高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省荊州市沙市區某中學2025屆高三下學期5月模擬預測英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。A2025MetropolisMarathonRegistrationGuideThe2025MetropolisMarathonwilltakeplaceonDecember1inthedistrictsofDowntown,Riverside,andUptown.Forinterestedrunners,thefollowingisaguideforregistration.RegistrationPeriodFromOctober9at8pmtoOctober14atnoon,participantscanlogontoeithertheofficialwebsiteoftheMetropolisMarathonortheMetMarapp.Theycanthenselectthecorrespondingracesandeventsforregistration.Adrawingwillbeheld,forwhichtheresultswillbeannouncedontheafternoonofOctober24.Aftertheresultsareannounced,participantshavetocompletetheregistrationpaymentbeforeOctober28atnoon.RegistrationFeeForforeignrunners,theregistrationfeeforthefullmarathonis$235perperson,$145perpersonforthehalfmarathon,and$80forthefitnessrunningprogram.Domesticrunnerspay$225,$135,and$70respectively.EntryRequirementsDirectentryisofferedtotopfinishersofpreviousMetropolisraces(e.g.,Women’sHalfMarathon,RiversideHalfMarathon).Additionally,100participantsfromthe2024VirtualRuncanentervialottery(抽簽).QualifiedrunnersmustregisterbetweenOctober9andOctober17.CharityProgramThisyear,theMetropolisMarathonwillcontinuetooffercharityspots.Registrationopensat8pmonOctober9withatotalof800seatsavailableonafirst-come,first-servedbasis.Charityrunnerswhosuccessfullyregisterareautomaticallyconfirmedanddonotneedtoenterthedrawing.KeyNotes●Latepaymentswillresultindisqualification.●Internationalrunnersmustprovidevalid(有效的)passportsandmedicalreports.●NorefundsareallowedafterOctober28.1.Whenwilltheregistrationresultbereleased?A.OnOct9. B.OnOct14.C.OnOct17. D.OnOct24.2.Whocangetdirectentry?A.Athletesofthe2024VirtualRun. B.Participantsoffitnessrunningprogram.C.WinnersofpastMetropolisraces. D.Foreignrunnerspaying$235.3.Whatcanarunnerdotosecureacharityspot?A.Entertherunnerlottery. B.Registerwithin800seats.C.Payanadditionalfee. D.Submitacharityapplication.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【語篇導讀】本文是一篇應用文，主要介紹了2025年大都市馬拉松的注冊相關信息，包括注冊時間、費用、參賽要求、慈善項目以及一些重要注意事項。【1題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章“RegistrationPeriod”部分“FromOctober9at8pmtoOctober14atnoon,participantscanlogontoeithertheofficialwebsiteoftheMetropolisMarathonortheMetMarapp.Theycanthenselectthecorrespondingracesandeventsforregistration.Adrawingwillbeheld,forwhichtheresultswillbeannouncedontheafternoonofOctober24.Aftertheresultsareannounced,participantshavetocompletetheregistrationpaymentbeforeOctober28atnoon.(從10月9日晚上8點到10月14日中午，參賽者可以登錄大都會馬拉松官方網站或MetMar應用程序，然后選擇相應的比賽和項目進行報名。將舉行抽簽，結果將于10月24日下午公布。結果公布后，參賽者須于10月28日中午前完成報名繳費)”可知，注冊結果將在10月24日公布。故選D。【2題詳析】細節理解題。根據“EntryRequirements”部分“DirectentryisofferedtotopfinishersofpreviousMetropolisraces(e.g.,Women’sHalfMarathon,RiversideHalfMarathon).(以前大都市比賽（如女子半程馬拉松、河畔半程馬拉松）的優秀完賽者可直接參賽)”可知，過去大都市比賽的獲勝者可以直接參賽。故選C。【3題詳析】細節理解題。根據文“CharityProgram”部分“Thisyear,theMetropolisMarathonwillcontinuetooffercharityspots.Registrationopensat8pmonOctober9withatotalof800seatsavailableonafirst-come,first-servedbasis.Charityrunnerswhosuccessfullyregisterareautomaticallyconfirmedanddonotneedtoenterthedrawing.(今年，大都市馬拉松將繼續提供慈善名額。10月9日晚上8點開始注冊，共有800個名額，先到先得。成功注冊的慈善跑者將自動獲得確認，無需參加抽簽)”可知，跑步者可以通過在800個名額內注冊來確保獲得一個慈善名額。故選B。BInBaltimore,OurKidsRead,anonprofitoffersthreefreebookstoeverychildwhowalksintoitsbookstore.Andunlikethelibrary,thebooksareneverexpectedback.Kids“checkout”atthefrontofthestore,butinsteadofhandingovercash,alltheyhavetodoissignupforthenonprofit’sReadingBuddyprogram,whichmatchesyoungreaderswithadultswhoreadwiththemonceortwiceaweekin45-minuteonlinemeetingstopromoteliteracy(寫能力).“Everychildshouldhavesomeonereadingtothematnight.”saidJahmalLake,executivedirectorofOurKidsRead.LakeestablishedOurKidsReadin2021.Buthequicklyrealizedthatheneededtodomorethanjustdistributedonatedbooks.“1thinkthatthemistakealotofnonprofitsmake,isthattheythinktheycanbackupatruckfullofresourcestothecommunitiestheywanttoserveandthatthey’redoingsomething.”Lakesaid.“Butifthatcommunityisnotequippedtomakegooduseofthoseresources.youmightaswellhavegiventhemabrick.”Onthebookshelvesandacrosstables,therearebookslike“BlackBoyJoy”and“EyesThatKissintheCorners”,picturebooksinEnglishandSpanish,poetrycollections,andevengraphicnovels.TherangeofoptionsplaysintoLakes’visionofturningnon-readersintobookwormsbydirectingkidstobooksonsubjectstheyalreadylove.Researchshowskidsaremorelikelytofinishandlovebookstheypickoutthemselves.TopromotetheReadingBuddyprogram,OurKidsReadgoesintoelementaryschools.Lakealsoplanstosetupseverallittlefreelibrariestoencouragereading.TheBaltimoreCommunityFoundationhasgivenOurKidsReadover$25,000.VicePresidentofCommunityImpactCrystalHarden-LindseysaidOurKidsReadisvitaltopromotingliteracy,thefoundationforacademicsuccess,economicmobilityandcivicengagement.4.WhatisafeatureofOurKidsReadbookstore?A.Itoffersfreebookstoadultsandkids. B.Itholdsreadingcompetitionsweekly.C.Itengageskidsinreadingbookstoadults. D.Itrequireskidstoregisterforaprogram.5.WhatdoesLakethinkofmerelydonatingbooks?A.Insufficient. B.Meaningful.C.Motivating. D.Unnecessary.6.Whydoesthebookstoreofferdiversebooks?A.Toexpandkids’readingrange.B.Todevelopstudents’loveforbooks.C.Tobroadenkids’visionsonbookselection.D.Toencouragekids’interestinschoolsubjects.7.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Bookstoreofferskidsfreebookstopromotebusiness.B.Charitypartnerswithschoolstoteachstudentsreading.C.Nonprofitboostschildliteracythroughmultiplemeasures.D.Programenhancesfamilybondbysharedreadingactivities.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【語篇導讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要講述了巴爾的摩社區的非盈利機構OurKidsRead通過多種方式促進兒童讀寫能力。【4題詳析】細節理解題。根據第一段“InBaltimore,OurKidsRead,anonprofitoffersthreefreebookstoeverychildwhowalksintoitsbookstore.Andunlikethelibrary,thebooksareneverexpectedback.Kids“checkout”atthefrontofthestore,butinsteadofhandingovercash,alltheyhavetodoissignupforthenonprofit’sReadingBuddyprogram,whichmatchesyoungreaderswithadultswhoreadwiththemonceortwiceaweekin45-minuteonlinemeetingstopromoteliteracy(讀寫能力).(在巴爾的摩，非營利組織OurKidsRead為每位走進書店的孩子免費提供三本書。與圖書館不同的是，這些書永遠不會被歸還。孩子們在商店前面‘結賬’，但他們不需要交錢，他們所要做的就是報名參加這個非營利組織的‘閱讀伙伴’項目，該項目將年輕讀者與成年人配對，每周在網上開會一到兩次，每次45分鐘，以促進讀寫能力。)”可知，OurKidsRead書店的特色是孩子們報名這個項目就能免費得到三本書。故選D項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段““1thinkthatthemistakealotofnonprofitsmake,isthattheythinktheycanbackupatruckfullofresourcestothecommunitiestheywanttoserveandthatthey’redoingsomething.”Lakesaid.“Butifthatcommunityisnotequippedtomakegooduseofthoseresources.youmightaswellhavegiventhemabrick.”(‘我認為很多非營利組織犯的錯誤是，他們認為他們可以為他們想要服務的社區提供一卡車的資源，并且他們正在做一些事情。’Lake說。‘但如果這個社區沒有充分利用這些資源的能力。你還不如給他們一塊磚頭呢。’)”可知，Lake認為僅僅捐贈書籍是不夠的，社區還需要具備利用這些資源的能力。故選A項。【6題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段“TherangeofoptionsplaysintoLake’svisionofturningnon-readersintobookwormsbydirectionkidstobooksonsubjectstheyalreadylove.Researchshowskidsaremorelikelytofinishandlovebookstheypickoutthemselves.(選擇的范圍符合Lake的愿景，即通過引導孩子們閱讀他們已經喜歡的主題的書籍，將不讀書的人變成書蟲。研究表明，孩子們更有可能讀完并喜歡他們自己挑選的書。)”可知，這家書店提供各種各樣的書是為了培養學生對書籍的熱愛。故選B項。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。根據最后一段“TopromotetheReadingBuddyprogram,OurKidsReadgoesintoelementaryschools.Lakealsoplanstosetupseverallittlefreelibrariestoencouragereading.TheBaltimoreCommunityFoundationhasgivenOurKidsReadover$25,000.(為了推廣“閱讀伙伴”計劃，OurKidsRead進入了小學。Lake還計劃建立幾個小型免費圖書館來鼓勵閱讀。巴爾的摩社區基金會已經為我們的孩子們提供了超過25,000美元的資金。)”及文章其他段落內容可知本文主要介紹了非盈利機構OurKidsRead通過多種方式促進兒童讀寫能力，所以C項“Nonprofitboostschildliteracythroughmultiplemeasures.(非營利組織通過多種措施提高兒童識字能力)”最能概括文章主要內容。故選C項。CDistractionisoftensaidtobethemajorcognitive(認知的)crisisofourtime.InarecentarticleinTheAtlantic,RoseHorowitchnotedthat“universitystudentshavetroublestayingfocusedonevenapoem”,andmanyAmericanmiddleandhighschoolshaveshiftedfromliterarytextstoshorterpassages.Actually,accusationsofdecliningattentionarenothingnewinmodernity.Evenintheearly20thcentury,EzraPoundobservedashiftfrompoetrytoprose(散文),explainingitasaresultofreaders’inabilitytoengagewiththelinguisticcomplexityofpoetry.Overthedecades,similarcomplaintsaboutattentionhavecontinued.Yet,Horowitchsuggeststhatratherthanalossofreadingability,wemaybewitnessingashiftinconsumptionhabits.Studentsnowviewreadingbooksmuchlikelisteningtooldrecordalbums—outdated.Meanwhile,thepopularityofaudiobookscontinuestogrow.Thissuggeststhattheissueisnotaninabilitytoreadlongnovelsbutratherashiftinwhatpeoplevalue.“Studentscanstillreadbooks,”Horowitchwrote.“They’rejustchoosingnotto.”Thisraisesadeeperquestion:Whatkindofattentiondowetrulyneed,andwhy?Psychologistsdistinguishbetweenfocusedattentionandbroaderattention.InthefamousInvisibleGorillaExperiment,participantscountingbasketballpassesfailedtonoticeapersoninagorillasuitdancinginthebackground.Awiderfocus,incontrast,mayengagedifferentcognitiveskillsandofferuniquebenefits.Couldtheyoungergenerationbedevelopingvaluableattentionmodeswefailtorecognize?Whatoftherapid,quick-fire,writtenexchangesofinstantmessaging?Theartofmakingshortandcleverstatementsin140or280characters?Whatabouttheskillsandquickreactionsneededinvideogames?Thesenewwaysofengagingwithcontentchallengeustorethink—withhistoryasourguide—howwemightapproachlong-formcultureinfreshandflexibleways.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accusations”inparagraph2mean?A.Criticisms. B.Origins. C.Trends. D.Indicators.9.WhatdoestheincreaseofaudiobooklistenersimplyaccordingtoHorowitch?A.Printedbooksarelessaccessible. B.Readingpreferenceshavechanged.C.Digitalreadingdevicesaremorepopular. D.Modernpeoplehavelimitedreadingtime.10.WhydoestheauthormentiontheInvisibleGorillaExperimentinparagraph4?A.Todisplaythedifficultyofmultitasking.B.Toillustratethelimitationoffocusedattention.C.Toprovethewidepresenceofdistractionindailylife.D.Tostresstheimportanceofcognitiveflexibilityinsports.11.Whatwillprobablybediscussednext?A.Morevaluablelessonstaughtbyhistory. B.Challengesfacingtheyounggeneration.C.Theimpactoftechnologyonliteracyskills. D.Strategiesforbookreadinginthedigitalage.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【語篇導讀】本文是議論文。探討了現代社會中注意力分散的現象及其背后的原因。【8題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據后文“Overthedecades,similarcomplaintsaboutattentionhavecontinued.(幾十年來，關于注意力的類似抱怨一直在繼續)”可知，本段介紹了對注意力下降的指責，推知accusations應是“指責”之意，和A項意思相近。故選A項。【9題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段“Yet,Horowitchsuggeststhatratherthanalossofreadingability,wemaybewitnessingashiftinconsumptionhabits.Studentsnowviewreadingbooksmuchlikelisteningtooldrecordalbums—outdated.Meanwhile,thepopularityofaudiobookscontinuestogrow.Thissuggeststhattheissueisnotaninabilitytoreadlongnovelsbutratherashiftinwhatpeoplevalue.“Studentscanstillreadbooks,”Horowitchwrote.“They’rejustchoosingnotto.”(然而，霍洛維奇認為，我們可能正在目睹消費習慣的轉變，而不是閱讀能力的喪失。現在的學生認為讀書就像聽老唱片一樣——過時了。與此同時，有聲書的受歡迎程度也在持續增長。這表明，問題不在于無法閱讀長篇小說，而在于人們的價值觀發生了轉變。“學生們仍然可以讀書，”霍洛維奇寫道。“他們只是選擇不這么做。”)”可知，有聲書聽眾的增加意味著閱讀偏好已經改變。故選B項。【10題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Thisraisesadeeperquestion:Whatkindofattentiondowetrulyneed,andwhy?Psychologistsdistinguishbetweenfocusedattentionandbroaderattention.InthefamousInvisibleGorillaExperiment,participantscountingbasketballpassesfailedtonoticeapersoninagorillasuitdancinginthebackground.Awiderfocus,incontrast,mayengagedifferentcognitiveskillsandofferuniquebenefits.(這就提出了一個更深層次的問題：我們真正需要什么樣的關注，為什么？心理學家區分了集中注意力和廣泛注意力。在著名的“看不見的大猩猩實驗”中，計算籃球傳球次數的參與者沒有注意到背景中有一個穿著大猩猩服裝的人在跳舞。相比之下，更廣泛的關注可能涉及不同的認知技能，并提供獨特的好處)”可知，本段提到隱形大猩猩實驗是為了說明專注注意力的局限性，即過于集中注意力可能導致忽略其他重要信息。故選B項。【11題詳析】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Couldtheyoungergenerationbedevelopingvaluableattentionmodeswefailtorecognize?Whatoftherapid,quick-fire,writtenexchangesofinstantmessaging?Theartofmakingshortandcleverstatementsin140or280characters?Whatabouttheskillsandquickreactionsneededinvideogames?Thesenewwaysofengagingwithcontentchallengeustorethink—withhistoryasourguide—howwemightapproachlong-formcultureinfreshandflexibleways.(年輕一代是否正在發展有價值的注意力模式，而我們卻沒有意識到？那么快速、快速、書面的即時通訊交流呢？用140或280個字符寫出簡短而聰明的陳述的藝術？那么電子游戲中需要的技能和快速反應呢？這些與內容互動的新方式要求我們重新思考——以歷史為指導——我們如何以新鮮而靈活的方式接近長篇文化)”可知，接下來可能會討論如何在數字時代以新的方式重新融入長篇文化，也就是數字時代的閱讀策略。故選D項。DNewresearchrevealsthat“intensivedomain-specifictraining”likemathematicsfundamentallyreshapesbrainactivityduringcomplexproblemsolving,offeringinsightsintothecognitiveneuroscience(認知神經科學)ofconcentration.AstudypublishedinCognitiveNeurosciencecomparedgraduatestudentsinmath-relatedfieldswithpeersinnon-mathematicalfieldstoinvestigatehowlong-termspecializedpracticeinfluencesthinkingprocesses.Participantswatchedvideodemonstrationsofmulti-stepmathematicalproblemswhilewearingbrain-wave-monitoringcapstotrackbrainactivity.Thestudyfoundcleardifferences:non-mathstudents’frontbrainareas(linkedtomemoryandfocus)workedharderastheystruggledtofollowlogicalsteps.Incontrast,math-intensivestudentsdisplayedsynchronized(同步的)slowbrainwavesconnectingthefrontalandupper-backbrainareas,whichareresponsibleforabstractreasoningandspatialprocessing.Theseslowbrainrhythms,typicallyobservedduringdeepsleep,appearedtofacilitateefficientcommunicationbetweendistantneuralnetworksduringintensefocus.Thesefindingsindicatethatrepeatedexposuretocomplexproblemsolvingallowsmath-trainedstudentstoautomatebasiclogicalsteps(e.g.formulaapplication),whichsavesmentalenergyforcomplexanalysis.This“neuralefficiency”—thebrain’sadaptabilitythroughtraining—mirrorspatternsinotherexperts:experiencedmusicians’brainsshowsimilarslowwaveswhencomposingandathletesentersimilar“flowstates”duringcompetitions.Mostimportantly,researchersconfirmsuchneuralefficiencyisn’tinbornbutdevelopsthroughdeliberatepractice.StudentswithequalIQsbutlessmathtraininglackedthesedistinctivewavepatterns.However,thosewhoengagedinrepetitionandintentionalstudyeventuallydevelopedsuchpatterns,becomingmoreefficientinsolvingproblems.Bythesamelogic,thesefindingshintatatrade-offthatpeopleshouldkeepinmindparticularlyasartificialintelligence(AI)andothertoolsoffertemptingshortcutsforvariousformsofproblemsolving.Dr.ElenaTorres,leadresearcherofthestudy,furtherwarnsthatover-relianceonAImightweakenourbrain’snaturalproblem-solvingabilities.“Eachtimeweoff-loadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAItosummarizeanessay,wearelosinganopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpractisedeepconcentrationforourselves.”Torresurges“astrategicbalance—useAIforrepetitivelabor,thankstoitsfastdataprocessingandcontinuousoperation,butreservecomplexchallengesfordeep,tech-freefocus.”12.Whatwasthemainpurposeofthenewresearch?A.Tostudyhowspecializedtrainingaffectsbrains.B.ToinvestigatehowAItoolsinfluencelearning.C.Tocomparebrainactivityamongmathexperts.D.TomeasureIQlevelsacrossdifferentspecialists.13.Howdidnon-mathstudents’brainsdifferfromthoseofmathstudentsincomplexproblemsolving?A.Theirfront-toppartsworkedtogether.B.Theyshowedrandomsleep-likewaves.C.Theirfrontareaworkedwithextraeffort.D.Theyprocessedinformationautomatically.14.Whatiscrucialtodeveloping“neuralefficiency”accordingtothetext?A.Long-termfocusedpractice.B.Inbornabstractreasoningtalent.C.Randomexposuretocomplexproblems.D.Trainingonmemorizingbasiclogicalsteps.15.WhatdoDr.ElenaTorres’quoteshighlightinthelastparagraph?A.AItoolslimitindependentlearningopportunities.B.Technologyimprovesefficiencyincomplextasks.C.Overusingshortcutsharmscognitivedevelopment.D.AItoolsreducemotivationfordeepconcentration.【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.C【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了新的研究揭示“特定領域的強化訓練”（如數學）如何從根本上重塑大腦在解決復雜問題時的活動，提供了對集中注意力的認知神經科學的見解。【12題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第一段“AstudypublishedinCognitiveNeurosciencecomparedgraduatestudentsinmath-relatedfieldswithpeersinnon-mathematicalfieldstoinvestigatehowlong-termspecializedpracticeinfluencesthinkingprocesses.(一項發表在《認知神經科學》雜志上的研究，對數學相關領域的研究生和非數學領域的研究生進行了對比，以探究長期的專業訓練是如何影響思維過程的。)”可知，這項發表在《認知神經科學》上的研究，將數學相關領域的研究生和非數學領域的研究生進行對比，是為了探究長期的專業訓練是如何影響思維過程的，而思維過程與大腦活動相關，也就是研究專業訓練如何影響大腦。故選A。【13題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Thestudyfoundcleardifferences:non-mathstudents’frontbrainareas(linkedtomemoryandfocus)workedharderastheystruggledtofollowlogicalsteps.Incontrast,math-intensivestudentsdisplayedsynchronized(同步的)slowbrainwavesconnectingthefrontalandupper-backbrainareas,whichareresponsibleforabstractreasoningandspatialprocessing.(研究發現了明顯的差異：非數學專業的學生在努力理解邏輯步驟時，他們大腦前部區域（與記憶和注意力相關）更為活躍。相比之下，大量學習數學的學生大腦前部和上后部區域之間出現了同步的慢腦電波，而后兩個區域負責抽象推理和空間處理。)”可知，非數學專業學生在努力理解邏輯步驟時，他們大腦前部區域更加努力地工作；而大量學習數學的學生則表現為大腦前部和上后部區域之間出現同步的慢腦電波。故選C。【14題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第三段“Mostimportantly,researchersconfirmsuchneuralefficiencyisn’tinbornbutdevelopsthroughdeliberatepractice.StudentswithequalIQsbutlessmathtraininglackedthesedistinctivewavepatterns.However,thosewhoengagedinrepetitionandintentionalstudyeventuallydevelopedsuchpatterns,becomingmoreefficientinsolvingproblems.(最重要的是，研究人員證實，這種神經效率并非天生就有，而是通過刻意練習培養出來的。智商相當但數學訓練較少的學生缺乏這些獨特的腦電波模式。然而，那些進行重復練習和有意學習的人最終會形成這樣的模式，在解決問題時也會變得更加高效。)”可知，這種神經效率并非天生的，而是通過進行重復和有意學習最終形成了這種模式，在解決問題時變得更有效率。因此，培養“神經效率”的關鍵是長期專注的練習。故選A。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Dr.ElenaTorres,leadresearcherofthestudy,furtherwarnsthatover-relianceonAImightweakenourbrain’snaturalproblem-solvingabilities.“Eachtimeweoff-loadaproblemtoacalculatororaskAItosummarizeanessay,wearelosinganopportunitytoimproveourownskillsandpractisedeepconcentrationforourselves.”(該研究的首席研究員ElenaTorres博士進一步警告說，過度依賴人工智能可能會削弱我們大腦天生的問題解決能力。“每次我們把一個問題交給計算器處理，或者讓人工智能來總結一篇文章時，我們都失去了一個提升自身技能和鍛煉深度專注力的機會。”)”可知，ElenaTorres博士警告過度依賴人工智能可能會削弱我們大腦天生的問題解決能力，每次將問題交給計算器或讓人工智能總結文章，我們都失去了提升自身技能和鍛煉深度專注力的機會，可推知過度使用捷徑（如AI）有害認知發展。故選C。第二節（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Haveyoueverthoughtthattakingshortbreaksduringawalkcouldactuallyhelpyouburnmorecalories?Scientistshavediscoveredthatshortburstsofactivitycanburnmoreenergythancontinuousexercise.Forexample,severalgroupsofquickwalksorstairclimbsforjust10to30secondsuse20%to60%moreenergythanwalkingnonstopforthesamedistance.____16____Similartoacarusingmorefuelwhenstartingajourney,ourbodyworksharderatthebeginningofanymovement.Thisisbecauseitneedstowarmupourmusclesandgetintoarhythm.Theseshortburstsofactivitymightnotlastlong,buttheyrequirealotofenergy.____17____Assomeonewhositsmostoftheday,Iusedtothinkexercisemeanthoursatthegym.ButwhenItriedreplacingmyafternooncoffeebreakswiththree90-secondstairclimbs,somethingsurprisinghappened.____18____Mybodyadjustedtotheactivity,andwhatoncefeltlikeastrugglegraduallyturnedintoamanageableroutine.Asthishappened,Iunexpectedlyfeltmorefocusedandenergizedthroughouttheday.These“exercisesnacks”fitwellintomybusyschedule,provingthatworkingoutdoesn’trequirelargeblocksoftime.____19____Everystairclimborshortwalkwakesupthebody.Healthisn’tbuiltinadayatthegym—it’smadethroughsmall,consistentactions.Simplyreplaceoneofyourusualsittingbreakswithjustasingleminuteofwalking,andyou’llbeamazedathowsmallactionscanreshapeyourphysicalvitality.____20____A.NowIseefitnessdifferently.B.Everystepcounts,nomatterhowshortitis!C.Thisfindingmatchesperfectlywithmyownexperience.D.Thishappensbecausethebodyneedsextraenergytostartmoving.E.Actually,shortexercisebreakscanincreaseyourenergyconsumption.F.Atfirst,even20secondsleftmebreathless,butovertime,itbecameeasier.G.Themoretimeandeffortyouputintoexercise,themorecaloriesyouwillburn.【答案】16.D17.C18.F19.A20.B【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述了科學家發現短時間的間歇運動比持續運動消耗更多熱量，并通過作者自身的經歷來證明這一觀點，同時倡導人們通過一些小的、持續的行動來塑造健康。【16題詳析】根據上文“Forexample,severalgroupsofquickwalksorstairclimbsforjust10to30secondsuse20%to60%moreenergythanwalkingnonstopforthesamedistance.(例如，幾組僅持續10到30秒的快走或爬樓梯比不間斷地走相同距離多消耗20%到60%的能量)”以及下文“Similartoacarusingmorefuelwhenstartingajourney,ourbodyworksharderatthebeginningofanymovement.Thisisbecauseitneedstowarmupourmusclesandgetintoarhythm.(就像汽車在開始行駛時會消耗更多燃料一樣，我們的身體在任何運動開始時都需要更努力地工作。這是因為它需要熱身我們的肌肉并進入節奏)”可知，設空處是在解釋為什么短時間的活動會消耗更多能量。D選項”這是因為身體開始移動需要額外的能量”符合語境，能夠承接上文并解釋原因。故選D。【17題詳析】根據下文“Assomeonewhositsmostoftheday,Iusedtothinkexercisemeanthoursatthegym.ButwhenItriedreplacingmyafternooncoffeebreakswiththree90-secondstairclimbs,somethingsurprisinghappened.(作為一個大部分時間都坐著的人，我過去認為鍛煉意味著在健身房里待上幾個小時。但當我試著用三次90秒的爬樓梯來代替下午的咖啡休息時間時，令人驚訝的事情發生了)”可知，作者要講述自己的經歷來驗證前面提到的發現，且引起下文作者的經歷。C選項“這一發現與我自己的經歷完美契合”符合語境，起到了引出作者經歷的作用。故選C。【18題詳析】根據下文“Mybodyadjustedtotheactivity,andwhatoncefeltlikeastrugglegraduallyturnedintoamanageableroutine.(我的身體適應了這種活動，曾經感覺很艱難的事情逐漸變成了一種可管理的日常活動)”可知，設空處應該是描述作者一開始進行這種短時間活動時的困難情況。F選項“一開始，即使是20秒也讓我氣喘吁吁，但隨著時間的推移，這變得更容易了”符合語境，與后文身體適應的描述相呼應。故選F。【19題詳析】根據下文“Everystairclimborshortwalkwakesupthebody.Healthisn’tbuiltinadayatthegym—it’smadethroughsmall,consistentactions.(每次爬樓梯或短距離散步都會喚醒身體。健康不是在健身房一天就能練就的——它是通過微小而持續的行動實現的)”可知，作者對健身有了新的認識和看法。A選項“現在我對健身有不同的看法”符合語境，能夠引出后文對健身的新理解。故選A。【20題詳析】根據上文“Simplyreplaceoneofyourusualsittingbreakswithjustasingleminuteofwalking,andyou’llbeamazedathowsmallactionscanreshapeyourphysicalvitality.(只需用一分鐘的步行代替你通常的一次坐著休息，你就會驚訝地發現，小小的行動就能重塑你的身體活力)”可推知，設空處是對這種微小行動重要性的進一步強調。B選項“每一步都很重要，無論它有多短！”符合語境，能夠總結上文強調微小行動的作用。故選B。第三部分語言運用（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填人空百處的最佳選項。Lastspring,ClaraandIteamedupforaschoolgeologyprojectstudyingunusualrockformationsonPineHill.____21____withnotebooksandbasictools,wesetoffeagerly,____22____thatthisadventurewouldteachusmorethanjustaboutrocks.Thefirsttwodayswentsmoothly.Wedrewstonepatternsandrecordedcolourvariations.Clara’sartisticabilities____23____wellwithmysystematicdatacollectionskills.However,onWednesdaymorning,____24____struck.Whileclimbingtoourusualobservationspot,Itripped,sendingourmeasurement____25____rollingdownthehillside.Myheartsankaswewatchedouronlycompass(指南針)disappearintothickbushes.“Withoutthosetools...”Isaid,frustrationchokingmyvoice.“Wait,”Clarainterrupted,____26____theafternoonshadowsstretchingacrosstherocks.“RememberwhatMr.Evanstaughtaboutusingnaturalmarkers?”Hereyeslitupwitha(n)____27____.Wespenttheafternoon____28____ClaratrackedshadowlengthswhileIcomparedrocklayers.Whenshadowsproved____29____,weusedfern(蕨類植物)growthpatternsasdirectionalguides.Sometimeswearguedaboutmethods,but____30____ourapproachescametogetherlikebuildingblocks.ByFriday,we’dcreateda(n)____31____mappingsystemusingnature’sclues.Ourfinalpresentationsurprisedeveryone.Theteachers____32____ourcreativemethod,buttherealrewardwasdiscoveringhowdifferentideascombinedtocreate____33____.Thatevening,Clarashowedmeherprojectjournal.Besiderocksketches,she’dwritten:“Stonessurvivestormsthrough____34____.Sodogoodteams.”Ismiled,realizingourrockychallengehadtaughtusavaluablelesson:thestrongest____35____doesn’tlieinmountains,butinteamwork.21.A.Armed B.Burdened C.Linked D.Rewarded22.A.proud B.doubtful C.unaware D.worried23.A.developed B.balanced C.replaced D.competed24.A.conflict B.disaster C.chance D.inspiration25.A.ropes B.books C.notes D.tools26.A.pointingat B.markingdown C.runningafter D.blockingout27.A.idea B.surprise C.secret D.promise28.A.reflecting B.experimenting C.planning D.wandering29.A.helpful B.dangerous C.unreliable D.interesting30.A.suddenly B.occasionally C.frequently D.gradually31.A.interactive B.imaginary C.alternative D.advanced32.A.tested B.improved C.selected D.praised33.A.connections B.stories C.solutions D.presentations34.A.luck B.unity C.silence D.speed35.A.foundation B.argument C.desire D.system【答案】21.A22.C23.B24.B25.D26.A27.A28.B29.C30.D31.C32.D33.C34.B35.A【語篇導讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和克拉拉一起做一個學校地質項目，研究松樹山上不尋常的巖層。途中不慎弄丟了唯一的指南針，但是他們通過團隊合作利用大自然的線索創建了一個替代地圖系統，并得到了老師的贊揚。【21題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們帶著筆記本和基本的工具，急切地出發了，卻沒有意識到這次冒險教給我們的不僅僅是巖石。A.Armed帶有；B.Burdened負擔；C.Linked連接；D.Rewarded獎勵。根據上文“Lastspring,ClaraandIteamedupforaschoolgeologyprojectstudyingunusualrockformationsonPineHill.(去年春天，克拉拉和我合作完成了一個學校地質項目，研究松樹山上不尋常的巖層)”以及下文“withnotebooksandbasictools”可知，他們要去研究巖石，所以帶著筆記本和基本工具出發了。故選A。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們帶著筆記本和基本的工具，急切地出發了，卻沒有意識到這次冒險教給我們的不僅僅是巖石。A.proud驕傲的；B.doubtful懷疑的；C.unaware未意識到的；D.worried擔心的。根據下文“thisadventurewouldteachusmorethanjustaboutrocks.”可知，此處指他們出發的時候沒有意識到冒險教的不僅僅是巖石。故選C。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：克拉拉的藝術才能與我系統的數據收集技能很好地平衡在一起。A.developed發展；B.balanced平衡；C.replaced取代；D.competed比賽。根據上文“Thefirsttwodayswentsmoothly.Wedrewstonepatternsandrecordedcolourvariations.(頭兩天過得很順利。我們畫出石頭圖案，記錄顏色變化)”可知，前兩天很順利，說明克拉拉的藝術才能與作者系統的數據收集技能很好地平衡在一起。故選B。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在星期三早上，災難降臨了。A.conflict沖突；B.disaster災難；C.chance機會；D