推理判斷解題技巧推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的線索和事實進行邏輯推理，推測作者未提到的事實或某事發(fā)生的可能性，將間接論據(jù)連貫起來，得出一個合理的結論。合理，就是論推理有事實根據(jù)，而不是讀者主觀臆斷的。推理判斷題常以infer，imply，suggest，conclude,learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等詞提問。提問中往往含有表示推測的情態(tài)動詞，如can，could，might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如probably，mostlikely等。方法：在理解原文表面信息的基礎上，做出判斷和推理。得出其隱含意義和深層意思。考查對閱讀材料全篇的邏輯關系的理解，對文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關系的理解能力。依據(jù)文章事實，得出得出符合邏輯的結論。陷阱：=1\*GB3①文章直接言明的內(nèi)容，這不是推斷出來的（凡是推斷題一定不選原文信息的同義表述）=2\*GB3②注意干擾項與文章內(nèi)容有細微區(qū)別。（推理判斷一定要合情合理，有理有據(jù)，依據(jù)事實，切不可主觀臆斷）=3\*GB3③察言觀色，依據(jù)作者所陳述的細節(jié)、事實以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語氣，找出能夠表露作者思想傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關知識進行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結論。1.細節(jié)推斷類細節(jié)推斷類多為推斷文章細節(jié)或作者觀點、態(tài)度，其常見設問方式如下所示：Fromthispassage,wecaninfer/know/learnthat__________.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?/Whatdoyouknowabout...?Thewriterprobablyagreesthat__________.細節(jié)推斷題實際考查的是對文章細節(jié)的理解，選項中只有1項與原文表述一致，其他3個選項均為對原文的錯誤表述。該類型題目可以用判斷正誤法來解。Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（減少）foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,（C選項對應原文）storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality（質(zhì)量）.（B選項對應原文）Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.（D選項對應原文）Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.（A選項對應原文）Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.問：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.2.邏輯推理法邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關系，對文章片段或全文進行深層理解來解答題目。常以時間關系、條件關系、因果關系、比較關系、轉折關系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)度等弦外之音。主要考查學生對文章細節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaroundyourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyourfriendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyoucanreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremakingprogress.Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare______.A.verynecessary B.nothelpfulatall C.veryboring D.notimportant觀點態(tài)度判定法觀點態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語氣或對某個細節(jié)的把握來推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來的態(tài)度，以及對事物的評價。主要考查學生對于作者陳述事件時所表達出的個人觀點態(tài)度的推斷能力。WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibilityintostudents'mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents'in-schoolexperiencesmoremeaningful.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?A.Hethinksit'sawasteoftime.B.Hethinksit'stheparents'job.C.Hecan'tunderstand.D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.語境推斷法（適用于推斷某句/某段的寫作目的）Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthattheformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation（適應）..Consider,forexample,hunting(打獵).Itseemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openinguptheopportunitytochangelivinghabits.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation—fromrocksandstonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalsoseemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthisverysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiologicaldevelopmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.問：Whydoesthewritertalkabout..huntinginParagraph3?A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans’struggleforlife.C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.5.主旨推斷法（適用于推斷整篇文章的寫作目的）APathway（路徑）toMeaninginLifeWhenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaningiswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors(因素):havinglong-termgoals,believingthatone’slifematters,andfeelingthatone’slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating(欣賞)suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheirownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation(EA).EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeingabletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife’sbeauty.WerecentlysetouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedtogeneraljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate(評估)theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefoundthatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife’sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglifeashighlymeaningful.Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas“Iappreciatethebeautyoflife”and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinlife,”aswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothethreefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthattheywere“appreciatinglife”anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerallyreportedhighEAinthosemoments.Alltheresultsprovedourtheory(假設)true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-pacedlifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocusonfutureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlifesurpriseus.問：Whatisthewriter’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.6.情景推斷類情景推斷題考查對文中重點論述的某個觀點/概念/方法的理解，選項一般為不同的生活情景，要求選出符合該觀點/概念/方法的情景。常見的設問方式如下所示：Youweremostprobablyin...conditionwhen__________.Youwillmostprobablyexperience...whenyou__________.Accordingtothewriter,wecan...by__________.情景推斷題考查的是文中重點論述的觀點/概念/方法，原文一般會使用概念解釋和示例來加以論述，因此可利用原文中的解釋和示例來找出選項中與之相符的情景。Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone’sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn’tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun”andwishtheywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.問：Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou______.A.buyexpensiveshoesB.orderadeliciousmealC.talkwithfriendsfornewideasD.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision7.文章出處判定法文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報紙、網(wǎng)絡等。主要考查學生對各種文章出處的特點和常識的掌握能力，以及對文章的體裁和題材的準確把握能力。Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearnedmoreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept(概念),youfoundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it'stimetochangethat.Justtakethefirststep.Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.A.astorybook B.anewspaper C.anadvertisement D.aguidebook8.讀者對象判定法讀者對象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對哪個群體閱讀的。主要考查學生的概括和推斷能力。Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying(網(wǎng)絡欺凌)?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don'treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Thispassageismainlywrittenfor______.A.teachers B.parents C.child D.thepolice9.論證方式判定法論證方式判定法，就是對文章提出的觀點舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀點，證明觀點的合理性。主要考查學生對題干的理解，及線索句的定位和理解能力。TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,Samsung(三星)CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyearsfromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit?sawashingmachineoravacuumcleaner(吸塵器).TheSamsungCEO’sspeechismentionedtoprove(證明)that____A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthingsD.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.10.篇章結構判定法篇章結構判定法，就是對文章整體的結構，或者段落中某事件的結構進行分析總結，常以排序或結構圖示等來考查。主要考查學生對整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,it’simportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingstodo.Forexample,inChina,it’sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn’tnoisyorlively,youmaythinkthere’ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.Inwesterncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,theyusuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesomemoneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleareexpectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscanmakealotofmoney!Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,justasthesayinggoes“WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?(①=Para.1②=Para.2③=Para.3④=Para.4)A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④一.[2024長沙三模]CEventhoughAfricanelephantsareprotected,manyofthemarestillbeingkilledfortheirivory.Attheendofthe1970s,over1.3millionelephantswalkedaroundAfrica,buttoday,thenumberhasfallentoaround500,000.Thisismainlycausedbyillegal（非法的）huntingforivory.Thedemandforivoryinmarkets,especiallyinAsiaandAfrica,continuestopushtheillegaltrade.Thishasresultedinthedeathsofatleast35,000Africanelephantseachyear.Ivory,alsoknownas“whitegold”,haslongbeenconsideredvaluable.Itsunusuallookhasledtoitsuseinlotsofexpensivethings,includingjewellery,musicalinstrumentsandart.Andtheivorymaterialitselfcanstandthetestoftime.Somanypeoplearewillingtopayahighpriceforivoryproducts.However,nomatterhowmuchrealivoryissoldfor,it’scertainlynotworththeharmtoelephants.That’swhysomescientistsareworkingtoachievethesamebeautyofivorywithoutkillinganyanimals.ThaddaaRathandherteamattheViennaUniversityofTechnologyhavecreatedtheivorycalled“Digory”.Thehigh-techivoryismadefromsyntheticresin（合成樹脂）andcalciumphosphateparticles（磷酸鈣顆粒）.It’sfirstformedintotheshapebya3Dprinter.Andthenitiscolor-matchedandcolored.Next,itispolished（拋光）tomakeitlooklikerealnaturalivory.AlthoughDigorylookssorealthatitishardtotellitfromrealivory,itschemicalstructureiscompletelydifferentfromthatoftherealone.FritzVollrath,abiologistwhoisagainstkillingelephantsforivory,feltexcitedabouttheinventionandspokehighlyofitforthefactthatDigorycouldsavemanyelephantsfromrisks.Scientistshavemadesomeachievements,butwestillneedtodomoreresearchtomakesurethattheyarewidelyused.It’sstillhopefulthatscientistsmaybeabletoprotectAfricanelephantsbymakinghigh-techmaterialstotaketheplaceofrealivory.1．Howdoestheauthorshowthedangeroussituationsofelephants?A.Bytellingastory.B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Byaskingaquestion.2．Whydomanypeoplewanttobuyivoryproductsathighprices?A.Foritscommonlook.B.Foritslonghistory.C.Foritshigh-qualitymaterial.3．Whatdoweknowaboutmaking“Digory”?①Itssteps.②Itstime.③Itsmaterials.④Itscost.A.①② B.③④ C.①③4．Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewith?A.Technologycantakehumans’placeincreatingart.B.ItisalmostimpossiblethatDigorywillbewidelyused.C.Theuseoftechnologycansupporttheprotectionofwildlife.二．[2024杭州一模]Manypeoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesthinkthattheycannotdoanysports.However,atAdaptiveOutdoorz,webelievethateveryonecandosports!Weteachdisabledpeoplewhitewaterrafting,skiing,snowboarding,andmanyotherexcitingoutdoorsports.Manydisabledpeopledon'tdoanysportsbecausetheythinkit'stoodangerousforthem.Theyareafraidthattheywillgethurt.However,inthepast12years,wehaveproved（證明）toourstudentsagainandagainthatthisisnottrue.Ourexcellentcoachesareverycarefulwhentheyteachdisabledpeople,soourstudentsarealwayssafe.Infact,manyofourcoacheshavedisabilities,too,sotheyreallyunderstandhowtheirstudentsfeel.Theyalsoknowthatmanypeoplewithdisabilitiesneednewchallengesintheirlives.Whenpeoplewithdisabilitiesreachtheirgoalssuccessfullybytryingsomethingnew,itisanexcitingexperienceforthem!Manystudentstellusthataftertheylearnedhowtodoanewsport,theydiscoveredthattheyfeltmuchmoreconfident,notonlyaboutdoingsports,butaboutallpartsoftheirlife.Hereiswhatthefatherofoneofourstudentssaidtous:“MywifeandIbothlovetoski.Sowhenourdaughterwasbornwithadisability,wethoughtthatunluckilyshecouldneverenjoythesportthatwelovesomuch.Whenshewassix,weheardaboutAdaptiveOutdoorz,andwedecidedtotakehertoyourskischoolforoneweek.Thiswasthebestdecisionweevermade!Welearnedthatwhenyourchildhasadisability,youhavetokeepteachinghertodonewandmoredifficultthings.Thisteachesherhowtotakearisk.Beingsuccessfulhelpshertobecomeastrongandhappyperson.Nowourdaughtersaysthatskiingiseasy,andshemakesuphermindtolearnhowtosnowboard!Thankyou,AdaptiveOutdoorz!”1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”refertoinParagraph1?A.It'stoodangerousfordisabledpeopletodosports.B.It'snotnecessarytoteachdisabledpeopletodosports.C.It'seasierfordisabledpeopletohurtothersduringsports.D.It'susefulfordisabledteacherstoteachdisabledchildren.2．What'stheadvantageofhavingdisabledcoachesinAdaptiveOutdoorz?A.Theyaremoreconfidentandcareful.B.Theyalwaysliketotrysomethingnew.C.Theycanunderstandtheirstudents'feelings.D.Theyarereallygoodatdoingoutdoorsports.3．HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinionaboutAdaptiveOutdoorzinthelastparagraph?A.Bytellingaregrettablestory.B.Byusingapersonalexperience.C.Byprovidingsomenumbers.D.Byquestioningsomefamousexperts.4．What'sAdaptiveOutdoorzaccordingtothepassage?A.Sportsclubsfordisabledcoachesandteachers.B.Trainingprogramsforparentswithdisabledchildren.C.Summercampsforchildrenwholoveoutdoorsports.D.Specialprogramsforchildrenandadultswithdisabilities.本文是一篇說明文，介紹了AdaptiveOutdoorz通過教授殘疾人戶外運動，幫助他們克服對運動的恐懼，增強自信心，享受生活。三．[2024長沙三模]BTheLastLeafisashortstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry,oneofthemostfamousshortstorywritersinhistory.Hisstoriesareknownfortheirsurprisingendings,nowcalled“O.Henryendings”.InthestoryofTheLastLeaf,SueandJoannaaretwoartistslivinginNewYorkCity.Unfortunately,Joannaisillandwillprobablydie.Inanapartment,somethingtouchingandunexpectedhappens.Let’sfindoutmoreinthefollowingexcerpt（節(jié)選）.Suelookedoutofthewindow.Allshesawwasanoldyellowandgreenivy（常春藤）plant.Thehalf-deadplanthadfewleavesonitbecauseoftheautumnwinds.“Thereareonlyfive,now,”saidJoanna.“Fivewhat,dear?Whatareyoucounting?”“Theivyleaves,”repliedJoanna.“Whenthelastonefalls,Imustgo,too.I’veknownthatforthreedays.Didn’tthedoctortellyou?”“Joanna,don’tsaythat.Now,havesomesoupandI’llfinishmypicture.”“Idon’twantanysoup,”saidJoanna,lookingoutofthewindow.“Nowthereareonlyfour.”“Joanna,dear,trytosleep.ImustaskMr.Behrmantocomeuphere.Iwanttodrawapictureofhimasapooroldminer.”Mr.Behrman,whowasover60yearsold,liveddownstairs.Hewasapainter,too.Butheneverpaintedagoodpicture,andhedrankalot.SuetoldhimallaboutwhatJoannawassaying.“Shecan’treallythinkthatthiswillhappen!Thepoorwoman!”hecried....Finally,therewasonlyonelastleafontheivyplant.Afterafewwindydays,theleafwasstillthere.“Susie,”saidJoanna,“I’vebeenabadgirl.Thatlastleafistellingmethatitwasverywrongofmetowanttodie.Bringmesomesoup,dear.”Thenextday,thedoctorsaid,“She’soutofdanger.ButpoorMr.Behrmandownstairsisdying.There’snohopeforhim,I’mafraid.”ThatafternoonSuewentintoJoanna’sbedroom.“Joanna,dear,Mr.Behrmandiedtoday.Anddoyouknowwhy?Oneterrible,coldwetnighthetookaladder（梯子）andsomegreenandyellowpaintandheclimbedup,and—oh,lookatthelastivyleafonthewall!Whydidn’titmoveinthewind?ItwasMr.Behrman’slastgreatpicture.Hepaintedittherethenightthatthelastleaffell.”1．WhatcanweknowaboutTheLastLeafaccordingtothepassage?A.Ithasanexpectedandexcitingending.B.Ittellsamovingstoryhappeninginanapartment.C.ItisalongstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry.2．HowlongcanJoannaliveinthedoctor’seyes?A.Forseveraldays. B.Forseveralmonths. C.Forseveralyears.3．Whydidn’tthelastivyleaffallafterafewwindydays?A.Becauseitwaspaintedonthewall.B.Becausethewindwasnotsostrong.C.Becausetheleafwasyoungandgreen.4．Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?A.Mr.Behrmanwasaverykind-heartedartist.B.SuewastoobusytocomfortherfriendJoanna.C.Joannawasacarelessgirlwithouthopeinherlife.本文主要節(jié)選自美國作家歐·亨利的短篇小說《最后一片葉子》。四．[2023溫州,B]Amarathonisalongrunningraceof26.2miles（42.195kilometers）.ThefirstOlympicMarathonwasheldinAthens.Now,manycitieshosttheirownmarathonseveryyear.Someofthebest-knownmarathonsaroundtheworldaretheNewYorkCityMarathon,theBostonMarathonandtheTokyoMarathon.Amongthem,theBostonMarathonwhichstartedin1897,istheoldestyearlymarathonintheworld.Astimegoesby,thesporthasbecomemorethanjustarace.Themesofmarathonsaddfunandmeaningtothehardmiles.Runnersrunforhelpingsickkids,celebratingimportantevents,orjustenjoyingnature.ThereisafamousmarathoninGisborne,NewZealand,whichisknownforbeingthefirstcityintheworldtowelcomethesunlighteveryday.Runnerscangreetthesunriseastheyracealongthegoldensandybeaches.Marathonroutesbringpeoplemoreunderstandingoftheoldsport.Someroutesprovidegreatsportingchallengesforrunners.Theroutesoffervarioussurfaces,frombridgestosandstohills.Runnersofallskilllevelscansweatfreelyandpushtheirlimits（極限；限制）intherace.Someroutesarewellplannedforrunnerstoexplorethemanysidesofacity.Forexample,therouteoftheGreatWallMarathontakestherunnersalongthegreatwonderoftheworld.TheracecanbeanamazingchancetogettoknowBeijing,itspeopleandlocalfood.Amarathonisquiteajourneyforrunnerstoenjoytherun,challengethemselvesandexperiencetheculture.Thereissomuchmorebehindtheraceforustoexplore.1．Accordingtothepassage,theoldestyearlymarathonis______.A.theTokyoMarathon B.theOlympicMarathonC.theBostonMarathon D.theNewYorkCityMarathon2．WhatmightbethethemeofthemarathoninGisborne?A.FirstLight. B.LivelyKids. C.GreenMiles. D.FunBeach.3．ThewriterusestheexampleoftheGreatWallMarathontotellthattheroute______.A.isdifficulttoplan B.showsthecitycultureC.offersdifferentsurfaces D.bringschallengetorunners4．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Marathon:NotJustaRace B.Marathon:RoutesandRulesC.Marathon:HistoryandThemes D.Marathon:ARaceforEveryone五．[2024長沙二模]BForyoungpeoplewhogrowupinvillages,findingajobinthecitysoundsgood.ButNingFenfang,34,leftthebigcitytobeafarmer.In2017,sheleftherjobinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,andwentbacktoherhometownofCiliCountyinZhangjiajie,HunanProvince.Atthattime,muchofthefarmlandtherewasdeserted（被遺棄）.Seeingthis,Ningdecidedtobeafarmer.Shestartedgrowingriceandrapeseed（油菜籽）in2020andhiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland,providingjobsforlocalpeople.Ningnowfarmsmorethan66.7hectares（公頃）ofland.Morethan300housewiveshaveworkedpart-timeonherland,eachmakingmorethan10,000yuanperyear.“It’snevereasy,”saidNing.Atfirst,shedidn’thaveenoughfarmingknowledge.Then,peoplecouldn’tunderstandherdecisiontobecomeafarmer.Farmingisoftenseenasan“unsuitable”jobforboththepost-90sgenerationandwomeningeneral.However,Ninglovedfarming.“Whenyou’retired,youcanstopandrestanddowhatyouwanttodo.Everyday,youcanenjoynature,whichmanypeoplehopefor,”Ningsaid.Ninghastriedtoturnfarmingintoa“fashionable”job.Ratherthandependingonfarmersonly,sheadvisesmechanized（機械化）farming,whichmeansusinghigh-techmachines.Shealsoplanstoprovidechildrenlivingincitieswithachancetoexperiencefarming.Ningalwaysfeelsresponsibleforfarmers.Recentlyshehassuggestedthattheagriculturalinsurance（農(nóng)業(yè)保險）plansshouldincludegreenhouses,asfreezingrainhitherhometownandcausedagreatlosstothefarmerinthewinterof2023.1．Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manyyoungpeoplefromvillagesexpecttogetajobinthecity.B.Quiteafewyoungpeoplewanttobefarmersinthevillagenow.C.It’simpossibleforyoungpeoplefromvillagestogetajobinthecity.2．HowdidNingmanageherfarmlandatfirst?A.Sheworkedonthelandbyherself.B.Shehiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland.C.Sheusedhigh-techmachinesallthetime.3．WhywasitnoteasyforNingtobeafarmeratfirst?A.Shedidn’thaveastrongwill.B.Shedidn’thaveenoughmoney.C.Shedidn’thaveenoughfarmingknowledge.4．WhatisNinglikeaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?A.Friendlyandhumorous.B.Creativeandresponsible.C.Strictandhard-working.六．（2024廣州一模，A）Onedarkstormynight,anelderlycouplehurriedintoahotelandaskedwhethertheycouldbeputupforthenight.“I'msorry,”theclerkonnightdutysaidpolitely.“Alltheroomsaretakentonight,butIcan'tsendanicecouplelikeyououtintherain.Wouldyoubewillingtostayinmyroom?It'snotexactlyahotelroombutitwillmakeyoucomfortable.AsI'monduty,I'llbestayingupintheofficeanyway.”Theelderlycoupleacceptedhisofferthankfully.Thenextday,whentheoldgentlemanwenttopayhisbill,theclerkbehindthereceptiondeskwasthatsamehelpfulyoungman.“Theroomyouandyourwifestayedinisnotaproperguestroomsoyoudon'tneedtopay,”saidtheclerkwiththesamefriendlysmile.Theoldgentlemannoddedwithasmile,“You'reanemployee（雇員）thateverybossinthehotelbusinesswoulddreamof.PerhapssomedayI'llbuildahotelforyou.”Theclerkwasamazedbuthedecidedthattheguestmusthavebeenjoking.Hegavenomorethoughttowhattheoldmansaid.Twoyearslater,theyoungmanreceivedaletterfromtheoldgentlemaninwhichhementionedtheexperienceofthatdarkstormynight.Withtheletter,therewasanairtickettoNewYorkandaninvitation,askingtheyoungmantopayavisit.AtastreetcornerinManhattan,theyoungmanmethisoldguest.Thegentlemanpointedtoagreatnewbuildingandsaid,“Look,thatisthehotelIpromisedtobuildforyou.Ihopeyou'llmanageitforme.”Theyoungmanwasshocked,“Sir,whydoyouchoosemeandwhoareyou?”“MynameisWilliamAstor.LikeItoldyoubefore,youarethebestemployeeIcouldeverdreamof.”ThisbuildingwastheWaldorfAstoriaHotel.ThishotelhasbeenasymbolinthecityofNewYorkandtheNo.1choiceforvisitingleadersfromdifferentcountries.TheyoungmanwhobecameitsfirstmanagerwasGeorgeBoldt.HeturnedWaldorfintooneofthemostfamoushotelsintheworld.1．Whatcanweknowaboutthecouplefromthebeginningofthestory?A.Theywereallwetonastormynight.B.Theybookedahotelroombeforetheyarrived.C.Theystayedinthehotelclerk'sroomforthenight.D.TheyflewtoN