樹形圖詳細講解

網上的相對理想的樹形圖答案，注意正兩

點:

1.短語和中心詞在一豎線上

2.含有形容詞修飾語的名詞短語的畫法

1.Indicatethecatego-yofeachwordinthefollowingsentences.

a)TheoldladysuddenlyIeft.

DetANQuaIV

b)Thecarstoppedattheendoftheroad.

DetNVPDetNPDetN

c)ThesnowmighthavebIockedtheroad.

DetNAuxAuxVDetN

d)Heneverappearsquitemature.

NQuaIVDegA

7.Thefollowingphrasesincludeahead,accmplemen十，andaspecifier.Drawthe

appropriatetreestructureforeach.

a)fulIofpeople

fulIofpeople

b)astoryaboutasentimentsIgirl

oftenreaddetectivestories

d)theargumentagainsttheproposaIs

theargumentagainsttheproposaIs

e)movetowardsthewindow

movetowardsthewindow

3.DrawphrasestructuretreesforeachofthefoIIowingsentences.

a)Thejetlanded.

InfIP(=S)

Thejetlanded

b)Marybecameveryill.

c)WhatwiIIyoutaIkabout

d)TheappIemighthittheman.

DetN

Theapplemighthittheman

e)Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

Heoftenreadsdetectivestories

4.Thefollowingsentencescontainmodifiersofvarioustypes.Foreachsentence,

firstidentifythemodifier(s),thendrav/thetreestructures.

a)AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledairplane.

DetANPstVNP

DetAN

AfrightenedpassengerIandedthecrippledarpIane

b)AhugemoonhunginthebIacksky.

c)AnunusuaIeventoccurredbeforethemeeting.

AnunusuaIeventoccurredbeforethemeeting

d)Anoldhouseappearedonthegrassyhill.

lnflP(=S)

III

AnoIdhouseappearedonthegrassyhill

5.ThefoIIov/ingsentencesaIIcontainconjoinedcategories.Drawatreestructure

foreachofthesentences.

a)Jimhaswashedthedirtyshirtsandpants.

lnflP(=S)

OR

b)HeIenputonhercIothesandwentout.

VPCONVP

VPNPAdv

A/\

VPDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

OR

InfIP(=S)

c)MaryisfondofIiteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

InfIPUS)

PresVPCONVP

VPNPVPNP

VAPNVAPN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut(is)tiredofstatistics

d)Thedetectivev/entoutandthemysteriousmancamein.

Thedetectivewentoutandthemysteriousmancamein

e)CrusoeknowsthatspringwiIIcomeandthesnowwillmelt.

melt

6.ThefollowingsentencesaIIcontainembeddedcIausesthatfunctionascompIements

ofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeach

sentence.

a)YouknowthatIhatev/ar.

s

N

You

OROP

DetNVLA

HesaidthatTomaskedwhetherthecIasswasover

c)GerrycantbeIievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexan.

S

GerrycannotbeIievethefactthatAnnaflunkedthe

Englishexam

d)ChriswashappythathisfatherboughthimaRoIIs-Royce.

RoIIs-Royce

ThechiIdrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

7.EachofthefollowingsentencescontainsareIativecIause.Drawthedeep

structureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.

a)TheessaythathewrotewastooIong.

NPNPInflVP

NNPstVNP

I

N

I

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b)Thedogthathekeensbites.

Deepstructure

NPNPInflVP

Thedogthathebites

c)HerbertfoundthemansheIoved.

who

CP

DetNS

c

1NPInflVP

NP1NP

1NV1

NN

11

Herbertfoundtheman(whom)she1oved

d)Thegirlv/homheoftenquarreIsv/ithmajorsinIinguisties.

Deepstructure

Iinguistics

SurfaceStructure

cs

N

Themajorsin

Iinguisties

8.Thederivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.

Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesenterces.

a)WouIdyoucometomorrow

Deepstructure

wouIdyoucometomorrow

b)Canyoupassmethenewspaper

Deepstructure

CP

c)Shouldthestudentsreporttheincident

shouldthestudentsreporttheincident

d)Whatdidyoueatfor