.3-Developingideas課后培優練一、根據首字母單詞拼寫或者漢語意思寫出單詞的正確形式。1．Doyouhaveenough__________(證據)toprovethatyouareright?【答案】evidence【詳解】考查名詞。句意：你有足夠的證據證明你是對的嗎？故填evidence。2．Onenation’s________(政治)arelikelytobecloselylinkedwithitseconomicconditions.【答案】politics【詳解】考查名詞。句意：一個國家的政治很可能與經濟條件緊密相連。根據單詞提示“政治”，且做主語，應填名詞形式，故填politics。3．AsFrancisBacononcesaid,“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobe__________(咀嚼)anddigested.”（【答案】chewed【詳解】考查動詞。句意：培根曾說過：“有些書可以淺嘗即止；有些書可以狼吞虎咽；而有些書則需要細嚼慢咽，好好消化。”somefew與chew之間為被動關系，根據be動詞可知，用動詞的過去分詞形式。根據漢語提示及句意，故填chewed。4．Itwilldrawyouandyourteammemberscloser,anditwillstrengthentheb________ofyourrelationship.【答案】bond/ond【詳解】考查名詞。句意：它會使你和你的隊友更加親密，而且它會加強你們聯系的紐帶。根據句意和首字母可知，此處表示“紐帶，聯系”，抽象概念，不可數，故填bond。5．Thelatestfindingswillhavefar-reachingc________notonlyfortheresearchersbutalsoforthesocietyasawhole.【答案】consequences/onsequences【詳解】考查名詞。句意：最新的研究結果不僅對研究人員有深遠影響，而且對整個社會也有深遠影響。根據單詞首字母以及句意“影響，結果”可知應填名詞consequence，作賓語，前文沒有冠詞，應用復數形式。故填consequences。二、單據語法填空。1．Chewingtoofastcancauseyou_________(swallow)toomuchair.【答案】toswallow【詳解】考查不定式。句意：嚼得太快會讓你吞下很多空氣。根據causesb.todosth.“導致某人做某事”可知，此處應用不定式作賓補。故填toswallow。2．Theyaresosimilarthatpeoplefinditdifficulttodistinguishtherealoilpainting________thefakeone.【答案】from【詳解】考查固定用法。句意：它們如此相似以至于人們覺得很難把真的油畫和假的區分開來。distinguishsth.fromsth.表示“把……與……區分開”，為固定用法。故填from。3．Ican’tinviteyoutodinnerthisweekendasI________(paint)myhouseatthattime.【答案】willbepainting【詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：這個周末我不能請你吃飯了，因為那時我要粉刷房子。根據時間狀語“thisweekend”和“atthattime”可知，此處表示將來一段時間內正在發生的動作，故用將來進行時。故填willbepainting。4．Insomecountries,________iscalled“equality”doesnotreallymeanequalrightsofallpeople.【答案】what【詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：在一些國家，所謂的“平等”并不真的意味著所有人的權利平等。分析句子結構可知，______iscalled“equality”為主語從句，空處在從句中作主語，需用連接代詞what引導。故填what。5．Theman,from________Ilearnedthenews,isanengineerofaconstructioncompanyinShanghai.【答案】whom【詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這個人是上海一家建筑公司的工程師，我是從他那里得到這個消息的。分析句子結構可知，此處為定語從句，空處指代man在定語從句中作介詞from的賓語，應用關系代詞whom。故填whom。三、根據句意，選擇單詞或短語并以其適當形式填空。contributeto,inaddition,devoteoneselfto,belongto,backdown,thinkoutsidethebox,breaknewground,shineaspotlighton1．Thestudyalsoshowshowimportantitisto________domesticviolencegloballyandtreatitasamajorpublichealthissue.2．TolearnEnglishwell,youmustspeakandreadmore.________,youmustbuildupyourvocabulary.3．Muchfreshair________goodhealth.4．Sometimeswehaveto________andthenwecanachievegreatersuccessinthesamefield.5．Heforcedhisopponentto________.6．Theparentshave________bringinguptheirchildren.7．Allthepeople________theclubwillgettogetherattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.8．Thisbookwill________inthestudyofEnglishidioms.【答案】1．shineaspotlighton2．Inaddition3．contributesto4．thinkoutsidethebox5．backdown6．devotedthemselvesto7．belongingto8．breaknewground【詳解】1.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：這項研究還表明，在全球著重關注家庭暴力并將其作為一個重要的公共衛生問題對待是多么重要。根據句意可知，此處表示“著重關注”，應選固定搭配shineaspotlighton，且itis+形容詞+todo是固定句型，表示“做……是……”，所以此處動詞shine放在不定式后面，應用原形，故填shineaspotlighton。2.【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：要學好英語，你必須多說多讀。另外，你必須增加你的詞匯量。根據句意可知，此處表示“另外”，應選固定搭配inaddition，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫，故填Inaddition。3.考查固定搭配和時態。句意：多呼吸新鮮空氣有益健康。此處表示“有助于”，應選固定搭配contributeto，且句子描述的是客觀事實，應用一般現在時，主語是“air(空氣)”是不可數名詞，且為第三人稱，所以動詞contribute應用三單形式，故填contributesto。4.【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：有時我們必須跳出固有思維模式，才能在同一領域取得更大的成功。此處表示“跳出固有思維模式”，應選thinkoutsidethebox，且havetodo是固定用法，表示“不得不做某事”，所以應用動詞think的原形，故填thinkoutsidethebox。5.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：他迫使他的對手認輸。此處表示“認輸；放棄”，應選固定搭配backdown，且forcesb.todo是固定用法，表示“強迫某人做某事”，所以不定式后面應用動詞back的原形，故填backdown。6.【解析】考查固定搭配和時態。句意：父母一直盡心盡力地撫養孩子。此處表示“致力于做；全身心做”應選固定搭配devoteoneselfto，且主語是theparents(父母)，所以此處指“父母全身心撫養孩子”，應用themselves，由前面的have和句意可知，撫養孩子這一動作從過去持續到現在，所以應用現在完成時，動詞devote應用過去分詞形式，故填devotedthemselvesto。7.【解析】考查固定搭配和非謂語動詞。句意：所有俱樂部的人明天早上都在校門口聚集。此處表示“屬于”，應選固定搭配belongto，且分析句子結構可知，空處是非謂語動詞做后置定語，修飾people(人)，動詞belong和people二者之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式，故填belongingto。8.【解析】考查固定搭配和時態。句意：這本書將在英語習語的研究方面開辟新的天地。此處表示“開辟新天地”應選固定搭配breaknewground，且由前面的will和句意可知，句子描述的是將要發生的事，應用一般將來時，所以will后的動詞break應用原形，故填breaknewground。四、閱讀理解ATreeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofcontrollingclimatechange,becausetheyeffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere.Butitshouldbereconsideredbecausetreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey'realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay(腐爛)andreleasethatCO2back.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.RisingatmosphericCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossil(化石)fuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistofUK.Highlevelsofthisgasareincreasingtemperatures,whichdirectlyspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.Thefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystorecarbon.However,itisknownthatfast-growingtreespecies,ingeneral,liveshorterlivesthantheirslow-growingrelatives.Inordertoseewhetherthegrowth-lifespantrade-off(生長和壽命之間的權衡)isauniversalphenomenon,Brienenandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover210,000individualtreeringrecordsof110treespeciesfrommorethan70,000sitesworldwide."Bymeasuringtreerings'widths,onecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees'maximumlifespan,"Brienenexplained.Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.Earlyon,itshowedthat"theforestcouldholdmorecarbonasthetreesgrewfaster",Brienenreported.Butafter20years,thesetreesstarteddyingandlosingthisextracarbonagain."WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO2levelsistostopreleasingitintotheatmosphere,"saidBrienen.1．Whyshouldwereconsidertreesagainstclimatechange?A．BecausetreescanremoveCO2. B．BecausedeadtreesreleaseCO2.C．BecausetreescanreduceCO2. D．BecausetreescanholdontoCO2.2．Whichisthedirectreasonfortrees'fastergrowththanever?A．Risingtemperatures. B．LargerstorageofCO2.C．GrowingCO2intheair. D．Wideuseoffossilfuel.3．HowdoBrienenandhiscolleaguestellhowfasttreesgrew?A．Bymeasuringtreerings'widths. B．Bycountingtreerings'number.C．Byanalyzingtrees'length. D．Byrecordingtrees'lifespan.4．WhatistheeffectivewaytoreduceCO2levelsaccordingtoBrienen?A．Plantingmoretrees. B．Makingtreesgrowfaster.C．BanningCO2release. D．Controllingclimatechange.【答案】1．B2．A3．A4．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講的是最近的研究發現，世界各地的樹木正以前所未有的速度生長，樹木生長得越快，它們儲存碳的速度就越快，一旦死亡，就會腐爛并釋放出二氧化碳，因此我們需要重新考慮控制氣候變化的有效手段。1．【分析】推理判斷題。根據第一段的“Butitshouldbereconsideredbecausetreesonlyholdontocarbondioxideaslongasthey'realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay(腐爛)andreleasethatCO2back.(但這應該重新考慮，因為樹木只有在活著的時候才能吸收二氧化碳。樹木一旦死亡，就會腐爛并釋放出二氧化碳)”可知，我們應該重新考慮樹木對氣候變化的影響因為死樹會釋放二氧化碳。故選B。2．【分析】細節理解題。根據第二段的“Highlevelsofthisgasareincreasingtemperatures,whichdirectlyspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.(他補充說，高濃度的這種氣體使氣溫升高，直接加速了這些地區的樹木生長)”可知，樹木比以往任何時候都生長得更快的直接原因是氣溫上升。故選A。3．【分析】細節理解題。根據第四段的“Bymeasuringtreerings'widths,onecantellhowfasttreesgrew,whilecountingringsprovidesinformationontreeagesandallowsmakinginferencesabouttrees'maximumlifespan(通過測量樹木年輪的寬度，人們可以知道樹木的生長速度，而計算年輪可以提供樹木年齡的信息，并可以推斷樹木的最大壽命)”可知，Brienen和他的同事通過測量樹木年輪的寬度來判斷樹木的生長速度。故選A。4．【分析】細節理解題。根據最后一段的“WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO2levelsistostopreleasingitintotheatmosphere(我們必須明白，降低二氧化碳水平的唯一辦法是停止將其釋放到大氣中)”可知，根據Brienen的觀點，降低二氧化碳水平的有效方法是禁止釋放二氧化碳。故選C。BListeningtobirdsandwatercanlowerstressandimprovemood,studyfinds.Researchershavelongknowntherearebenefitsfrombeinginnature.Livingaroundtreescanhelpyoulivelonger.Walkinginthewoodsisgoodforyourmood.Beingnearwatercanhavepositiveeffectsonyourwell-being.Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.Thereisplentyofevidencethatspendingtimeinnaturalareasisgoodforourhealth-buttypicallythisresearchisdonefromavisualperspective,butwearecuriouswhattheroleisofsoundswehearinthesespaces.Someexamplestheyfoundreportedinthosestudiesincludeddecreasedpain,loweredstress,improvedmood,andbettercognitive(認知的)function.Withtheseresultsinhand,theythenlistenedtoaudiorecordingsfrom251sitesin68nationalparksacrosstheUnitedStates.Thesiteswiththemostnaturalsoundsandthelowestman-madesoundswerelocatedinAlaska,Hawaii,andthePacificNorthwestandwerefarfromurbanareas.Onlythreelocationswithhighnaturalsoundsandlownoisepollutionwerewithin100kilometers(62miles)ofurbanareas.However,despitehuman-madenoisesbeingheardmostofthetimeatsitesinurbanlocations,birdswerestillheardabout60%ofthetimeandgeophysicalsoundslikewindandrainheardabout19%ofthetime.Notallnaturalsoundsdeliverthesamebenefits,theresearchersfound.Forexample,theydiscoveredthatthesoundsofwaterhadthelargestimpactonimprovingpositiveemotionsandhealthoutcomes,whilebirdsoundseasestressandannoyance.Andthesoundsofbothbirdsandwaterwereheardmorethan23%ofthetimeinthenationalparkrecordingsites.Interestingly,therewasalsosomeevidencethatnaturalsoundshavebenefitsoversilence.Therewasalsoevidencethatmoredifferenttypesofnaturalsounds-moretypesofbirdssingingratherthanjustonetypeofbird-havebenefitsoverfewersounds.5．Whatisanidealsiteaccordingtoparagraph4?A．Ithasnonoisepollution.B．Itisawayfromcities.C．Ithasbirdsongsmostofthetime.D．Itiswithin62milesofurbanareas.6．Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A．Theharmman-madesoundsdotohealth.B．Thebenefitsnaturalsoundsbringtotheenvironment.C．Theeffectnaturalsoundshaveonhealth.D．Theeffectnaturehasonpeoplefromvisualperspective.7．Whatbringsmorebenefitstopeople?A．Thesilenceofnature.B．Thediversityofnaturalsounds.C．Thesoundsofwater.D．Naturalsoundsmixedwithnoises.8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ItIsBeneficialtoLiveClosetoWaterB．WeAreSurroundedbyAllKindsofSoundsC．TheSoundsofNatureAffectYourWell-beingD．Man-madeNoisePollutionIsHarmfultoOurHealth【答案】5．B6．C7．B8．C【分析】本文是一篇說明文。研究發現，聽鳥叫聲和水聲可以減輕壓力，改善情緒。研究人員早就知道置身于大自然中有好處，但一項新的研究發現，自然的聲音也對健康有益。5．【分析】細節理解題。根據第四段第一句“Thesiteswiththemostnaturalsoundsandthelowestman-madesoundswerelocatedinAlaska,Hawaii,andthePacificNorthwestandwerefarfromurbanareas.(自然聲音最多、人工聲音最低的地點位于阿拉斯加、夏威夷和太平洋西北部，遠離城市地區)”可知，聽自然聲音的理想地點都遠離城市地區。故選B。6．【分析】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.（一項新的研究發現，自然的聲音也對健康有益）”可知這項新研究的重點是自然聲音對健康的影響。故選C。7．【分析】細節理解題。根據最后一段第二句“Therewasalsoevidencethatmoredifferenttypesofnaturalsounds—moretypesofbirdssingingratherthanjustonetypeofbird—havebenefitsoverfewersounds.(也有證據表明，更多不同類型的自然聲音——更多類型的鳥類鳴叫，而不是只有一種鳥類鳴叫——比更少的聲音更有好處)”可知，自然聲音的多樣性能給我們帶來更多的好處。故選B。8．【分析】主旨大意題。本文是一篇說明文，第一段引出話題，第二段點明主題，根據第二段的第一句“Anewstudyfindsthatnaturalsoundsofferhealthbenefitstoo.(一項新的研究發現，自然的聲音也對健康有益)”及全文可知，文章談論的話題是大自然的聲音影響你的健康。所以“TheSoundsofNatureAffectYourWell-being(自然的聲音影響你的健康)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選C。五、閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。TheYouthOlympicGamesaretheyouthversionoftheOlympicGames.Youngathletes1．(age)between15and18competeinawiderangeofsports.The2．(major)ofthesesportsareidenticaltothoseattheOlympicsbutothersports,suchaswushu,3．(add)too.TheYouthOlympicGamesgivetalentedteenagersachance4．(connect)withfellowathletesfromdiversebackgrounds.Thefocusis5．buildingbridgesbetweendifferentcultures,sotherearecompetitions6．(feature)mixedteams,suchasmixedswimmingrelays.Inthesecompetitions,bothmaleandfemaleathletes,sometimesofdifferentnationalities,playsidebyside.ThefirstYouthOlympicGames7．(hold)inSingaporein2010,andChinarankedfirstinthemedaltablewith30goldmedals.In2014,Nanjinghad8．honourofhostingthesecondSummerYouthOlympicGames.ThiswasanothergreatsuccessandChina9．(top)themedaltableagain.Peopleacrosstheworldapplaudathletes10．tryhardtoachievesportingexcellence.【答案】1．aged2．majority3．havebeenadded4．toconnect5．on6．featuring7．wereheld8．the9．topped10．who/that【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了青少年奧林匹克運動會的比賽項目、運動員組成和中國運動員所取得的成就等