第六講：被動語態【考點解讀】動詞的被動語態是中學英語語法的一個重要內容，因此在小升初英語考試中作為銜接內容而出現，對于準初中生而言是難點和易錯點。因此希望小升初的學生能認真結合解讀，仔細把握被動語態的學習要領，結合小升初的最新模擬真題，做到融會貫通，舉一反三。【知識講解】知識點1——被動語態英語動詞有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者，被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者。被動語態的構成

英語動詞的被動語態由助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構成。助動詞be必須與主語的人稱和數量保持一致，并有時態的變化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被動語態的用法

（1）動作的執行者不知道是誰或難以說明時常用被動語態。例如：

Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.

（2）當動作的承受者比起動作的執行者來說更能引起人們的關心而需要加以強調時，要用被動語態。例如：

Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.

（3）含有雙賓語的句子，主動句中的間接賓語或者直接賓語都可變為被動語態中的一個主語，另一個保留不變。變為主語的若是主動句中的直接賓語在變為間接賓語前則需加介詞to或for。

例如：Thepianistgavethepupils(間接賓語)someadvice(直接賓語)

→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.

(4)在主動語態句中動詞make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，動詞不定式不加to。但變成被動語態時后面的不定式都須加上to。

例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.

Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被動語態中謂語動詞的原形是be+donebe隨著時態的變化而發生變化。以下是主動語態和被動語態中謂語動詞的形式：名稱主動語態謂語動詞形式被動語態謂語動詞形式一般現在時態v/vsAm/is/are+done一般過去時態VedWas/were+done一般將來時態Will+vWillbe+done現在進行時態Am/is/are+vingAm/is/are+being+done現在完成時態Have/has+過去分詞Have/hasbeen+done情態動詞情態動詞主動語態被動語態can（not）+dosth+bedonemay（not）must(not)常見的句型結構：Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......）that......大家同意（相信、決定、希望、認為）......Itis(was)wellknownthat......眾所周知Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被視為當然Itmustberememberedthat......務必記住......Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千萬別忘記......Itis(was)said(reported，heard，told，suggested)that......據說(報道、聽說、告知、建議......)注意以下幾種被動語態的特殊情況：帶有感官動詞和使役動詞的句子如何變被動語態動詞主動形式被動形式letletsbdosth(sb)belettodosthmakemakesbdosth(sb)bemadetodosthseeseesbdosth(sb)beseentodosthwatchwatchsbdosth(sb)bewatchedtodosthhearhearsbdosth(sb)beheardtodosth二．有些動詞沒有被動語態。(及物動詞才有被動語態)1)

不\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物動詞或動詞短語無\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被動語態：

appear,die,disappear,end(vi.結束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand

breakout,etrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.

2)

系動詞無\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"被動語態：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn3)不能用于被動語態的\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"及物動詞或動詞短語：

fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch，agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto4)

\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"系動詞無被動語態：

appear,be，bee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turn5)當賓語是\t"http://wenwen.sogou/z/_blank"不定式時，很少用于被動語態。

Iwanttogonow.三．主動表示被動的幾種情況1）有些不及物動詞形式上為主動，但是表示被動含義。這本書銷路很好。Thisbooksellswell.這本小說讀起來很有趣。Thisnovelreadswell.肉很容易切。Meatcutseasily.此類詞還有lock,shut,open,move,write,sell,wash,clean,catch,draw2）有些進行時，形式上主動，但含被動之意。Thebookisprinting.=Thebookisbeingprinted.Thehouseisbuilding.=Thehouseisbeingbuilt.3）介詞短語作表語，主動表示被動。Thequestionisnowunderdiscussion.Thefirewasfinallyundercontrol.Alltheseoldbuildingsareunderrepairs.三、【典例探究】【例題】：（）1．TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.Aareheld Bwereheld C．areholding D．willho1d（）2.Intheartshow，alotoflaughter_________toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings．A．isgiving Bwasgiven Cwillgive Dhasgive（）3.TodayChineseisbeingmoreandmorepopular.It_________inmanyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teaches B.isteaching C.hastaught D.istaught（）4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards（）5.Usuallyputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used（）6.Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?Yes._________ourclassroomeveryday.itcleans B.wearecleans C.weclean一般現在時1[答案]A。[解析]考查被動語態，根據句意，“奧運會每四年舉行一次”可見須用一般現在時的被動語態，故排除了B、C、D。2[答案]B。[解析]本題考查被動語態，句中alotofenjoyment是動作的承受者。“在這次藝術展中，一些有趣的東西通過中國國畫展示給外國朋友。”3[答案]D。[解析]考查被動語態。物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態。4[答案]A。[解析]選用一般現在時態的被動語態，表示人們對這位偉大作家的愛戴。5[答案]C。[解析]從句子看，電腦作主語，是動作的承受者，所以用被動語態，故選C。6[答案]C。[解析]考查被動語態物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態。（）7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmellsterrible?一Yes．Infact，it____.That'sallbecauseofthefactoriesaround．A．polluted Bwaspolluted Chaspolluted D．waspo11ute（）8.Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoretoprotect(保護)theearth.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted（）9.We________intofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided一般過去時7[答案]B。考查被動語態。物作主語，一般要考慮被動語態。但如果動詞指的是物的特性，不能用被動語態。8[答案]B。[解析]從句意：“……自從‘地球日’開始以來，人們已做了一些越來越有用的事保護環境。”可知，“地球日”的開始，要用一般過去時的被動語態，其構成為wasstarted故選B。9[答案]C。[解析]本題主要考查被動語態的用法。根據句意及語境可推知空格處應用被動語態的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings．”可推斷，時態應該是一般過去時。因此選C。四、【課堂運用】【基礎】【練習1】I.Choosethebestanswer.(選擇最恰當的答案)1.Over$30,000______forachildren’hospitalbyaBritishgirlseveralmonthsago.A)israised B)wasraised C)willberaised D)hasbeenraised2.I'msurethatstricterrulestocontrolcigarettesmoking______verysoon.A)made B)willmake C)weremade D)willbemade3.Manyhouses______inthebigfireafewdaysago.Whatashame!A)weredamaged B)damage C)weredamaging D)damaged4.ThatbuildingispartofShanghai’shistory.It______manyyearsago.A)built B)builds C)isbuilt D)wasbuilt5.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool______nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A)pulldown B)willbepulleddownC)willpulldown D)arepulleddown6.Whenyouleavetheroom,makesurethedoor________.A)waslocked B)islocked C)willbelocked D)shouldbelocked7.HalfoftheBeijing’sprivatecars_______offtheroadsduetoheavysmogonFriday.A)order B)areordered C)ordered D)wereordered8.Thegirls_______howtodanceamonthagoandnowtheycandancewell.A)weretaught B)willbetaught C)aretaught D)havebeentaught9.Tomandhissister_______tothebarbecuelastSaturday.Theywereveryhappy.A)haveinvited B)wereinvited C)wereinviting D)invited10.Doyoubelievetherearealiens?I’mafraidnot.Idon’tthinkaliens_____inspace.A)canfind B)canbefoundC)canbefounded D)can’tbefound11.Fewstudentscanunderstandthesentenceuntilit________twiceorthreetimes.A)explains B)isexplained C)willbeexplained D)hasexplained12.—Peoplesaythesubway________buildinginHarbininafewyears.—Sounds___________.Ihaveneverseenitbefore.A)willfinish;interesting B)isfinished;interested C)willbefinished;interesting D)wouldbefinished;interesting13.—Iwanttoknowwhen_______haveafieldtrip.—We’llhaveitwhenallthework_______.

A)youare;willfinish B)youwill;finishes

C)youwill;isfinished D)youwill;isfinish14.Oh,thisisreallyabigshop.Doyouknowwhenit________?A)built B)wasbuilt

C)hasbuilt D)hasbeenbuilt15.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.

—I’msorry,butI________whentomeet.A)don’ttell B)didn’ttell

C)haven’ttold D)wasn’ttold

16.Thethief_______onthescenewhenhewastryingtogetawaywiththenecklace.A)willbecaught B)iscaught C)wascaught D)hasbeencaught17.Blacktea_______inChinaduringtheMingDynastyasawaytokeepteafresh.A)invented B)wasinvented C)isinvented D)isinventing【練習2】I. Fillintheblankwiththegivenverbinthepassivevoice.1.YangpuBridge___________(build)in1993.2.Moremoney___________(spend)oneducationnextyear.3.Alotofwater___________(waste)everyyear.It’saseriousproblem.4.Thenewspapersaidmoregoodteachers___________(send)toYunnansometimenextyear.5.Whenwegottothetop,thesunhadrisen.Therewe___________(tell)tobeearlierthenexttime.6.“Remember,nobody___________(allow)toeatordrinkintheputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.7.Largeamountsofinformation___________(store)intheputer.8.Bythetimehegotthere,thecar___________(paint).9.Thewoundedsoldiers___________(operate)onnow.10.Hundredsofthebooks___________(borrow)fromthelibraryinthepastthreedays.11.I___________(tell)thatJimwouldebackfromNewYorkintwodays.12.Themanagersaidtheproject__________bytheendoftheyear.(plete)13.Theworkerstoldmethatthecar__________assoonaspossible.(mend)14.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundthetickets__________out.(sell)15.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath.He__________tobeagreatleader.(consider)16.Aftertheparty,someofthestudentspickedupalltherubbishthat__________onthefloorofthehall.(drop)

17.Heisoftenmade__________thetableafterdinner.(clean)【鞏固】【練習1】1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.

A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound

2English____inCanada.

A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken

3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.

A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung

4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.

A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade

5Newputers___allovertheworld.

A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused

【練習2】1Ourroommust___clean.

A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep

2I'dliketobuythatcoat.I'msorry.___.

A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold

3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.

A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding

4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.

A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft

5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.

A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed

6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.

A.willbepublishedB.ispublishing

C.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished【拔高】【練習1】1Japanese___ineverycountry.

A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking

2Thesepapers___yet.

A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwritten

C.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten

3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.

A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't

【練習2】1Myshoesarewornout._____________.

A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.

C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?

2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.

A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are

3___thesedesksbeneeded?

A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do

五、【課后鞏固】【習題1】1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?

A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheld

C.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld

2Whowasthebook___?

A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby

3Where___theseboxesmade?

A.wasB.wereC.isD.am【習題2】1.

—How

long

_____

at

this

job?

—Since

1990.

A.

were

you

employed

B.

have

you

been

employed

C.

had

you

been

employed

D.

will

you

be

employed

2.

—What

happened

to

the

priceless

works

of

art?

—________.

A.

They

were

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

B.

The

earthquake

was

destroying

them

C.

They

destroyed

in

the

earthquake

D.

The

earthquake

destroyed

them

3.

If

city

noises

______

from

increasing,

people______

shout

to

be

heard

even

at

the

dinner

table

20

years

from

now.

A.

are

not

kept;

will

have

to

B.

are

not

kept;

have

to

C.

do

not

keep;

will

have

to

D.

do

not

keep;

have

to

4.—Do

you

like

the

material?

—Yes,

it

______

very

soft.

A.

is

feeling

B.

felt

C.

feels

D.

is

felt

5.

I

need

one

more

stamp

before

my

collection

______.

A.

has

pleted

B.

pletes

C.

has

been

pleted

D.

is

pleted

6.

All

the

preparations

for

the

task

_____

,

and

we're

ready

to

start.

A.

pleted

B.

plete

C.

had

been

pleted

D.

have

been

pleted

7.

Hundreds

of

jobs

______

if

the

factory

closes.

A.

lose

B.

will

be

lost

C.

are

lost

D.

will

lose

8.

A

new

cinema______

here.

They

hope

to

finish

it

next

month.

A.

will

be

built

B.

is

built

C.

has

been

built

D.

is

being

built

9.

After

the

class，the

students

went

out

of

the

classroom

one

by

one,

but

only

Mary______.

A.

left

B.

had

left

C.

was

leaving

D.

was

left

10.

The

teacher

told

the

students

that

they______

to

be

useful

men

to

the

country.

A.

were

all

expected

B.were

all

expecting

C.

all

were

expected

D.

all

expected

11.

He_____in

a

shower

last

night

and

got

wet

through.

A.

caught

B.

was

caught

C.

had

caught

D.

caught

up

12.

The

thief______

when

he

was

stealing

a

wallet

from

a

woman.

A.

happened

to

notice

B.

was

taken

place

to

notice

C.

was

happened

to

be

noticed

D.

happened

to

be

noticed

13.

He______

and

was

made

to

repeat

it.

A.

didn't

understand

B.

didn't

be

understood

C.

wasn't

understand

D.

wasn't

understood

14.

The

pupils

here_____

all

kinds

of

exercises

every

day

in

the

past

few

weeks.

A.

kept

busy

doing

B.

keep

on

doing

C.

have

kept

busy

doing

D.

have

been

kept

busy

doing

15.

—What

were

you

doing

when

Tom

came

to

see

you?

—I

_____on

my

overcoat

and

______

to

visit

a

friend

of

mine.

A.

have

just

put;

leaving

B.

was

put;

was

left

C

.had

just

put;

was

leaving

D.

was

putting;

left

16.

They

said

goodbye,

hardly

knowing

that

they

______again.

A.

were

never

met

B.

will

never

meet

C.

never

met

D.

were

neve