專題17閱讀理解七選五(說明文)2023年Passage1【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】PersonalForgivenessTakingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.____16____Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”____17____Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.____18____Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.____19____Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.____20____We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.A.Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B.Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C.Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.D.It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E.Itdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat’shappenedorforgetit.F.Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G.Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.【答案】16.D17.B18.F19.C20.G【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章鼓勵人們練習自我寬恕，并提供了一個簡單的寫作練習來增強自信。通過列出個人的優點和善良的行為，人們可以學會原諒自己的錯誤，并從中成長?！?6題詳解】根據空前內容“Takingresponsibilityformistakesisapositivestep,butdon’tbeatyourselfupaboutthem.Toerr(犯錯)ishuman.(為錯誤承擔責任是積極的一步，但不要因此而自責。人孰能無過。)”可知，作者認為人都會犯錯，勇于承擔責任固然重要，但是也不要因此而過于自責。結合空后“Youcanusethefollowingwritingexercisetohelpyoudothis.(你可以使用下面的寫作練習來幫助你做到這一點。)”中的“dothis”以及下文內容可推斷，空處應該內容和“不要太自責”相似。選項D“It’sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.(寬恕自己也同樣重要。)”與“不要太自責”語意相近，起承上啟下的作用。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據空前內容“Inajournaloronapieceofpaper,puttheheading“Personalstrengths.”(在日記或紙上寫上“個人優點”。)”以及空后內容“Areyoucaring?Creative?Generous?Agoodlistener?Funtobearound?Theydon’thavetobeworld-changing,justaspectsofyourpersonalitythatyou’reproudof.(你有愛心嗎？有創造力嗎？你慷慨嗎？是一個好的傾聽者？與人相處很有趣嗎？它們不一定要改變世界，只要你個性中讓你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空處指的是列出一些你個性中的優點。選項B“Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.(現在列出所有你喜歡的自己身上的特點。)”符合上下文內容，下文內容具體解釋那些是優點。故選B?！?8題詳解】根據上文內容“Atthetopofasecondpage,puttheheading“Actsofkindness.”Onthisone,listallthepositivethingsyou’vedoneforothers.Itmightbethetimewhenyouhelpedafriendwiththeirhomework,whenyoudidtheironingwithoutbeingasked,orwhenyoubakedcookiesafterthefamilyhadhadatiringday.(在第二頁的頂部，寫上“善舉”的標題。在這張單子上，列出你為別人做過的所有積極的事情。它可能是當你幫助朋友做作業的時候，當你沒有被要求卻主動熨衣服的時候，或者當你在家人累了一天之后烤餅干的時候。)”可知，本段主要講述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。選項F“Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.(不管是什么，不管它看起來有多小，都要把它寫下來。)”與上文內容一致，講述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都記下來。故選F。【19題詳解】根據空后內容“Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.(這樣，你們就可以交換意見，談談是什么讓你們每個人都與眾不同，以及你們個性中閃光的方面。)”可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。選項C“Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.(他們甚至可能想試一試做練習。)”符合語境，C項中的“they”與空前的“Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.(你可以讓朋友或家人幫你增加你的列表內容。)”中的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時選項C和下文“Infact,don’twaituntilyou’vemadeamistaketotrythis—it’sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.(事實上，不要等到你犯了錯誤才去嘗試這個——這是一個在任何時候都能增強自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故選C。【20題詳解】根據空前內容“It’ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it’strue.(大多數人不是從他們的成功中學習，而是從他們的錯誤中學習，這是陳詞濫調。但事實是，這是真的。)”可知，作者認為人是從錯誤中學習。選項G“Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.(不管你犯了什么錯誤，記住這不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合語境，G項中的“isn’tafixedaspectofyourpersonality”和空后內容“We’reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.(我們一直在改變和學習，錯誤是一種積極的發展和成長的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯錯并不是性格中固有的一面，我們是通過錯誤來成長。故選G。Passage2【2023年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Asanartistwhosharesherjourneyonsocialmedia,I’moftenaskedbycuriousfollowershowtobeginanartjourney.Unfortunately,thereisnomagiclistIcanoffer.Idoremember,though,whatitwasliketobeacompletebeginner.SoI’veputtogethersomegoodtipsforstartinganartjourney.·Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.___16___You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.·Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.___17___·Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.___18___Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.Welcometotheclub；we’veallbeenthere.Ilovetakingonchallenges.Ioncetookupachallengetocreateapaintingeverydayforamonthandposttheworksonline.·___19___Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.___20___Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.AGetoutofyourcomfortzone.B.Makecareerplansandsetgoals.C.Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.D.Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.E.You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.F.Evaluateyourperformanceand,ifneeded,redefineyourrole.G.You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.【答案】16.C17.G18.A19.D20.E【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章介紹了了一些開始藝術之旅的好建議?！?6題詳解】根據前文“Startsmall.Isuggestusingasketchbook(素描本)forsmallstudies.Thesesmallstudiesprovideinspirationandmaybeaspringboardformorecomplexworksinthefuture.(從小開始。我建議使用一個素描本進行小規模的學習和實踐。這些小的學習和實踐可以提供靈感，并成為未來更復雜的作品的跳板)”以及后文“You’llwanttolookbackonyourjourneytoseehowfaryou’vecome.(你會想要回顧一下自己的藝術之旅，看看自己已經取得多少進步)”可知，空處應是一個過渡句，從給出建議使用一個素描本進行小規模的學習和實踐，到回顧自己的藝術之旅，所以C項“Don’tthrowawayyourbeginnerart.(不要扔掉你的初學時的藝術作品)”符合文意，和后文形成順承關系。故選C項?！?7題詳解】分析設空處，位于段尾，是對本段總結，根據前文“Paintoftenandpaintfromlife.There’snobetterwaytoimprovethantoputinthosebrushmiles.Whetheryoupaintstilllifes,portraits,orlandscapes,paintfromlifeasmuchaspossible.(經常作畫，且從生活中作畫。沒有什么比不斷練習更能提高你的藝術水平了。無論你是繪制靜物、肖像還是風景，都要盡可能地從真實生活中去觀察和繪制)”可知，本段主要講述不斷練習繪畫，所以G項“You’lldevelopthatpaintingmusclememorythatonlycomeswithrepetition.(你會逐漸形成只有通過反復練習才能獲得的繪畫肌肉記憶)”是對前文的總結。故選G項?！?8題詳解】分析設空處，空處位于第二句，此處應是對前一句的進一步解釋，并同時引出后文，根據前文“Continuallychallengeyourselftotrysomethingnew.(不斷挑戰自己，嘗試新事物)”以及后文“Artisticgrowthcanbeabitpainful.(藝術的成長可能會有點痛苦)”可知，A項“Getoutofyourcomfortzone.(走出你的舒適區)”是對前句的進一步說明，和后文構成順承關系。故選A項?！?9題詳解】分析設空處，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根據后文“Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.Ipostmyworkonsocialmediaand,inturn,havemetsomeofthekindestpeople.Theymakemefeelvaluedandrespected,nomattermylevelofartisticability.(尋求并接受有建設性的反饋對于你的成長非常重要。我在社交媒體上發布我的作品，并因此結識了一些最友好的人。無論我的藝術水平如何，他們都讓我感到受到了重視和尊重)”可知，本段主要講述了是分享自己的作品，所以D項“Shareyourworkifyoufeelcomfortabledoingso.(如果你感覺舒適的話，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故選D項?！?0題詳解】分析設空處，空處位于第二句，此處應是對前一句的進一步解釋，并同時引出后文，根據前文“Thejourneyyou’reonwon’tfollowastraightpath.(你的旅程不會是一條筆直的道路)”以及后文“Pushthrough,giveittimeandputintheeffort.Youwillharvesttherewardsofanartisticlife.(堅持下去，給它時間，付出努力。你將收獲藝術生活的回報)”可知，E項“You’llhitroadblocks,andyou’llfeeldiscouragedattimes.(你會遇到障礙，有時你會感到氣餒)”是對前句的進一步說明，和后文構成順承關系。故選E項。Passage3【2023年全國乙卷】Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.____16____,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.____17____.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“____18____.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.____19____.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“____20____,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A.AllplantsaredifferentB.NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC.TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebestF.ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】16.B17.D18.C19.E20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了什么是室內植物、室內植物帶來的好處及你能種植哪些室內植物。【16題詳解】根據下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強記憶力來促進人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進關系，構成notonly…but“不僅……而且……”結構。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它們不僅看起來很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選B。【17題詳解】根據上文“Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.(這些品種中的許多都不適合在英國戶外生長，尤其是在冬天)”可知，有些植物不適合在戶外寒冷的環境中生長，即適合在溫暖的地方生長。由此可知，D.Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmer(相反，它們在溫暖的室內生長得更好)能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據下文“Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.(我發現在冬天的幾個月里，房子周圍的植物真的能提升你的情緒)”可知，室內植物對人有好處。由此可知，C.Therearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoors(在室內種植植物有很多好處)能夠銜接下文，符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據上文“Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通過去除二氧化碳等有害氣體來凈化周圍的空氣。它們還能去除油漆或烹飪中的一些有害化學物質)”可知，盆栽植物能夠清除有害物質。由此可知，E.Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’stongueareamongthebest(像和平百合和魔芋之類的植物是最好的)能夠承接上文，列舉了在這方面做的最好的植物，符合語境。故選E。【20題詳解】根據上文“Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature-whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.(年輕的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它們成熟時照顧它們——這是擁有植物的樂趣之一)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G.Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding(了解每種植物的需求是非常有益的)能夠承接上文，同時引起下文，下文“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”(它可以為人們的生活帶來新的興趣和焦點，并有助于建立家庭與自然之間的聯系。)”具體介紹了了解每種植物的需求的好處。故選G。Passage4【2023年全國甲卷】TricksToBecomingAPatientPersonHere’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?Thereisoneanswer.___16___.IntheDigitalAge,we’reusedtohavingwhatweneedimmediatelyandrightatourfingertips.However,researchsuggeststhatifwepracticedpatience,we’dbeawholelotbetteroff.Hereareseveraltricks.●Practicegratitude(感激)Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.___17___.“Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.●MakeyourselfwaitInstantgratification(滿足)mayseemlikethemost“feelgood”optionatthetime,butpsychologyresearchsuggestswaitingforthingsactuallymakesushappierinthelongrun.Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.___18___.Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.You’llsoonfindthatthemorepatienceyoupractice,themoreyoustarttoapplyittoother,moreannoyingsituations.●___19___.Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself,“___20___.”You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.A.FindyourcausesB.StartwithsmalltasksC.AccepttheuncomfortableD.AllthisaddsuptoastateofhurryE.ItcanalsohelpuspracticemorepatienceF.Thisismerelyuncomfortable,notintolerableG.They’reallsituationswherewecouldusealittleextrapatience【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.C20.F【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了變得耐心的一些方法?！?6題詳解】根據上文“Here’sariddle:Whatdotrafficjams,longlinesandwaitingforavacationtostartallhaveincommon?There’soneanswer.(這里有一個謎語：交通堵塞、排長隊和等待假期開始有什么共同之處？答案只有一個)”可知，本句說明上文謎語的答案，結合“交通堵塞、排長隊和等待假期”這些情況可知都需要耐心。故G選項“在這些情況下，我們都需要一點額外的耐心”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據上文“Thankfulnesshasalotofbenefits:Researchshowsitmakesushappier,lessstressedandevenmoreoptimistic.(感恩有很多好處：研究表明，感恩讓我們更快樂，壓力更小，甚至更樂觀)”以及后文““Showingthankfulnesscanfosterself-control,”saidYeLi,researcherattheUniversityofCalifornia.(加州大學的研究員葉麗說：“表達感激可以培養自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的諸多好處，可知本句繼續說明感恩的好處：它還可以幫助我們練習更多的耐心。E選項中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E選項“它還可以幫助我們練習更多的耐心”符合語境，故選E。【18題詳解】根據上文“Andtheonlywayforustogetintothehabitofwaitingistopractice.(我們養成等待習慣的唯一方法就是練習)”以及后文“Putoffwatchingyourfavoriteshowuntiltheweekendorwait10extraminutesbeforegoingforthatcake.(把你最喜歡的節目推遲到周末再看，或者多等10分鐘再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列舉的事情都是日常的小事，說明要從小事開始練習等待，故B選項“從小任務開始”符合語境，故選B。【19題詳解】根據本段內容“Somanyofushavethebeliefthatbeingcomfortableistheonlystatewewilltolerate,andwhenweexperiencesomethingoutsideofourcomfortzone,wegetimpatientaboutthecircumstances.(我們中的許多人都認為舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態，當我們經歷舒適區之外的事情時，我們會對環境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒適是我們唯一能容忍的狀態，結合前文的小標題都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨與接受不舒適相關，C選項中uncomfortable對應后文comfortable。故C選項“接受不舒服”符合語境，故選C?！?0題詳解】根據上文“Youshouldlearntosaytoyourself(你應該學會對自己說……)”以及后文“You’llthengraduallybecomemorepatient.(然后你會逐漸變得更有耐心)”結合本段主要說明的是不舒服的狀態，可知，本句為對自己所說的話與接受不舒服相關，故F選項“這僅僅是不舒服，而不是無法忍受”符合語境，故選F。Passage5【2023年北京卷】It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____35____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____36____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____37____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.____38____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult？Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____39____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.【答案】35.D36.F37.G38.B39.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何選擇高校提供了一些建議。【35題詳解】根據空前內容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(對于美國的學生和他們的家人來說，這是一年中既快樂又緊張的時刻，因為他們要決定去哪里上大學。家庭經常求助于排名系統來幫助做決定。)”可知，美國的學生和家人們在決定去哪兒上大學時，經常求助于排名系統。而根據下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學的課程在教學方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學的課程。)”可推斷出，本文主要講述的是排名方面出現的問題。選項D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一個關鍵因素：教學質量。)”延續上文內容，指出大學排名存在的問題；而根據下文內容也可以推斷，排名中存在的問題是教學質量被忽略。故選D?！?6題詳解】根據空前內容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作為一名研究高等教育的學者，當我與一些家庭交談時，他們常常驚訝地發現，優秀的教學水平并沒有被納入排名。)”可知，大學排名中優秀的教學水平并沒有被納入排名讓人們覺得很驚訝。選項F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.(更讓他們驚訝的是，大學竟然低估了教學的價值。)”延續上文內容，指的都是大學排名忽略教學質量。其中“moresurprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故選F?！?7題詳解】空前內容“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名較低的大學的課程在教學方面的平均得分高于排名較高的大學的課程。)”以及空后內容“Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.(考慮到高質量教學與學生成功之間的聯系，排名中沒有優秀教學令人驚訝。優質教學是衡量大學成績的最重要因素之一。)”講述的都是大學排名中沒有考慮到教學。選項G“Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.(事實上，大學經常把重點從教學轉移到其他排名因素上。)”與上下文內容相一致，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據空前內容“Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注冊)orfunding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中對教學重視程度較低的一個原因。管理者通常不會將卓越的教學視為增加入學率或資金的一種方式。)”可知，上文分析了教學不被納入排名的原因，該空應該講其后果。選項B“Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.(因此，它在招聘或晉升中不受重視。)”是上文內容的延續，正因為管理人員通常不把卓越的教學視為增加入學率或增加資金的一種方式，所以教學在招聘和晉升中不受重視。故選B。【39題詳解】根據下文內容“Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.(盡管如此，在擁有高質量教學的學校獲得更多資源、更高排名和增加入學人數之前，不會有太大變化。從長遠來看，大學、學校排名組織和其他機構應該努力使教學成為使命的一個有價值的核心部分。)”可知，作者認為想要強調教學質量還需要更多努力。根據“Nevertheless”可知，空處內容和下文內容存在轉折關系。選項C“Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.(高質量的教學一直是建立聲譽的重要因素。)”強調了高質量教學的重要性，而下文則話題一轉，指出了高質量教學的難處。故選C。2022年閱讀理解七選五(說明文)Passage1【2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“___16___”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.___17___Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.___18___Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.___19___Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.___20___Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.G20.F【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何找到一個一起鍛煉的伙伴?！?6題詳解】根據前文“FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartne.”Onereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”(《健身雜志》最近刊登了一篇題為《感謝健身伙伴的五個理由》的文章。一個理由是：“如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就會去鍛煉。”)”可知，這里陳述另一個和別人一起鍛煉的理由。所以選擇項C“You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.(如果你和別人一起訓練，你會更努力。)”符合上下文語境。故選C。【17題詳解】根據前文“Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.(首先，決定你想從那個人身上得到什么。)”和后文“Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?(或者你只是想要身體健康，能夠移動的力量和靈活性?)”可知，這里是一個問句，反問自己結伴鍛煉的目的。所以選擇項D“Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?(你想在你最喜歡的運動項目上成為更好的運動員嗎?)”符合上下文語境。故選D?！?8題詳解】根據前文“Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.(你可能會考慮在社交媒體上發布你想要的東西，但可能不會得到有用的回應。)”和后文“Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.(如果你打算在健身房鍛煉，那個人一定是同一個健身房的。)”可知，尋找的鍛煉伙伴要具有便利性的特點。所以選擇項B“Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.(鍛煉伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文語境。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據前文“Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.(我的搭檔把她的要求貼在了當地公園的布告欄上。她的注意事項包括她想要做什么樣的鍛煉，每周多少天，每次培訓要花多少小時，以及她的年齡。它還列出了她最喜歡的運動和活動，并提供了她的電話號碼。)”可知，本段作者以自己的鍛煉伙伴為例，說明尋找鍛煉伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以選擇項G“Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.(任何鍛煉伙伴的布告都應包括這些信息。)”符合上下文語境。故選G。【20題詳解】根據前文“Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.(你和你的伴侶可能有不同的技能。)”和后文“Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit--yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.(久而久之，你們雙方都會受益——你的伴侶會舉起更多的重量，你也會變得更健康。)”可知，要學會求同存異，一起合作，共同提高。所以選擇項F“Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.(接受你們的不同，學會彼此合作。)”符合上下文語境。故選F。Passage2【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbemadeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.___16___Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.___17___Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechniquewon’tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.___18___Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadachesandawastepaperbasketfullofcrumpled(弄皺)paper.Thinkofyourfirstdraftasapathcutoutofthejungle—aspartofanexploration,notasacompletehighway.Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.___19___Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.___20___Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.【答案】16D17.B18.E19.F20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是寫文章的技巧?！?6題詳解】空格處是本段的主題句，由空后的“Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwritenonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.(當你第一次想寫一篇文章的時候，把筆放在紙上，不間斷地寫10到15分鐘，不要讓筆離開紙。)”可知，本段主要講的是要學會不間斷地寫，D選項“Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.(首先，學習不間斷寫作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要內容，可作為主題句，故選D?！?7題詳解】空前說“Staylooseandfree.(保持寬松和自由。)”，空后說“Don’tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.(不要擔心語法和拼寫。)”，因此空格處應說按心里想的寫，自由發揮，B選項“Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.(讓你的筆跟隨思想的波浪。)”說明了按自己的思路和想法來寫，因此承上啟下，符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳解】空前說“Thenexttechniqueistowriteyourdraftrapidlywithoutworryingaboutbeingperfect.(下一個技巧是快速寫草稿，不要擔心是否完美。)”，空后說“Yet,bylearningtolivewithimperfection,youwillsaveyourselfheadac