石景山區2025年高三統一練習英語本試卷共10頁，共100分。考試時長90分鐘。考生務必在答題卡指定區域作答，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節，30分)第一節完形填空(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文、掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Asastudentplanningtostudymanagement,Irealisedthatclassroomalonewouldn’tbeenoughtofullypreparemeforthechallengesfromtheworld.Eagertogainmarket-relatedexperiencebeforeuniversity,Isteppedintotheworldof____1____thissummer.Inoticedaprobleminmycommunity:theelectricitysupplywasnot____2____,oftenbeinginsufficientandleadingtofrequentpowercutsthataffecteddailylife.Thiscreatedaclearneedforachargingstation,soIdecidedtoopenoneto____3____theissue.Whatstartedasawaytopreparemyselfforcollegequicklyturnedintoameaningfulproject,shapingmyunderstandingofhowbusinesscannotonly____4____practicalneedsbutalsomakealastingimpactinacommunity.Theresponsetomybusinesswas____5____.Onthefirstthreedaysalone,Imade$406.Thaiinitialsuccesswasmorethanjustencouraging—itwas____6____thatIwassolvingarealproblemandthatthemarketwasthereformyservices.Seeingpeoplestreamintothecentre,gratefulforthechargingservice,____7____mybeliefthatbusinessisaboutaddressingneedsandservingothers.Thejourneyofstartingthisbusinesswasnotwithoutchallenges.WhenIneeded____8____tostartthebusiness,Inegotiatedwithmyrelativestogivemetwocows,whichIthensoldtoraisefunds.Ialsodrewontechnicalskillstohandletheelectricalworkmyself,which____9____mystartupcosts.Today,thechargingcenterisalivewithactivities.TheskillsI’veacquiredwillcertainlyservemewellaslbeginmyuniversityjourney.Lookingback,Icanseehowthese_____10_____lessonshavesetastageforthefuture.1.A.medicine B.literature C.business D.science2.A.reliable B.private C.affordable D.renewable3.A.discuss B.raise C.report D.address4.A.promote B.replace C.meet D.guide5.A.disappointing B.incredible C.strange D.embarrassing6.A.proof B.doubt C.hope D.fear7.A.confused B.challenged C.confirmed D.changed8.A.income B.capital C.price D.profit9.A.estimated B.provided C.doubled D.reduced10.A.practical B.classic C.familiar D.cultural【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.B9.D10.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者為了在大學前積累市場相關經驗，開始創業經營充電站的過程和感悟。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：渴望在大學前獲得與市場相關的經驗，今年夏天我踏入了商業世界。A.medicine醫學；B.literature文學；C.business商業；D.science科學。根據上文“Eagertogainmarket-relatedexperience”可知，作者想要獲得與市場相關的經驗，因此踏入了商業世界。故選C。【2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我注意到我的社區存在一個問題：電力供應不可靠，經常不足，導致頻繁停電，影響日常生活。A.reliable可靠的；B.private私人的；C.affordable負擔得起的；D.renewable可再生的。根據下文“oftenbeinginsufficientandleadingtofrequentpowercuts”可知，電力供應不足，導致頻繁停電，說明電力供應不可靠。故選A。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這產生了對充電站的明顯需求，所以我決定開設一個來解決這個問題。A.discuss討論；B.raise提高；C.report報告；D.address解決。根據上文“Thiscreatedaclearneedforachargingstation”可知，社區需要充電站，所以作者決定開設一個來解決這個問題。故選D。【4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個最初只是為了為大學做準備的項目，很快變成了一個有意義的項目，塑造了我對商業如何不僅能滿足實際需求，還能在社區中產生持久影響的理解。A.promote促進；B.replace替換；C.meet滿足；D.guide指導。根據下文“practicalneeds”可知，此處指滿足實際需求。故選C。【5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我的生意反響令人難以置信。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.incredible難以置信的；C.strange奇怪的；D.embarrassing尷尬的。根據下文“Onthefirstthreedaysalone,Imade$406.”可知，作者三天就賺了406美元，說明生意反響令人難以置信。故選B。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一初步的成功不僅僅是鼓舞人心的——它證明了我正在解決一個真正的問題，而且我的服務有市場。A.proof證明；B.doubt懷疑；C.hope希望；D.fear恐懼。根據下文“thatIwassolvingarealproblemandthatthemarketwasthereformyservices”可知，作者的生意成功證明了他正在解決一個真正的問題，而且他的服務有市場。故選A。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：看到人們涌入中心，對充電服務表示感謝，這證實了我的信念：商業就是滿足需求，為他人服務。A.confused使困惑；B.challenged挑戰；C.confirmed證實；D.changed改變。根據下文“mybeliefthatbusinessisaboutaddressingneedsandservingothers”可知，人們的反應證實了作者對商業的信念。故選C。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我需要資金來創業時，我與親戚談判，讓他們給我兩頭牛，然后我把牛賣掉來籌集資金。A.income收入；B.capital資金；C.price價格；D.profit利潤。根據下文“whichIthensoldtoraisefunds”可知，作者賣掉牛來籌集資金，說明他創業時需要資金。故選B。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我還利用技術技能自己處理電工工作，這降低了我的創業成本。A.estimated估計；B.provided提供；C.doubled加倍；D.reduced減少。根據上文“Ialsodrewontechnicalskillstohandletheelectricalworkmyself”可知，作者自己處理電工工作，這降低了他的創業成本。故選D。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：回顧過去，我可以看到這些實踐課程如何為未來奠定了基礎。A.practical實際的；B.classic經典的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.cultural文化的。根據上文作者創業的經歷可知，作者從中學到了實際的經驗，這些實踐課程為他的未來奠定了基礎。故選A。第二節語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Releasedin2023,DeepSeekis____11____open-sourceartificialintelligencesystem.Userscandownload,changeandevenrunitlocally____12____(satisfy)theirspecifictechnicalrequirements.Itslatestmodel,V3.5,deliversexceptionalperformanceinreasoning,textgeneration,anddataanalysistasks.ManyusersarechoosingDeepSeeknotonlyforitspowerfulfeaturesbutalsoforits____13____(low)costscomparedtoanyotheroptiononthemarket.【答案】11.an12.tosatisfy13.lower【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了2023年發布的開源人工智能系統DeepSeek。【11題詳解】考查冠詞。句意：DeepSeek是2023年發布的一款開源人工智能系統。system為可數名詞，此處表示泛指，且open-source發音以元音音素開頭，需用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：用戶可以下載、修改甚至在本地運行它，以滿足其特定的技術需求。空處作目的狀語，需用動詞不定式。故填tosatisfy。【13題詳解】考查比較級。句意：許多用戶選擇DeepSeek，不僅因為其功能強大，而且與市場上其他選項相比，它的成本更低。根據下文的“comparedtoanyotheroptiononthemarket”可知，是將DeepSeek與市場上的其他選擇進行比較，所以要用形容詞的比較級“lower”，表示“更低的”，作定語，修飾名詞costs。故填lower。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Thefirstpublichotline,____14____isatoolforenhancingcitizenparticipationandimprovingcitymanagement,startedinLondonin1937.InChina,thegovernmenthotline____15____(launch)inbigcitiesduringthe1980sandlaterimprovedtobeacitizenserviceplatformin2019.Now,inBeijing,morethan1,700operatorsdealwithover60,000callseachday.Thissystem____16____(promote)interactionbetweencitizensandthecity,____17____(respond)totheirappealsandmakingthecityabetterplace.【答案】14.which15.waslaunched16.promotes17.responding【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了公共熱線的起源及其在中國的發展。【14題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：第一條公共熱線于1937年在倫敦開通，是加強公民參與和改善城市管理的工具。空處引導非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞Thefirstpublichotline，指物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導從句。故填which。【15題詳解】考查時態和語態。句意：在中國，政府熱線于20世紀80年代在大城市推出，后來在2019年改進為公民服務平臺。根據時間狀語duringthe1980s可知，句子使用一般過去時，launch與主語thegovernmenthotline

之間是被動關系，應用被動語態，主語是thegovernmenthotline

，be動詞使用was。故填waslaunched。【16題詳解】考查時態和主謂一致。句意：該系統促進了公民與城市之間的互動，回應了他們的訴求，使城市變得更美好。句子描述一般事實，應用一般現在時，主語Thissystem是單數，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式。故填promotes。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：該系統促進了公民與城市之間的互動，回應了他們的訴求，使城市變得更美好。空處作非謂語動詞，respond與邏輯主語Thissystem之間是主動關系，應用現在分詞形式作狀語。故填responding。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Scrollingthroughthephone,ZhangYangnoticedChongqingsubway-through-buildingvideosweregainingmassiveattention.Curious,hesearchedthedataandfoundthattheforeigntouristarrivals____18____(keep)risingsteadilyevenbeforethesevideosOSSsurfaced.____19____(inspire)bythisupwardtrend,hejoinedatravelstartupandsetaboutdesigningpersonalisedculturaltrips.Asaresult,his____20____(booking)havedoubledthesedays,provingthatsuchtripsareattractingmoreforeigntravelersthancrowdedtouristspotswhentheylookformeaningfulconnectionswithlocalculture.【答案】18.hadkept19.Inspired20.bookings【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了張陽觀察到重慶地鐵穿樓視頻走紅，發現外國游客數量持續增長，因此加入旅游創業公司的小故事。【18題詳解】考查動詞時態。句意：出于好奇，他查閱數據后發現，在這些視頻走紅之前，外國游客數量一直在穩步上升。句中第一個that到句末是賓語從句，空處需要填入的是賓語從句的謂語動詞。又根據賓語從句中的時間狀語“evenbeforethesevideossurfaced”可知，時間狀從中使用了一般過去時surfaced，空處要填的動作發生于該動作之前，表示過去的過去，應使用過去完成時。故填hadkept。【19題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：受到這一上升趨勢的啟發，他加入一家旅游創業公司，開始設計個性化的文化旅行項目。句中有并列的謂語joined和setabout，空處應填入非謂語動詞。句子主語he與動詞inspire之間是被動關系，表示“他被趨勢所啟發”，需用過去分詞作原因狀語，單詞位于句首，首字母大寫。故填Inspired。【20題詳解】考查名詞復數。句意：因此，近日他的預訂量翻倍，證明這類旅行在外國游客尋求與當地文化有意義的連接時，比擁擠的景點更具吸引力。根據謂語動詞havedoubled可知，主語應為復數名詞，且booking指“預訂量”時通常用復數形式bookings。故填bookings。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節，38分)第一節(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATheAIScholarsProgramme(AISP)offershighschoolstudentsworldwideafour-week,on-campusexperienceinartificialintelligence(AI)atWestbridgeTechnologyUniversity(WTU),connectingthemwithleadingAIresearchers.Thisfully-fundedprogrammecoverscoursefees,housingandprogramme-relatedfieldtrips.CoursePlanAvirtualPythonpreparationcoursebeginsonemonthpriortothestartofthecampusprogramme.Codingexperienceisnotrequired,andinstructorsupportwillbeavailableforallstudents.CoreacademicmodulesincludelecturesonusingAIfairlyandsafely,alongwithin-depthseminarsledbyWTUteachingstaffthatexplorecurrentAIresearchprojects.StudentswillapplynewlyacquiredAIskillstoreal-worldchallengesinahands-ongroupproject,whichwillbepresentedattheAISPclosingceremony.SitevisitswithindustryleadersarealsoincludedtoexploreemergingcareerpathsintheAIfield,alongwithacademicwritingworkshopsforcollegeapplication.ApplicationRequirementsStudentsapplyingforAISPmustbeatleast16yearsold.ThecompleteapplicationforAISPwillconsistof：anonlineapplicationform;officialhighschoolrecordsofacademicperformanceandextra-curricularactivities;apersonalstatementdemonstratingcuriosityinAIresearchandcommitmenttosociallyresponsibleinnovation.Applicantsarestronglyencouragedtosubmitaonemaximumsummaryoftheresearchproposal,clarifyinghowtheprojectusesAI,itsimportanceandintendedoutcomes.Thiswillprovidevaluableinformationabouttheapplicant’sresearchpotential,technicalskills,andabilitytoplanandcommunicatetheirresearchgoals.Applicationsof2025programmecloseonApril15,2025,withinterviewsconductedthroughMay.Clickheretostartyourapplication.21.WhatisthemainpurposeoftheAISP?A.ToengagestudentsinAIexploration.B.ToadvocatecooperationinAIresearch.C.ToprovidecareerguidanceinAIindustry.D.TopromotetheprinciplesofAIapplications.22.Whatcanstudentslearnfromtheprogramme?A.AcademicwritingonAIdevelopment.B.WaystowriteanAIresearchproposal.C.AIskillsforsolvingproblemsinreality.D.AdvancedmathsandphysicswithAIfocus.23.Tobeconsideredfortheprogramme,studentsshould.A.paythetuitionfeesinadvanceB.uploadarecommendationletterC.submitanonlineapplicationforminMayD.provideschoolrecordsandapersonalstatement【答案】21.A22.C23.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了西橋科技大學的AI學者項目，含課程計劃、申請要求，旨在讓高中生體驗AI，項目全資助，2025年4月15日截止申請。21題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“TheAIScholarsProgramme(AISP)offershighschoolstudentsworldwideafour-week,on-campusexperienceinartificialintelligence(AI)atWestbridgeTechnologyUniversity(WTU),connectingthemwithleadingAIresearchers.(人工學者項目（AISP）為全球高中生提供為期四周的WestbridgeTechnologyUniversity（WTU）人工智能校園體驗，將他們與領先的AI研究人員聯系起來)”可知，整個項目圍繞讓學生體驗和探索AI展開，其主要目的是讓學生參與到AI探索中。故選A項。【22題詳解】細節理解題。根據CoursePlan部分“StudentswillapplynewlyacquiredAIskillstoreal-worldchallengesinahands-ongroupproject,whichwillbepresentedattheAISPclosingceremony.(學生將在AISP閉幕式上展示的實踐小組項目中，將新獲得的人工智能技能應用于現實世界的挑戰)”可知，學生們將在一個實際操作的小組項目中，把新學到的人工智能技能應用到現實世界的挑戰中，這表明學生可以從該項目中學到用于解決現實問題的AI技能。故選C項。【23題詳解】細節理解題。根據ApplicationRequirements部分“ ThecompleteapplicationforAISPwillconsistof :anonlineapplicationform;officialhighschoolrecordsofacademicperformanceandextra-curricularactivities;apersonalstatementdemonstratingcuriosityinAIresearchandcommitmenttosociallyresponsibleinnovation.(申請AISP的學生必須年滿16歲。AISP的完整申請將包括：在線申請表；官方高中學業成績和課外活動記錄；一份個人陳述，展示了對人工智能研究的好奇心和對社會責任創新的承諾)”可知，要申請該項目，學生應該提供學校記錄和個人陳述。故選D項。BInmyearlyforties,Ibeganpaintingwithwatercolours.Eachbrushstrokeonpaperturnedintoapersonallanguage,allowingmetoexpresstheinexpressible.Thefeelingofcolourbeingabsorbedintothepaperwascalming,yetitleftmelongingforsomethingdeeper.Overtime,Ibecamemoreinterestedinoilpaints.Althoughtheytooklongertodry,theyofferedmeasenseofcontrol.Layersofpaintscombinedsmoothly,creatingathree-dimensionaleffectthatwatercolourscouldn’tcopy.Oilpaintsgrantedmethepreciousopportunitytotakeafewstepsback,asifIwereacuriousexplorerapproachingahiddenlandscape.However,workingwithoilpaintswasn’teasy.Gettingtherightshineorthicknessrequiredpatience,andattimes,Ifeltannoyedbymylackofprogress.Coloursdidn’talwaysbehaveasexpected,andIstruggledtoachievethevisioninmymind.ButthemoreIpersisted,themoreIunderstoodoilpaints.Theybalancedsoftnesswithdepth,givingmethechancetocreatebothdelicateandgrandimages.Theprocessofpaintingbecamereflective,apracticeofexploringcolours,textures(紋理)andemotions—sometimesrough,sometimespeaceful,butalwaysrewarding.Oneevening,Inoticedastrangeshadeofblueonmycanvas(畫布).Itseemedoutofplace,asifitdidn’tbelong.Myheartskippedabeat,andIstaredatit,uncertainifitwaspartofmyrecentworkoratrickoftheeye.AsIsteppedbacktoexaminethecanvas,theblueshadeslowlybegantomakesense.Itwasnotanerrorbutaninvitation—anunplannedelementthataddeddepthtothepieceinawayIhadn’texpected.Atthatmoment,Irealisedthatpainting,muchlikelife,wasnotaboutcompletecontrolbutaboutembracingtheunexpected.Fromthenon,Iapproachedmyworkwithanewsenseofcuriosity.Iletcoloursblendmorefreely,allowedaccidentalmistakestobecomepartofthecomposition,andacceptedthateverybrushstrokecarrieditsownstory.Oilpaintingnotonlygavemeamediumtoexpressmyselfbutalsotaughtmepatience,resilience,andthebeautyofdiscovery.Lookingatmyfinishedwork,Inolongersawjustlayersofpaints.Isawmomentsofstruggle,joy,andgrowthwovenintothecanvas—areminderthatart,likeany,isasmuchabouttheprocessasitisaboutthefinalmasterpiece.24.Whydidtheauthorturntooilpaints?A.Toenhancecreativity. B.Tosavepaintingtime.C.Toseekdeeperartisticcontrol. D.Toimprovepaintingskills.25.Whatchallengedidtheauthorfacewhenworkingwithoilpaints?A.Balancingsoftnessandsharpness. B.Creatingathree-dimensionaleffect.C.Achievingtherightshineandthickness. D.Controllingthedryingtimeofthepaints.26.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Artisajourneyofwelcomingimperfections.B.Agoodpictureisworthathousandwords.C.Beautyistheultimategoaloffineart.D.Creatingisaboutexploringidealself.【答案】24.C25.C26.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了作者從水彩畫轉向油畫的過程，以及在油畫創作中所遇到的挑戰和感悟。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Overtime,Ibecamemoreinterestedinoilpaints.Althoughtheytooklongertodry,theyofferedmeasenseofcontrol.(隨著時間的推移，我對油畫越來越感興趣。雖然它們需要更長的時間來干燥，但它們給了我一種控制感。)”可知，作者轉向油畫是因為油畫給了作者一種控制感，也就是讓作者能尋求更深層次的藝術控制。故選C。【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“However,workingwithoilpaintswasn’teasy.Gettingtherightshineorthicknessrequiredpatience,andattimes,Ifeltannoyedbymylackofprogress.(然而，用油畫顏料作畫并不容易。要想獲得合適的光澤度或厚度，需要耐心，有時，我因為缺乏進展而感到惱火。)”可知，作者在使用油畫顏料時面臨的挑戰是達到合適的光澤度和厚度。故選C。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Atthatmoment,Irealisedthatpainting,muchlikelife,wasnotaboutcompletecontrolbutaboutembracingtheunexpected.(那一刻，我意識到，繪畫就像生活一樣，不是關于完全的控制，而是關于接受意想不到的事情。)”和最后一段“Lookingatmyfinishedwork,Inolongersawjustlayersofpaints.Isawmomentsofstruggle,joy,andgrowthwovenintothecanvas—areminderthatart,likeany,isasmuchabouttheprocessasitisaboutthefinalmasterpiece.(看著我完成的作品，我不再只是看到一層層的顏料。我看到了掙扎、喜悅和成長的瞬間交織在畫布上——這提醒我們，藝術和其他任何事物一樣，既關乎過程，也關乎最終的杰作。)”可知，作者想要傳達的信息是藝術是一場接納不完美的旅程。故選A。CResearchersfromtheNeuroMindInstitutehavedevelopedanewsystemthatusespredator(捕食者)robotstochase(追逐)larval(幼體的)zebrafishinanopenwater.Thisinnovativeapproachishelpingscientistsstudyhowtheyoungfishrapidlylearnandadaptinreal-worldconditions.Larvalzebrafishareavaluabletoolforneuroscientistsbecausetheirtransparencyenableseasystudyofthebrainandbehaviour.However,it’sbeendifficultforscientiststostudylearninginthesedevelopingvertebrates(脊椎動物)—animportantpartofunderstandinghowthebrainworks.Previousresearchfoundyoungzebrafishcouldlearnsimpleassociations.Butthistypeoflearninghappensslowlyandoftenunreliably,anditwasstillunclearwhetherdays-oldzebrafishcanlearnfastenoughtousetheirmemoryinnaturalsituations,likerecognizingandavoidingnewpredators.Theresearchersthoughtthattraditionalwaysoftestinglearninginlarvalzebrafishinthelab,wheretheconditionswerefarfromwhatthefishwouldencounterinthewild,mightnotbeeffectiveforuncoveringhowthefishlearn.Tomodelareal-lifesituation,theresearchersusedsmallroboticcylinders(圓柱體),withsomeprogrammedtoshowpredator-likecharacteristics.Theresearcherscreatedthedynamics:theyfirstplacedarobotthatstayedstillwithafree-swimmingzebrafish;aftertherobotchasedthefishforaminute,thefishbeganavoidingtherobot’sareaformorethananhour—abigchangefromthenon-avoidantbehaviourbeforethechaseexperience.Whenasecondrobotwasintroducedthatdidnotchasethefish,thezebrafishonlyavoidedthechasingrobot,showingthattheycoulddistinguishbetweenathreatandanon-threat.Usingthissystem,theresearchersmadeanunexpecteddiscoverythatnotonlycouldlarvalzebrafishlearnextremelyquicklyinamorenaturalcontext,buttheycouldalsodosojustfivedaysafterbeginningtheirlivesassinglecells.Thiswasparticularlysurprisinggiventhefactthatadevelopingzebrafishlarvacontainsjustonepercentorsooftheneurons(神經元)initsadultform.Thefindingssuggestthatsomeessentiallearningabilities,likerecognizingpredators,emergeearlyinlifeandarecriticalforsurvival.Furtherbrainimagingrevealsthatdifferentregionsofthezebrafishbrainareinvolvedinthisrapidlearning:thehindbrain,aregioncontrollingessentialfunctions,respondstotheapproachingpredator;theforebrain,aregionassociatedwithlearningandplanning,encodesthepresenceofthepredatorrobot;andthehabenula,anotherbrainarea,signalsavoidanceoutcomes.Alltheseregionsarenecessaryforlearning,andsilencinganyofthemremovestheabilityofthefishtolearn.Itisbelievedthatthenewworkcouldofferinsightsintohowotherbrainsprocessreal-worldthreats.27.Whydidtheresearchersdevelopanewsystemwithlarvalzebrafish?A.Toobservetheirhuntingbehaviours. B.Toidentifytheirsimpleassociations.C.Toexaminetheirbraincharacteristics. D.Touncovertheirlearninginnaturalsettings.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dynamics”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Interaction. B.Function. C.Structure. D.Standard.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutlarvalzebrafish?A.Theycandistinguishbetweenrobotsandfish.B.Theylearnfastthroughamulti-regionalbrainnetwork.C.Theydeveloplearningabilitieswhenreachingadulthood.D.Theycanrecognisepredatorswithmuchneuronsneeded.30.Whatwilltheauthormostprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?A.Explainingtherobotdesignusedintheexperiment.B.Exploringdangerprocessinginotherspecies’brains.C.Analysingtheconnectionbetweenlearningandplanning.D.Describingzebrafishbehavioursindifferentsurroundings.【答案】27D28.A29.B30.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了研究人員用捕食者機器人追逐幼體斑馬魚來研究其學習能力，發現其能快速學習，且多腦區參與，或可啟示其他大腦。【27題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Theresearchersthoughtthattraditionalwaysoftestinglearninginlarvalzebrafishinthelab,wheretheconditionswerefarfromwhatthefishwouldencounterinthewild,mightnotbeeffectiveforuncoveringhowthefishlearn.Tomodelareal-lifesituation,theresearchersusedsmallroboticcylinders(圓柱體),withsomeprogrammedtoshowpredator-likecharacteristics.(研究人員認為，在實驗室中測試斑馬魚幼蟲學習的傳統方法可能無法有效揭示魚類的學習方式，因為那里的條件與野生斑馬魚的情況相去甚遠。為了模擬現實生活中的情況，研究人員使用了小型機器人圓柱體，其中一些被編程為顯示捕食者般的特征)”可推知，研究人員開發新系統是為了揭示幼體斑馬魚在自然環境中的學習情況，因為傳統在實驗室的測試方法難以揭示它們在自然情況下的學習方式。故選D項。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第四段“Theresearcherscreatedthedynamics:theyfirstplacedarobotthatstayedstillwithafree-swimmingzebrafish;aftertherobotchasedthefishforaminute,thefishbeganavoidingtherobot’sareaformorethananhour—abigchangefromthenon-avoidantbehaviourbeforethechaseexperience.Whenasecondrobotwasintroducedthatdidnotchasethefish,thezebrafishonlyavoidedthechasingrobot,showingthattheycoulddistinguishbetweenathreatandanon-threat.(研究人員創造了dynamics：他們首先將一個靜止的機器人放在一條自由游動的斑馬魚身上；在機器人追逐魚一分鐘后，魚開始避開機器人的區域一個多小時，這與追逐體驗前的非回避行為相比發生了很大變化。當引入第二個不追逐魚的機器人時，斑馬魚只是避開了追逐的機器人，表明它們可以區分威脅和非威脅)”可知，研究人員創造了這種dynamics，后面描述了機器人和斑馬魚之間的互動過程，所以dynamics在這里指的是機器人和斑馬魚之間的“互動”，與Interaction意義相近。故選A項。【29題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“Furtherbrainimagingrevealsthatdifferentregionsofthezebrafishbrainareinvolvedinthisrapidlearning:thehindbrain,aregioncontrollingessentialfunctions,respondstotheapproachingpredator;theforebrain,aregionassociatedwithlearningandplanning,encodesthepresenceofthepredatorrobot;andthehabenula,anotherbrainarea,signalsavoidanceoutcomes.Alltheseregionsarenecessaryforlearning,andsilencinganyofthemremovestheabilityofthefishtolearn.(進一步的腦成像顯示，斑馬魚大腦的不同區域參與了這種快速學習：后腦是一個控制基本功能的區域，對接近的捕食者做出反應；前腦是一個與學習和規劃相關的區域，對捕食者機器人的存在進行編碼；韁核是另一個大腦區域，它發出回避結果的信號。所有這些區域都是學習所必需的，沉默其中任何一個區域都會剝奪魚的學習能力)”可知，幼體斑馬魚的后腦、前腦和韁核等不同腦區都參與了這種快速學習，它們通過一個多腦區的網絡快速學習。故選B項。【30題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Itisbelievedthatthenewworkcouldofferinsightsintohowotherbrainsprocessreal-worldthreats.(據信，這項新工作可以為其他大腦如何處理現實世界的威脅提供見解)”可知，這項新工作可能會為了解其他大腦如何處理現實世界的威脅提供見解。由此推知，接下來作者最有可能討論的是探索其他物種大腦中對危險的處理情況。故選B項。DThemoonstandsalone.Uniqueintheuniverse,itisalifelessandsunbakedwastelandthatharbourslittleexceptwhatwebringtoit.Butthatisabouttochange.HalfacenturyaftertheApolloprogramme,aprivatespacecraftNova-Cmadethefirsttouchdownonthemoonsuccessfully,bearingscientificinstruments,microfiche(微縮膠片)storydisks,cameras,andsculpturestostayonthemoonforever.Itssuccesswouldpromisemanymore.Thoughitmayseemlikeanexcitingoutlookforhumanity’sspaceexplorationambitions,italsosignalsafuturewherethemoonbecomesahotbedofungovernedbusinessoperationsthatwillirreversibly(不可逆地)transformit.Forthefirsttime,privatecapitalhasreachedthemoon,expandingbeyondscientificgoals.Thisallowsprivatelanders,evenwhencarryinggovernmentscienceexperiments,toincludeadditionalnon-scientificpayloads(有酬負載)forothercustomers.Itemsboundtoraisevariousobjections,suchashumancremains(骨灰)anddehydratedwaterbearsfrompastmissions,havecausedconcernsaboutbiologicalmaterialsonthemoon.There’realotmoreplannedforfuturelaunches,likelysparkingfurtherdebate.Beforethisdecadeisout,withapowerfulenoughtelescope,youmaybeabletoseeevidenceofhumanconstructionorevenhabitationonthemoon.In2023,theglobalspaceindustrywasvaluedat$469billion,expectedtoexceed$1trillionby2030,drivenbygrowingsatelliteuseinmanufacturing,power,anddata.“Wearenowatatippingpoint,whereideaspreviouslylimitedtosciencefictionrepresentattractiveinvestmentprojects,”areportread.Avoluntaryagreementhasbeenusedsince2020tofosterlunarcooperation.Itpromotesinternationalstandards,emergencyassistanceanddatasharing.However,italsoallowsforexploiting(開采)lunarresourceslikedust,water,rareearthelementsandothermaterials.ExploringthemoonhasvalueforscienceandpotentialbenefitsforEarthbuthumansoftenturnexplorationintoexploitation,andthemoonmayfacethesamefate.Themoonwon’tbealoneforlong.Butitisandwillforeverbequiet.Itplayshosttonothunderstorms,nocrashingwaves,nobirdsongsandnoanthems(國歌).Wemustbeitsvoice.Wewillsoonchangeitssurface,andourrelationshiptoit,forever.Attheveryleast,weowethemoonaconsidereddiscussionofwhyandhowwewilldoso.31.Whatistheauthor’sconcernaboutthemoon’sfuture?A.Unregulatedcommercialactivities. B.Illegalhumanconstruction.C.Limitedpayloadcarriedtothemoon. D.Alackofscientificmissions.32.The“tippingpoint”inParagraph4indicatesthechange.A.fromcooperationtocompetition B.fromsciencetotradeC.fromlunarlandingtosettlement D.fromfantasytoadventure33.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?A.Lunarresourceexplorationholdsgreatpromise.B.Massiveinvestmentisbeneficialtolunardevelopment.C.Non-scientificactivitiescantestlunarenvironmentallimits.D.Theexistingagreementisinsufficientincontrollingover-exploitation.34.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ThePromisingMoon:PlaygroundforAllB.TheMoon’sEdge:AmbitionMeetsRealityC.TheMoon’sFuture:UncovertheUnknownD.TheSilentMoon:Humanity’sResponsibility【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了私人資本進入月球，商業活動興起，作者擔憂月球面臨過度開發，強調人類對月球負有責任。【31題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Thoughitmayseemlikeanexcitingoutlookforhumanity’sspaceexplorationambitions,italsosignalsafuturewherethemoonbecomesahotbedofungovernedbusinessoperationsthatwillirreversibly(不可逆地)transformit.(盡管這似乎是人類太空探索野心的一個令人興奮的前景，但它也預示著未來月球將成為不受控制的商業活動的溫床，這將不可逆轉地改變它)”可知，作者擔心的是月球未來會成為不受監管的商業活動的溫床，即未受規范的商業活動。故選A。【32題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第三段“Forthefirsttime,privatecapitalhasreachedthemoon,expandingbeyondscientificgoals.Thisallowsprivatelanders,evenwhencarryinggovernmentscienceexperiments,toincludeadditionalnon-scientificpayloads(有酬負載)forothercustomers.(私人資本首次登上月球，超越了科學目標。這使得私人著陸器，即使在攜帶政府科學實驗時，也可以為其他客戶提供額外的非科學有酬負載)”以及第四段“‘Wearenowatatippingpoint,whereideaspreviouslylimitedtosciencefictionrepresentattractiveinvestmentprojects,’areportread.(我們現在正處于一個轉折點，以前僅限于科幻小說的想法代表了有吸引力的投資項目)”可知，私人資本進入月球，商業活動興起，以前科幻小說里的想法現在成為了有吸引力的投資項目，因此tippingpoint指的是從科學到貿易的轉變。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第五段“Avoluntaryagreementhasbeenusedsince2020tofosterlunarcooperation.Itpromotesinternationalstandards,emergencyassistanceanddatasharing.However,italsoallowsforexploiting(開采)lunarresourceslikedust,water,rareearthelementsandothermaterials.(自2020年以來，一項自愿協議一直被用來促進月球合作。它促進了國際標準、緊急援助和數據共享。然而，它也允許開采月球資源，如灰塵、水、稀土元素和其他材料)”可知，現有協議雖然促進合作等，但也允許開采月球資源，可推知它在控制過度開采方面是不足的。故選D。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Themoonstandsalone.Uniqueintheuniverse,itisalifelessandsunbakedwastelandthatharbourslittleexceptwhatwebringtoit.(月亮孤零零地待著。它是宇宙中獨一無二的，是一片沒有生命、被陽光曬得黝黑的荒地，除了我們帶給它的東西外，幾乎什么都沒有)”、最后一段“Themoonwon’tbealoneforlong.Butitisandwillforeverbequiet.Itplaysho