有影響力。Ithinkwecansafelytheirobjection.我認為我們對他們的異議完全可以不予理會。[知識拓展](1)dismisssb.forsth. dismisssb.from dismisssb./sth.fromone'smind (2)dismissaln. 9expansionn．擴大；增加(教材原句P52)hugeexpansionofthe...……的極大的擴充Thebookisanofaseriesoflecturesgivenlastyear.這本書是去年舉行的系列講座的擴充。[知識拓展](1)expandv． expandinto expandon/upon expandto (2)expansiveadj. 10whatever引導讓步狀語從句(教材原句P51)Whateverthereasons，Mayacivilisationlargelydisappearedwithinthedeepjungle.不管是什么原因，瑪雅文明基本上消失在叢林深處。句式分析：句子中whateverthereasons是讓步狀語從句，reasons后面省略了are。此句型還可以寫成nomatterwhat...。youwanttochatabout，we'lldoittonight.不管你想聊些什么，我們今晚聊個夠。hegoes,hetakeshisdigitalcamerawithhim.無論他走到哪里，他都帶著他的數碼相機。[知識拓展](1)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引導名詞性從句，也可引導讓步狀語從句。在引導讓步狀語從句時，相當于nomatterwhat/who/which/whom。(2)whenever，wherever，however引導讓步狀語從句時，相當于nomatterwhen/where/how，意為“無論何時/何地/如何”。(3)“nomatter＋疑問詞”只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句，可放在主句前或主句后。11leave＋賓語＋賓語補足語(教材原句P52)Meanwhile，theriseandfallofthiscivilisationmustalsoleaveusthinkingaboutourownpast，presentandfuture.與此同時，這個文明的興衰也必定讓我們思考我們自己的過去、現在和未來。句式分析：此句中的us是leave的賓語，thinkingabout...是us的補足語。Don'tallthetime.Whatawaste!別總是讓水一直流著，真是浪費！Youhadbetternotwhenyouareaway.當你外出時，別讓燈開著。[知識拓展]leave＋賓語＋名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語leave＋賓語＋分詞leave＋賓語＋不定式leave＋賓語＋where引導的地點狀語從句/as引導的方式狀語從句[名師點津]在leave的復合結構中，賓補為現在分詞時，通常表示主動、進行的動作；賓補為過去分詞時，通常表示被動、完成的動作；賓補為不定式時，通常表示動作尚未發生。語法精講語法精講名詞性從句一、連接詞that，whether，if引導的名詞性從句[觀察例句]1．Itispossiblethatcaffeinemaycausebirthdefects(缺陷)inhumans，too.2．Sheaskedmewhether/ifIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary.3．Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.4．Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.5．Ithink(that)youshouldturntotheteacherforhelp.6．Myreasonisthatthecostwillbetoohigh.7．ThenewsthatIhavepassedtheexamistrue.8．Thequestionwhetherhewilljoinusisveryimportant.[歸納用法]1．that引導主語從句時，常用it作形式主語(如例1)，that不作從句的任何成分，但通常不可省略。2．引導賓語從句的that不作從句的任何成分，常可省略(如例5)。3．引導表語從句和同位語從句的that不作從句的任何成分，通常不可省略(如例6、例7)。4．whether與if都可以引導賓語從句(如例2)。5．whether還可以引導主語從句(如例3)、表語從句(如例4)以及同位語從句(如例8)，其中引導同位語從句時不可以用if來替換。[名師點津]1．動詞find，feel，think，consider，make，believe等后面有賓語補足語時，需用it作形式賓語而將that引導的賓語從句后置，that通常不可省略。Ithinkitnecessarythatwedrinkplentyofboiledwatereveryday.2．that引導兩個以上的賓語從句時，通常只省略第一個從句中的that。3．whether與if引導賓語從句時，大多數情況下可以互換。但ornot前面用whether；用于介詞后的賓語從句也用whether引導。Wedon'tknowwhetherornotshewasready.I'minterestedinwhetheryou'vefinishedthework.4．有時主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句的內容較長，這時為避免“頭重腳輕”，常常將謂語部分提到從句前面，形成分隔式同位語從句。MywishwillcometrueonedaythatIshouldbuyabighouseformyparents.單句語法填空①Itiswonderfulallofushavepassedthedifficultexam!②Iwondertheyaresoeagertolearnthetechnology.③Thereasonforherabsencewasshewasill.④Thequestionisyoushouldaccepttheirinvitation.⑤Tellmeornotyouarewillingtodothework.⑥Hemustanswerthequestionheagreeswiththeopinion.二、連接代詞和連接副詞引導的名詞性從句[觀察例句]1．IwilldowhatIcantohelphim.2．Ithasnotbeendecidedwhowillbesentthere.3．Itisunknownwhenwewillhaveoursportsmeet.4．Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.5．That'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.6．Idon'tknowwhosebookthisis.7．Ihavenoideawhattheboyisdoingintheroomnow.8．Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacationthisyear.[歸納用法]1．引導名詞性從句的連接代詞有who，whom，whose，what等。它們不但起連接作用，還在從句中作主語(如例2)、表語、賓語(如例1、例7)、定語(如例6)等。缺少連接代詞，從句不完整。2．引導名詞性從句的連接副詞有when，where，why，how。它們不但起連接作用，還在從句中作狀語，表示時間(如例3)、地點(如例4、例8)、原因(如例5)和方式等。缺少連接副詞，從句也不完整。[名師點津]引導名詞性從句的還有“疑問詞＋ever”，如whoever、whomever、wherever、whichever等，它們在從句中充當某些句子成分。Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.Whereverchildrengomakestheirparentsworry.單句語法填空①Hedidn'ttelluswewouldmeetnexttime.②worriesthemmostisletoutthesecret.③TomhasnoideahecanexpresshimselfclearlyinEnglish.④Theproblemisweshouldputouroldfurniture.⑤Thebookcanbehelpfultowantsthejobtopassthedrivingtest.⑥Thequestionshoulddotheworkisbeingdiscussedatthemeeting.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Don'ttakeitforgrantedyourparentswilldoeverythingforyou.2．Now，heisstillwaitingtofindouthehasbrokentherecord.3．Hepromisedtogiveagreatrewardtofoundthewatch.4．“That'sexactlyIneed，”Mr.Vincentsaidtohimself.5．Thinkaboutwhatyouwantinthecomingyear，thenaskyourselfyouwantthat.6．Anotherpossiblereasonisonaverage，theBritishpeopledon'ttakethemselvestooseriously.7．hedidknowwasthathewasverythankfulfortheopportunitygiventohim.8．ThetwopresidentstalkedbytelephoneonFriday，butthedetailsoftheysaidwerenotavailable.Ⅱ.短文語法填空AfterbeingupsetatopportunitiesintheUK，IlefttheUKforanothercountryanddiscoveredthatunderstandingan1.(entire)newculturetaughtmealotabouthowtogetahead.Mylifeoverseasbeganafterreadingane-mailaboutagovernmentprogramme2.theaimofgettingyoungpeopleovertothatcountry.I3.(consider)nointernationalworkexperiencebefore，but，realizingthatthiswasanopportunitynottobemissed，Iboardedaplanetothecountry.Themainreasonforpeopletogoonsuchavoyageistodevelop4.betterunderstandingofadifferentculture.Thekeyto5.(get)aheadinthiscountryistogetconnectedwithotherpeople，whichdetermineshowbusiness6.(do)andhowyousucceed.Livingabroadisn'taseasyasIthought.Eachdaywillpresentyouwithanewchallenge7.(overcome)．Butitwillwhollydisappearwithdayswhenyourtaxidriverfinallyunderstands8.youneedtogowithoutyouactingitout，dayswhenyoudiscover9.(taste)dishescostonlyasmallpartofaHappyMeal，anddayswhenthepeopleyou'llrememberforeverorjustfortwoweeksleavealasting10.(impress)onyourlife.寫作園地寫作園地說明文說明文是以說明為主要表達方式來解說事物、闡明事理而給人以知識的文章，它要求語言準確簡明，通俗淺顯，條理清晰而又有邏輯性。需要注意的是，說明文是陳述客觀事實，所以這種文體通常采用一般現在時。[基本框架]1．開頭——簡述神秘現象(什么樣的神秘現象，何時何地被發現，科學家對此的解釋和論據)。2．主體——不同的看法。3．結尾——自己對這種現象的認識。[常用詞塊]1．aseriesofattacks一連串的襲擊行為2．muddyfootprintsonthekitchenfloor廚房地板上的泥腳印3．afrighteningexperience一次可怕的經歷4．areportedsightingoftheLochNessmonster據報道有人看見尼斯湖水怪5．bringsth.tolight披露某事6．duetohumanerror由于人為錯誤[常用語句]★精彩開頭1．Themonsterof...isbackinthenews...……怪物……又上新聞了。2．Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……3．Itliesin...它在于……4．Itlookslike...它看起來像……★豐滿主體1．Somescientiststhinkthat...一些科學家認為……2．Somepeoplebelieveinitsexistence，because...有些人相信它的存在，因為……3．Byrecentresearch，wecanlearnthat...通過最近的研究，我們可以了解到……4．Otherscientistsconsider...其他科學家認為……★余味結尾1．Personally，I(don't)believe...就我個人而言，我(不)相信……2．AsfarasIamconcerned，Ithink...就我而言，我認為……3．Inmypointofview，Ibelieve...在我看來，我相信……例文假如你是校報編輯，在本期《科學探秘》專欄中，要向大家介紹“神農架野人”。請寫一篇短文，內容包括：1．神農架的地理位置；2．目擊者對“野人”的描述；3．有關“野人”存在的證據。注意：1.詞數80左右；2．可適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。參考詞匯：直立地upright靈長目動物primate____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________練習“北美大腳怪(Bigfoot)”一直引發人們的熱議。請根據所給提示寫一篇短文。出沒地帶北美怪物描述像猿(ape)，高6－10英尺，重約500磅以上，全身覆蓋棕色或紅色毛，頭和眼睛很大，腳印長達24英寸發現情況科學家和研究人員也找到了相關的毛發糞便(waste)以及大腳印等結論無其他證據證明其存在，也許是當地傳說以嚇唬徒步者或者獵人注意：1.詞數80左右；2．可以適當增加細節，以使行文連貫。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________分層提分分層提分題組A基礎過關練AJerrie：Myhopeisthatmygrandchildrenandthenextgenerationwillinherit(繼承)someofthevaluesthataresoimportanttome.ItisthebestgiftIcouldhavegivenmyfamily.Jodi：ThespecialbookwrittenbymymotherisoneofthemostpreciousgiftsIcouldeverreceive，andIcannotevendescribemyfeelingsaboutthislaboroflovethatshecompleted，withthehelpoftheteamatLifeBook.Kelli：Iwanttosaythankyoufortakingmygrandma’spictures，emails，andstoriesandturningthemintothisbeautifulandprofessionalbook.ItissuchaworkofartandsomethingIwillforeverkeep.LETUSWRITEYOURPRIVATEAUTOBIOGRAPHY(自傳)FORYOU&YOURFAMILYImagineyourveryownprivateautobiography.Allyourstoriesinabeautifullydesignedbookarethereforthewholefamilytoenjoy—forever.LetLifeBooktakecareofeverything，withexpertwritersandinterviewersrecordingyourexperiencesoveramemorablesix-monthjourney.Theworld’sleadingprivateautobiographyservice.Globally，over7,000peoplewithLifeBookssince2012.Adevotedprojectmanagerandateamof5tohelpyou.20hoursofface-to-faceinterviews.Interest-freepayments.Perfectforyou，orasagiftforalovedone.REQUESTAFREEAUTOBIOGRAPHYGUIDETalktoaLifeBookplannertoday.FREEon0800-999-2280onweekdays.Formoreinformation，visitthewebsite：.1．Whatisthepurposeofthefirstthreeparagraphs?A．Toshowtheimportanceofthebook.B．TospreadJerrie’svaluesacrossherfamily.C．TointroduceJerrie’sautobiographytopeople.D．ToadvertiseandattractcustomerstoLifebook.2．WhatcanwelearnfromLifeBook’sservice?A．LifeBookwilltakeyouonatour.B．Therewillbesixpeoplehelpingyou.C．Therewillbeaninterviewonthephone.D．LifeBookwon’tprovidefreeservicesforyou.3．Whatcanyoudoifyouarestillconfusedafterreadingthistext?A．SendanemailtoLifeBook.B．Talktotheplanneranytime.C．VisitthewebsiteofLifeBook.D．Call0800-999-2280onSunday.題組B能力提升練七選五Businessistheorganizedapproachtoprovidingcustomerswiththegoodsandservicestheywant.Thewordbusinessalsoreferstoanorganizationthatprovidesthesegoodsandservices.Mostbusinessesseektomakeaprofit(利潤)—thatis，theyaimtoachieveincomethatismorethanthecostsofoperatingthebusiness.1Commonlycallednonprofits，theseorganizationsareprimarilynongovernmentalserviceproviders.2Businessmanagementisatermusedtodescribethetechniquesofplanning，direction，andcontroloftheoperationsofabusiness.3Oneistheestablishment(制定)ofbroadbasicpolicieswithrespecttoproduction；sales；thepurchaseofequipment，materialsandsupplies；andaccounting.4Thethirdrelatestotheestablishmentofstandardsofworkinalldepartments.Directionisconcernedprimarilywithsupervision(監管)andguidancebythemanagementinauthority.5A．Controlincludestheuseofrecordsandreportstocompareactualworkwiththesetstandardsforwork.B．Inthisconnection，thereisthedifferencebetweentopmanagementandoperativemanagement.C．Examplesofnonprofitbusinessesincludesuchorganizationsassocialserviceagenciesandmanyhospitals.D．However，somebusinessesonlyseektoearnenoughtocovertheiroperatingcosts.E．Thesecondaspectrelatestotheapplicationofthesepoliciesbydepartments.F．Inthetheoryofbusinessmanagement，organizationhastwomainaspects.G．Planninginbusinessmanagementhasthreemainaspects.題組C培優拔尖練Haveyoueverfeltthatsomeoneyouweretalkingwithwasstandingsoclosethatyouhadtheurgetostepbackwards?Ifso，you’renotalone.Weallhaveourownsenseofpersonalspace—thephysicaldistancethatweliketokeepwhileinteractingwithothers.Whensomeoneintrudesintothisspace，it’snaturaltofeelanxietyordiscomfort.However，therootofthisfeelingmayactuallybeless“personal”thancultural.ForNorthAmericansandnorthernEuropeans，theidealamountofpersonalspaceisbetween0.9and1.2meters.Incontrast，forthosewhogrewupinIndia，China，orJapan，personalspacecanbeaslittleasafewcentimeters.Sincethesecountriesarerelativelycrowded，peoplehavebecomeaccustomedtoamuchsmallerpersonalspace.Touchalsoplaysapartindefiningourcomfortzones.WhiletouchingbetweenacquaintancesisdeemedacceptableincasualorintimatesituationsintheUnitedStates，inSouthAmericaandsouthernEurope，physicalcontactisconsideredanimportantpartofeverydayconversation.Intheseplaces，thosewhodonotinteractphysicallyares