2025年荷蘭留學英語考試（IELTS）學術類閱讀模擬試卷（海洋工程科研文獻剖析）一、閱讀理解要求：根據文章內容，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。1.OceanEngineeringandSustainableCoastalManagementTherapidcoastaldevelopmentandpopulationgrowthinthelastfewdecadeshaveputtremendouspressureonthenaturalenvironmentofcoastalareas.Oceanengineeringplaysacrucialroleinsustainablecoastalmanagementbyprovidingsolutionstomitigatetheimpactofhumanactivitiesontheenvironment.ThefollowingisanextractfromaresearchpaperpublishedintheJournalofOceanEngineering.Readtheextractcarefullyandanswerthequestionsbelow.OceanEngineeringandSustainableCoastalManagement1.Themainobjectiveofoceanengineeringincoastalmanagementisto:A.Minimizethecostofcoastalconstructionprojects.B.Ensuretheprotectionofcoastalecosystems.C.Increasethetourismrevenueofcoastalregions.D.Developnewmethodsforbeachnourishment.2.Accordingtothepassage,coastaldevelopmentandpopulationgrowthhaveresultedin:A.Increasedsealevelrise.B.Reducedbiodiversityincoastalareas.C.Improvedlivingstandardsforcoastalcommunities.D.Decreasedcoastalerosion.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTasolutionprovidedbyoceanengineeringforsustainablecoastalmanagement?A.Constructingseawallstoprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.B.Implementingcoastalzoningregulationstominimizeenvironmentalimpact.C.Developingrenewableenergysourcessuchaswaveenergytoreducecarbonemissions.D.Removingmangroveforeststocreatemorelandforcoastaldevelopment.二、完形填空要求：閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Thedevelopmentofcoastalareashasalwaysbeenachallengingtaskduetovariousfactorssuchasenvironmentaldegradation,climatechange,andpopulationgrowth.Toaddressthesechallenges,oceanengineeringhasemergedasavitalfieldthataimstoprovidesustainablesolutionsforcoastalmanagement.Inthisarticle,wewilldiscusssomekeyaspectsofoceanengineeringanditsapplicationsinsustainablecoastalmanagement.1.Theauthormentionsthatcoastalareasarefacingvariouschallengesdueto:A.Increasedtourismrevenue.B.Populationgrowthandcoastaldevelopment.C.Improvedlivingstandards.D.Decreasedcoastalerosion.2.Accordingtothepassage,oceanengineeringplaysacrucialrolein:A.Minimizingthecostofcoastalconstructionprojects.B.Ensuringtheprotectionofcoastalecosystems.C.Developingnewmethodsforbeachnourishment.D.Removingmangroveforeststocreatemorelandforcoastaldevelopment.3.Theauthorstatesthatoceanengineeringprovidessustainablesolutionsforcoastalmanagementby:A.Constructingseawallstoprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.B.Implementingcoastalzoningregulationstominimizeenvironmentalimpact.C.Developingrenewableenergysourcessuchaswaveenergytoreducecarbonemissions.D.Removingmangroveforeststocreatemorelandforcoastaldevelopment.4.Thepassagementionsthatoneofthekeyaspectsofoceanengineeringis:A.Coastalzoningregulations.B.Mangroveforestremoval.C.Sustainablecoastalmanagement.D.Theconstructionofseawalls.5.Accordingtothepassage,oceanengineeringisimportantfor:A.Protectingcoastalecosystems.B.Minimizingthecostofcoastalconstructionprojects.C.Increasingtourismrevenue.D.Developingnewmethodsforbeachnourishment.四、詞匯理解要求：根據文章內容，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。6.Theresearchteamhassuccessfullydevelopedanewtechnologythatcaneffectively___________theimpactofcoastalerosion.A.reduceB.enhanceC.eliminateD.ignore7.Coastalengineersarenowutilizingadvancedmodelingtechniquesto___________thepotentialrisksassociatedwithclimatechange.A.predictB.analyzeC.ignoreD.minimize8.Thegovernmenthasallocatedsignificantfundingto___________coastalinfrastructuretowithstandfuturestorms.A.upgradeB.degradeC.constructD.remove9.Sustainablecoastalmanagementrequiresabalancedapproachthatconsidersbotheconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection,whichisoftenachallenging___________.A.taskB.solutionC.technologyD.model10.Thestudydemonstratesthatcertaintypesofcoastalvegetationcanactasnatural___________againststormsurgesanderosion.A.barriersB.modelsC.solutionsD.barriers五、句子改錯要求：在下列各句中找出錯誤的地方，并改正。11.Oceanengineeringtechniqueshavebeendevelopedtominimizetheimpactofhumanactivitiesoncoastalecosystems.改正：Oceanengineeringtechniqueshavebeendevelopedto**mitigate**theimpactofhumanactivitiesoncoastalecosystems.12.Theuseofseawallsandbreakwatershasbeenwidelyadoptedtoprotectcoastalcommunitiesfromtheeffectsofstorms.改正：Theuseofseawallsandbreakwatershasbeenwidely**accepted**toprotectcoastalcommunitiesfromtheeffectsofstorms.13.Sustainablecoastalmanagementrequiresacombinationoftechnologicalinnovationsandeffectivepolicies.改正：Sustainablecoastalmanagementrequiresacombinationof**technological**innovationsandeffectivepolicies.14.Coastalengineersmustconsiderthelong-termconsequencesoftheirprojectsontheenvironmentandsociety.改正：Coastalengineersmustconsiderthe**long-term**consequencesoftheirprojectsontheenvironmentandsociety.15.Theresearchfindingshighlighttheimportanceofincorporatingclimatechangeprojectionsintocoastalplanninganddesign.改正：Theresearchfindings**emphasize**theimportanceofincorporatingclimatechangeprojectionsintocoastalplanninganddesign.六、簡答題要求：根據文章內容，簡要回答以下問題。16.Whatarethemainchallengesfacedbycoastalareasduetorapidcoastaldevelopmentandpopulationgrowth?17.Howdoesoceanengineeringcontributetosustainablecoastalmanagement?18.Whataresomeofthekeyaspectsofoceanengineeringthatarementionedinthearticle?19.Whyisitimportanttoconsiderbotheconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotectioninsustainablecoastalmanagement?20.Howcancoastalvegetationhelpinprotectingcoastalareasfromstormsurgesanderosion?本次試卷答案如下：一、閱讀理解1.B.Ensuretheprotectionofcoastalecosystems.解析：根據文章第一段，海洋工程在沿海管理中的主要目標是減輕人類活動對環境的影響，因此保護沿海生態系統是其主要目標。2.B.Reducedbiodiversityincoastalareas.解析：文章第一段提到，快速的城市化和人口增長對沿海地區的自然環境造成了巨大的壓力，這通常會導致沿海地區生物多樣性的減少。3.D.Removingmangroveforeststocreatemorelandforcoastaldevelopment.解析：根據文章第二段，海洋工程提供的解決方案包括建設海堤、實施沿海區劃法規、開發可再生能源等，而砍伐紅樹林以創造更多土地用于沿海開發并不是海洋工程提供的解決方案。二、完形填空1.B.Populationgrowthandcoastaldevelopment.解析：根據文章第一段，沿海地區面臨的挑戰包括環境退化、氣候變化和人口增長，這些都是由于人口增長和沿海發展造成的。2.B.Ensuringtheprotectionofcoastalecosystems.解析：根據文章第二段，海洋工程作為一個重要領域，旨在為沿海管理提供可持續的解決方案，其中包括保護沿海生態系統。3.A.Constructingseawallstoprotectcoastalareasfromstorms.解析：根據文章第三段，海洋工程提供了一些解決方案，如建設海堤以保護沿海地區免受風暴的影響。4.C.Sustainablecoastalmanagement.解析：根據文章第四段，海洋工程的一個關鍵方面是可持續的沿海管理。5.A.Protectingcoastalecosystems.解析：根據文章第五段，海洋工程的重要性在于保護沿海生態系統。四、詞匯理解6.A.reduce解析：根據上下文，需要找到一個表示“減少”的詞，因此“reduce”是正確答案。7.A.predict解析：根據上下文，需要找到一個表示“預測”的詞，因此“predict”是正確答案。8.A.upgrade解析：根據上下文，需要找到一個表示“升級”的詞，因此“upgrade”是正確答案。9.A.task解析：根據上下文，需要找到一個表示“任務”的詞，因此“task”是正確答案。10.A.barriers解析：根據上下文，需要找到一個表示“屏障”的詞，因此“barriers”是正確答案。五、句子改錯11.將“minimize”改為“mitigate”。解析：此處需要表達的是減輕影響，而不是最小化影響。12.將“adopted”改為“accepted”。解析：此處需要表達的是廣泛接受，而不是采用。13.將“technological”改為“technological”。解析：此處已經使用了正確的形容詞“technological”。14.將“consequences”改為“consequences”。解析：此處已經使用了正確的名詞“consequences”。15.將“highlight”改為“emphasize”。解析：此處需要表達的是強調，而不是突出。六、簡答題16.答案：Themainchallengesfacedbycoastalareasduetorapidcoastaldevelopmentandpopulationgrowthincludeenvironmentaldegradation,climatechange,andlossofbiodiversity.17.答案：O