學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載漢英法律專業詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學）（一）按照法律規定accordingtolaw按照確定的份額分享權力：beentitledtorightsinproportiontohispropershareofthecredit按照確定的份額分擔義務：assumeobligationsinproportiontohispropershareofthedebt案例教學法casesystem案例匯編casebook;casereport;lawreport柏拉圖Plato《保護人權與基本自由公約》(1950)ConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms,1950（羅）被視為bedeemedas被宣布為非法beoutlawed;bedeclaredillegal比較法comparativelaw比較法學comparativejurisprudence比較法學派schoolofcomparativejurisprudence比較法制史comparativelegalhistory比較分析法methodofcomparativeanalysis比較刑法comparativepenallaw比較刑法學comparativepenaljurisprudence必然因果關系positivecausalrelationship邊緣法學borderlinejurisprudence變通辦法adaptation;accommodation補充規定supplementaryprovision補救辦法remedialmeasures不成文法unwrittenlaw不成文憲法unwrittenconstitution不動產所在地法律lawoftheplacewheretherealpropertyissituated;lexlocireiimmobilisci不可分割的權利impartibleright不可抗力forcemajuere不可侵犯性inviolability不可讓與性inalienability不履行法律義務non-performanceofobligation不要式行為informalact不要因的法律行為non-causaljuristicact不因實效而喪失的權利imprescriptibleright不作為abstainfromanact;actofomission部門法departmentlaw部門規章regulation參照consult參照具體情況inthelightofactualconditions參照原文consulttheoriginal查士丁尼法典CodeJustinian;CodexJustinianus查士丁尼法規匯編Authenticum超出法律范圍的outsideoflaw超出法律權限的extralegal超過權限exceedauthority;beyondjurisdiction成文法writtenlaw成文憲法writtenconstitution沖突法conflictoflaws;rulesofconflict沖突規則conflictrule;ruleofconflict除（本法）另有規定外exceptforotherwisestipulated(bythislaw)除外條款provisoryclause除外責任條款exclusionclause觸犯公共利益encroachonthepublicinterests觸犯國際利益goagainstthestate’sinterests觸犯人民利益encroachontheinterestsofthepeople;goagainstthepeople’sinterests傳統法律觀念traditionalideasoflaw純粹法學puretheoryoflaw次要法規bylaw次要規則secondaryrule從寬解釋原則doctrineofliberalconstruction從權利accessoryright達到法定年齡comeofage大（的）法thefundamentallaw大（的）法官LordHighChancellor大（的）法官法院CourtofChancery大陸法系ContinentalLegalSystem大律師barrister《大明律》CriminalLawoftheMingDynasty（中）大陪審團grandjury《大清律例》theCriminalLawsoftheQingDynasty(中)《大憲章》(1215)GreatCharter,1215(英)單行法規specificregulations單一法律體系unitarylegalsystem單一制政府unitarygovernment但書proviso當代法學動向currenttrendofjurisprudence當然解釋naturalinterpretation黨紀國法partydisciplineandthelawofthecountry道德規范normofmorality道德義務moralobligation《德國民法典》GermanCivilcode德拉古Draco地方各級人民代表大會localpeople’scongressesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民法院localpeople’scourtsatdifferentlevels地方各級人民檢察院localpeople’sprocuratoratesatdifferentlevels地方各級人民政府localpeople’sgovernmentsatdifferentlevels第二讀secondreading第三讀thirdreading二元論thedualistictheory二元君主立憲制dualconstitutionalmonarchysystem二元論thedualistictheory二元論者dualist二元制bicameralsystem法的本質thenatureoflaw法的變化changesoflaw法的定義definitionoflaw法的發展developmentoflaw法的分類divisionsoflaw法的概念conceptsoflaw法的規范作用normalizedusageoflaw法的繼承successionoflaw法的精神spiritoflaw法的可預測性foreseeabilityoflaw法的類型typesoflaw法的歷史類型的更替thereplacementofonehistoricalmodeoflawbyanother法的歷史淵源historicaloriginoflaw法的連續性continuityoflaw法的內容contextsoflaw法的社會作用socialusageoflaw法的生效operationoflaw法的實現realizationoflaw法的特征characteroflaw法的現象legalphenomenon法的消亡witheringawayoflaw法的形式淵源formalsourceoflaw法的要素elementsoflaw法的淵源sourceoflaw法的職能functionoflaw法的作用roleoflaw法典code;statutebook法典編纂codificationofcodes法定成年人的年齡ageofmajority;legalage法定程序legalprocedure法定處罰statutorypenalty法定代理人：agentadlitem法定解釋statutoryinterpretation法定量刑情節legallyprescribedcircumstancesofsentencing法定年齡legalage;lawfulage法定年齡限制astatutoryagelimit法定期間prescribedtime法定期限legalterm法定權利legalright;rightentitledbylaw法定權限limitsofpowerprescribedbylaw法定人數quorum法定日appointedday法定時間appointedtime法定時效statutoryprescription法定條件legalcondition法定限制statutoryrestrictions法定效力statutoryforce法定刑legally-prescribedpunishment法定形式legalform法定責任statutoryduty法定追溯期timeoflegalmemory法定最高刑maximumstatutorypenalty;maximumstatutorysentence法官judge法官的自由裁量權judge’spowerofdiscretion法官權力范圍extentofjudge’spower法官心證judge’smentalimpression法官中立原則Nemodebtessejudexinpropriacausa法規編纂condificationoflawsandregulations法規的解釋interpretationofstatutes法規匯編corpusofthelawsandregulations《法國民法典》CodeCiviledeFrancais(法)法理jurisprudence;principleoflaw法理學家jurisprudent法律保護legalprotection法律編纂codification法律標準legalstandards法律補救legalredress法律部門legaldepartment法律草案draftregulations法律措施legalmeasures法律大全Corpuslegum法律的本土化和改寫thelocalizationandadaptiionoflaws法律的本質essenceoflaw法律的地位positionoflaw法律的定義definitionoflaw法律的廢止abolishmentoflaw法律的公共秩序論publicordertheoryoflaw法律的規范性normalizationoflaw法律的繼承successionoflaw法律的理想idealoflaw法律的權威authorityoflaw法律的失效lapseoflaw法律的實施administrationoflaw;lawenforcement法律的適用applicationoflaw法律的統一unificationoflaw法律的推定presumptionoflaw法律的推理analogyoflaw法律的完整性integrityoflaw法律的效力范圍force’sscaleoflaw法律的效力形式force’sformoflaw法律的修改alterationoflaw法律的演進evolutinoflaw法律的原理principleoflaw法律地位平等equalinlegalstatus法律對人的效力personalactoflaw編纂法律方法legalmethodology法律分類classificationoflaw法律賦予權力authorityconferredbylaw法律改革lawreform法律概念legalconcept法律根據legalbasis法律工作者legalprofessional漢英法律專業詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學）（二）法律關系legalrelation法律關系的運行processoflegalrelation法律關系客體objectoflegalrelation法律關系主體subjectoflegalrelation法律規定provisionsoflaw法律規范normoflaw法律規范的邏輯結構logicalstructureoflegalrule法律規則體系systemoflegalrules法律含義intendmentoflaw法律另有規定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw法律現象legalphenomenon法律研究legalresearch法律要件legalrequirement法律依據legalbasis法律意見legaladvice法律意見書legalopinion法律意識law-consciousness法律意義legalsense法律用語legallanguage法律與正義先驗論apriortheoryoflawandjustice法律淵源sourceoflaw法律原本注釋gloss法律原理legaldoctrines法律原則principleoflegality法律援助legalaid法律約束legalbinding;legalrestraint法律責任legalresponsibility法律責任的道義基礎moralbasicoflegalobligation法律責任的歸結imputatonoflegalresponsibility法律責任的認定determinationoflegalresponsibility法律責任的執行enforcementoflegalresponsibility法律責任客體objectoflegalresponsibility法律責任主體subjectoflegalresponsibility法律哲學philosophyoflaw;philosophiedudroit（法）；philosophiajuris法律政策policyofthelaw法律職業道德legalethics法律指導legalcounsel法律制裁legalsanction法律制度regimeoflaw;legalsystem法律秩序legalorder法律主體資格capacityasasubjectoflaw法律主張propositionoflaw法律屬地原則territorialityoflaws法律著述legalliterature法律專家legalexpert法律專業legalprofession法律專著和教科書legaltreatiseandtextbook法律咨詢legaladvice法律尊嚴legalsanctity法盲legalilliterates法權right法社會學sociologyoflaw法系legalsystem法協會lawsociety法學jurisprudence法學博士doctorofjurisprudence法學導論leadingprinciplesoflaw法學的范疇體系thesystemofcategoriesofjurisprudence法學的范疇意識theconsciousnessofcategoryofjurisprudence法學的基石范疇fundamentalcategoriesofjurisprudence法學方法methodofjurisprudence法學方法論methodologyofjurisprudence法學會lawsociety法學教科書lawtextbooks法學理論theoryoflaw;legaltheory法學權威anacademicauthorityinlaw法學士bacheloroflaw法學體系systemofjurisprudence法學通論firstprinciplesoflaw法學院facultyoflaw;lawschool法醫forensicmedicine法醫學forensicmedicine法院court法院調查judicialinvestigation法院管轄權competenceofcourt法院管轄以外的extrajudicial法院判決courtdecision法院系統courtstructure法院組織法judicatureact法則articles法哲學philosophyoflaw法制legalinstitution法制傳統traditionoflawsystem法制的精神spiritoflegality法制的尊嚴dignityofthelegalsystem法制觀念legalconcept法制觀念淡薄veryweakintheunderstandingoflaw法制教育legaleducation;educationoflegalsystem法制史legalhistory;historyoflegalsystem法治ruleoflaw法治的機制themechanismofruleoflaw法治的要素theelementofruleoflaw非實質的immaterial非營利的non-profit非約束性條款permissiveprovision廢止法律annulmentoflaw分別管轄權separatejurisdiction分別財產制separationofpropertyregime分別規定separateprovision分擔責任sharetheresponsibility分工負責，互相配合，互相制約divideresponsibilityfortheirownwork;coordinatetheireffortsandcheckeachother分工負責制divisionoflaborresponsibilitysystem分級管理differentlevelsholdingdifferentresponsibilities分配制度distributionsystem分析法理學analyticaljurisprudence否決權powerveto;vetopower否認事實denialoffacts服從法律amenabletolaw;subjecttothelaw服從判決acceptajudgment符合程序beinorder符合法律beinconformitywithlaw符合憲法constitutionality符合憲法的法律constitutionallaw符合原則beinconformitywiththeprinciple蓋尤斯Gaius概括裁定generalverdict概括繼承generalsuccession干擾司法公正interferencewithcourseofjustice剛性條款entrenchedclause剛性憲法rigidconstitution崗位責任制postresponsibilitysystem高等法院highcourt;highcourtofjustice高度集中highlycentralize高度民主highlevelofdemocracy高度自治權highdegreeofautonomy高級法官seniorjudge高級法院superiorcourt高級人民法院HigherPeople’sCourt高級人民檢察院HigherPeople’sProcuratortate擱置setaside;abeyance格式條款clauseofstyle公認的行為準則establishedstandardofconduct規避法律infraudoflaw規避義務evadeobligations規范的法律規則normativeruleoflaw規范法學normativejurisprudence規范性法律文件normalizativedocumentoflaw規范性法律文件的規范化normalizationofnormativelegaldocument國際法internationallaw國際法學internationaljurisprudence過錯方tort-feasor;wrongdoer過錯推定原則doctrineofpresumption過錯責任liabilityforwrongs;tortliability海事法院courtofadmiralty《漢穆拉比法典》CodeofHammurabi合并條款consolidationofprovisions合法的個人財產legalpersonalproperty合法地位legalstatus合法權益thelawfulrightsandinterests合法行為lawfulacts;legalityofpurpose合憲性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法規則ruleofequity衡平法學equityjurisprudence衡平法院CourtofChancery(美)；CourtofEquity（英）后法取代前法Alaterstatutetakesawaytheeffectofapriorone.后法優于前法lexposteriorderogatpriori戶籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered互為因果reciprocalcausation基本法fundamentallaw基本法律規范basicnormoflaw基本方針basicpolicies基本權利和義務basicrightsandduties基本司法概念和假設basiclegalconceptionandassumption技術性法規technicallegalrule家庭法familylaw建立法律關系createlegalrelations教會法canonlaw《教會法大全》CorpusJurisCanonici教會法學家decretalists解釋法律的技術規則technicalruleofinterpretation解釋權powerofinterpretation近因immediatecause禁治產人imbecile;interdictedperson經常居住地：habitualresidence經法律確認的ascertainedbylaw經法律許可authorizedbylaw經驗法學scholastictheoriesoflaw糾問式審判trialbyinspectionorexamination具有法律約束力的文件legallybindinginstrument具有同等效力的withequalauthenticity具有約束力的判例bindingprecedent絕對衡平法absoluteequity君主立憲制度constitutionalmonarchy開羅會議CairoConference凱恩斯主義keynesianism可撤銷的法律行為revocablejuristicact可讓與性alienability可用法律強制執行的enforceableatlaw可預見的foreseeable可直接適用的法律directlyapplicablelaw可追溯的retrospective客觀條件objectivecondition客觀因素objectivefactor客體object擴充解釋amplifiedinterpretation理論法理學派theoreticaljurisprudenceschool理性決定說theoryofrationaldecision理性認識conceptualknowledge歷史法學historicaljurisprudence歷史法學派historicalschooloflaw歷史解釋historicalinterpretation立法機構legislativebody立法權law-makingpower;legislativepower立法委任權legislationmandate立法效力legislativeeffect立法議案bills立法者law-maker;legislator立憲constitutionalism利益沖突conflictofinterests利害關系人interestedperson連帶法律關系jointlegalrelations連帶責任jointandseveralobligation論理解釋logicalinterpretation羅馬法RomanLaw;JusRomanum羅馬法系Roman-LawSystem羅馬皇帝優士丁尼一世JustinianI羅馬法理學jurisprudential《羅馬法律匯編》RomanDigest羅馬法學派schoolofRomanists羅馬－日耳曼法系Roman-Germanicfamily羅馬私法JusPrivatum邏輯解釋logicalinterpretation馬伯里訴麥迪遜案Marburyvs.Madison馬克思主義法律理論Marxism-leninism馬克思主義法學Marxistjurisprudence馬克思主義法學家Marxistjurist沒有事實根據的unsubstantial美國國際法協會AmericanInstituteofInternationalLaw美國海事法庭AdmiraltyCourtsoftheU.S.A.美國聯邦地區法院UnitedStatesdistrictcourts美國聯邦法官federaljudge沒有法律依據的lawless沒有判決先例的案件caseoffirstimpression《民法大全》CorpusJurisCivilis民法典civilcode民法法系Civil-LawSystem民法通則：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw民法學scienceofcivillaw民事案件中“占有優勢證據”的原則“byapreponderanceofevidence”incivilcases民事權利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights民事權益：civilrightsandinterests民事訴訟法學CivilProcedureLaw民事制裁civilpunishment;civilsanction民政部門：thecivilaffairsdepartment明代法規lawsandregulationsofMingDynasty明示或默示的expressorimplied默示表達communicationbyimplication拿破侖法典TheCodeNapolean內部規章internalregulations納妾制concubinage南京條約(1843)TreatyofNanking,1843擬制理論fictiontheory擬制買賣mancipatio歐洲大陸法continentallaw偶然權利contingentright偶然因果關系fortuitouscausalrelationship偶然因素accidentalia偶因accidentalcause排他的權利righttoexcludeallothers派生的權利derivedright派生取得derivativeacquisition判例法系CaseLawSystem漢英法律專業詞匯（法理、法制史、憲法學）（三）普通法法系Common-LawSystem判例法系CaseLawSystem判例匯編reports;reportsofjudgments普通法commonlaw普通法法系Common-LawSystem普通法上的補償common-lawremedy普通法上的過失common-lawnegligence普通法上的留置權common-lawlien普通法學generaljurisprudence強制辦法coercivemethod強制規定mandatoryprovisions強制性法規mandatoryruleoflaw強制性條款mandatoryterm侵犯財產權propertytorts侵權行為法tortlaw侵權責任tortiousliability清理法規checkuplawsandregulations區域性法律體系regionalsystemoflaws取證obtainevidence確權之訴affirmativepetitoryaction;causeforownershipaffirmation確認之訴actionforconfirmation;actioconfessoria權威解釋authenticinterpretation人法humanlaw,statutepersonalia人格減等capitisdeminutio人身不可侵犯inviolabilityoftheperson人身非財產關系personalnon-propertyrelations人身關系personalrelation任意解釋arbitraryinterpretation《日耳曼法》Germaniclaw柔性憲法flexibleconstitution三權分立separationofpowers善意推定presumptionofgoodfaith商法commerciallaw商法典codeofcommerce社會法學sociologicaljurisprudence社會關系socialrelations社會規范socialregulation社會連帶主義法學socialsolidarismjurisprudence社會契約論theoryofsocialcontract社會團體：socialorganization社會主義法學socialistjurisprudence社會主義法制socialistlegalsystem;socialistruleoflaw神法divinelaw神權說theoryofdivineright審查制度censorship;inspectionsystem審計監督supervisethroughauditing審計監督權powertosupervisethroughauditing生效條款operativeclause失效法律expiredlaws失效日expirydate施行細則implementaryprovisions實證主義法學派thepositivistschool《十二表法》TwelveTables實體法materiallaw;substantiallaw實體法上的抗辯substantialdefense實體權利substantiveright實用主義法學judicialpragmaticism實在法positivelaw實在法學positivejurisprudence實在法學派positivist實在主義法學positivistjurisprudence實證法學positivejurisprudence實質條款materialstipulation實質性的瑕疵defectofsubstance實質性解釋materialinterpretation事實的推定presumptionoffact事業單位：institution適用法律referencetothelaw;applicablelaw適用范圍areaofapplication;sphereofapplication適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)溯及既往原則doctrineofretroactivity溯及力retrospect;retrospectiveeffect損害賠償damages梭倫Solon彈性憲法elasticconstitution特別程序specialprocedure特別但書specialproviso特別法speciallaw特殊主體specialsubject提案motion;overture;proposal提出抗辯raiseaplea;raiseaplead條約法lawoftreaties同態復仇retaliation推定合法presumptionoflegality停止生效ceasetohaveeffect外國法foreignlaw外國法制史foreignlegalhistory外國人待遇foreignertreatment完全民事權利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct完全喪失行為能力的人personentirelyincapableoflegaltransaction完全無行為能力absolutedisability萬民法jusgentium違法構成要件essentialconditionofdelict違憲violationofconstitution烏爾比安Ulpianus無國籍人：statelesspersons無條件解釋unconditionalinterpretation無效的法律voidlaw無效法律行為voidact;actwithoutlegaleffect物權property西塞羅MarcusTulliusCicero習慣法customlaw細則detailedrulesandregulations;detailsby-laws狹義解釋narrowdefinition下文另有規定者除外exceptashereinafterprovided先決條件precedentcondition;prerequisite現實主義法學realismjurisprudence現行法律currentlaw;existinglaw限制解釋restrictiveinterpretation憲法的解釋interpretationofconstitution憲法修正案constitutionamendment憲法學constitutionaljurisprudence相對主義法學relativistjurisprudence新分析法學newanalyticaljurisprudence新律NewLaw,Novellae行為規范codeofconduct學說編纂thePandekta形式主義法學formalistjurisprudence亞里士多德Aristotle嚴格解釋strictinterpretation嚴重不法行為aggravatedmisconduct;grossmisbehavior嚴重違法breakthelawonaseriousscale要件importantcondition;essentialcondition一般客體generalobject一般權利能力generallegalcapacity一般主體generalsubject一事不再理的保證guaranteeagainstdoublejeorpardy依法辦案handlecasesaccordingtolaw依法獨立行使職權independentexerciseofpowerswithintheframeworkofthelaw依照法律的規定asprescribedbylaw以法律為準繩takelawasthecriterion依法治國genuineruleoflaw;runningthecountryaccordingtolaw義務性規范obligatoryrule義務主體subjectofduty英美法系Anglo-AmericanLegalSystem永恒法eternallaw優士丁尼法典theCodexJustinianus優士丁尼皇帝Justinian《優士丁尼民法大全》（《國法大全》）CorpusJurisCivilis有法必依ensurethatlawsareobserved有法律約束力legallybinding有條件解釋conditionalinterpretation有效期間timeofeffect;termofvalidity與法律規定不符againsttheformsofthestatute與法律相抵觸的行為actgoingagainstthelaw域外效力extraterritorialeffect援引法律條文invokealegalprovision（古羅馬的）元老院theSenate約束力binding;bindingeffect在法律的范圍內withinthelaw暫行條例interimregulations;provisionalregulation整體法學integrativejurisprudence正當權益justifiedrights;legitimateinterests正式解釋officialinterpretation正式淵源formalsource政法學院instituteofpoliticalscienceandlaw知法犯法deliberatelybreakthelaw執法必嚴ensurethatlaw’senforcementbestrict執法人員lawenforcementofficials執行權enforcementpower直接故意actualintent;directintent直接后果immediateconsequence直接客體directobject直接主體directsubject制定法statute制憲權constituentpower治外法權extraterritoriality;extraterritorialjurisdiction中端時效interrupttherunningofthestatuteoflimitation中國大陸的法律lawofChina’smainland中國法制Chineselegalsystem中國法制史Chineselegalhistory中國特色的社會主義法制socialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacter中華法系Chineselegalsystem《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》theBasiclawofHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeople’sRepublicofChina主要法律體系principallegalsystem自然法naturallaw自然法學派naturallawschool組成合議庭開庭審理：formacollegialpaneltoconductthetrial最高國家權力機關highestorganofstatepower最高人民法院的解釋interpretationofsupremepeople’scourt遵循先例原則TheDoctrineofStare作為或不作為actoromission漢英法律專業詞匯（民商法學、經濟法學）民商法學、經濟法學CivilLaws,CommercialLawsandEconomicLaws按照出資比例：inproportiontoone’srespectivecontributionstotheinvestment辦理注銷登記：canceltheregistration被代理人：theprincipal被侵權人theinfringed本人名義：inone’sname標的subjectmatter補償制度compensationsystem不動產登記制LotandBlockSystem財產法propertylaw財產的添附accretionofproperty;propertyaccession財產抵押權propertymortgage財產繼承權：therightofinheritance財產關系和人身關系：propertyrelationshipsandpersonalrelationships財產管理人propertyadministrator;custodianofproperty財產混同confusion;hotchpot財產留置權encumbrance采用書面形式：inwriting倉單warehousevoucher草簽合同initialacontract;signareferendumcontract;adreferendumcontract長期合同long-termcontract償付能力solvencycapabilityofreimbursement超越代理權：beyondthescopeofone’spowerofagency撤消合同cancellationofcontract撤銷合同cancelacontract;rescindacontract;avoidacontract撤銷權rightofrescission;rightofrevocation撤銷要約revocationofoffer;revokeanoffer撤銷遺贈cancellationowill;revocationiofwill承運人actualfaultofthecarrier承運人的留置權carrier’slien誠信原則principleofgoodfaith誠實信用原則：principlehonestyandcredibility;principleofhonestryandgoodfaith;goodfaithprinciple;bonafideprinciple船舶承租人charterer船舶抵押權rightofmortgagewithrespecttoaship;mortageoftheship;shipmortgage船舶抵押權的設定establishmentofmortgageoftheship船舶抵押的消滅extinguishmentsofthemortgageoftheship船舶抵押權登記registrationofshipmortgage船舶留置權possessorylien;lienofship村民委員會：thevillagecommittee懲罰性的損害賠償punitivedamages乘人之危：takeadvantageofone’sunfavorableposition處分財產disposeofproperties處分權actofdisposition處分原則principleofdisposition代理民事活動：berepresentedincivilactivitiesby代理權終止：theexpirationofone’spowerofagency單獨承擔的責任undividedresponsibility單方法律行為unilateralobligation單方行政行為unilateraladministrativeact等價有償：makingcompensationforequalvalue對等原則principleofreciprocity對價consideration對抗措施countermeasure對人權rightinpersonam;personalright對世權realright;rightinrem惡意串通：conspiremaliciously惡意行為illwillmalafides法人judicialperson;legalbody法人的權利能力legalcapacityofjuristicperson法人的責任能力capacityforresponsibilityofjuristicperson法人權限corporatepower法人人格corporatepersonality法人身份statusofalegalperson法人團體corporation法人資格corporatecapacity法人組織章程：thearticlesofassociationofthelegalperson負共同連帶責任liablejointlyandseverally負全部責任bearallresponsibilities;inallcharge負有解釋的義務accountable負有連帶義務的每個債務人：eachofthejointdebtors附帶的條件incident附帶要求contingentclaim附帶原因contributorycause;inherentcause附條件的民事法律行為：conditionalciviljuristicacts附條件的權利conditionalright賦予權力entitle個體工商戶：individualbusinesses個人合伙：individualpartnership各盡所能，按勞分配fromeachaccordingtohisability,toeachaccordingtohisneeds給付定金：leaveadepositwiththeotherparty工商行政管理機關：theadministrativeagencyforindustryandcommerce公民基本義務fundamentaldutiesofcitizens合同contract合同法contractlaw合同副本copiesofthecontract合同規定contractprovisions/stipulations合同履行地法lexlocicontractus合同期限contractperiod(orcontractterm)合同條款contractterms(orcontractclause)合同有效期contractlife合同正本originalsofthecontract合伙人：partners合議制collegialsystem核準登記的經營范圍：withintherangeapprovedandregistered恢復原狀recoveryoforiginalstate;restitution;restorationofheoriginalconditions;retitutioinintegrum集體所有制企業：anenterpriseundercollectiveownership技術合同糾紛案件controversyoveratechnologycontract監護人：guardian經主管機關核準登記：approvedandregisteredbythecompetentauthority居民委員會：theneighborhoodcommittee履行監護職責：fulfilldutyofguardianship埋藏物、隱藏物：buriedorconcealedobject買賣、出租、抵押、轉讓：besold,leased,mortgagedortransferred農村承包經營戶：leaseholdingfarmhouseholds平等主體：civilsubjectswithequalstatus企業法人被撤銷：thedissolutionofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業法人分立、合并：thedivisionandmergerofanenterpriseaslegalperson企業法人解散：disbandingofanenterpriseaslegalperson契約自由libertyofcontract取得不當得利：profitsacquiredimproperlyandwithoutalawfulbasis取得法人資格：bequalifiedasalegalperson全民所有制企業：anenterpriseownedbythewholepeople讓與alien;alienate;assign;cede讓與的利益benefitofcession讓與權benefitofcessioni設定義務的規則ruleofimposingduty設立、變更、終止民事關系：establish,changeorterminatecivilrelationship所有權ownership書面合同awrittencontract雙倍返還定金：repaythedepositindouble雙方法律行為bilaterallegaltransaction擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alterorrescindone’sactarbitrarily他物權rightoverthepropertyofanother提供一定的財產作為抵押物：offeraspecificpropertyasapledge違反合同breachofcontract委托代理：entrustedagency委托代理人：anentrustedagent無過錯責任liabilitywithoutnegligence無民事行為能力人：apersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconduct無因管理：actasmanagerorprovideservicesinordertoprotectanotherperson’sinterestswhenheisnotlegallyorcontractuallyobligatedtodoso下落不明one’swhereaboutshavebeenunknown限制民事行為能力人：apersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct享有連帶權利的每個債權人：eachofthejointcreditors行使代理權：exercisethepowerofagency宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declare…tobeapersontobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct遺失物、漂流物：lost-and-foundobjects,flotsam以抵押物折價或者以變賣抵押物的價款優先得到償還：tokeepthepledgetooffsetthedebtorhavepriorityinsatisfyinghisclaimoutoftheproceedsfromthesaleofthepledge以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：performundertheguiseoflegitimateactswhichconcealillegitimatepurposes以欺詐、脅迫的手段：asaresultofcheatingorcoercion意思表示showone’sintention意思表示真實：theintentionexpressedisgenuine優先購買的權利：arightofpre-emption優先權priority,preemptiveright有過錯的一方：theerringparty有連帶責任的conjunctlyandseverally有權向債務人追償：havetherighttoclaimrepaymentfromthedebto造成財產損失：causeanypropertyloss責任能力capacityforresponsibility責任年齡capacityofresponsibility;yearofdiscretion債的標的objectofobligation債的發生creationofobligation債的消滅extinctionofobligation占有人有權留置該財產：thepossessorshallhavealienontheproperty指定代理：appointedagency執行合同carryoutacontract,execute/implement/fulfill/performacontract主要辦事機構：themainadministrativeoffice追償：claimcompensationfrom住所：domicile漢英法律專業詞匯（民商事通用語)1、民法通則：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw2、民事權益：civilrightsandinterests3、平等主體：civilsubjectswithequalstatus4、財產關系和人身關系：propertyrelationshipsandpersonalrelationships5、等價有償：makingcompensationforequalvalue6、誠實信用：honestyandcredibility7、適用中國法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC(ThelawofPRCshallapplyto)8、法律另有規定：otherwisestipulatedbylaw9、無國籍人：statelesspersons10、民事權利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights11、完全民事權利能力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct12、限制民事行為能力人：apersonwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct13、無民事行為能力人：apersonhavingnocapacityforcivilconduct14、法定代理人：agentadlitem15、代理民事活動：berepresentedincivilactivitiesby16、監護人：guardian17、戶籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered18、住所：domicile19、經常居住地：habitualresidence20、居民委員會：theneighborhoodcommittee21、村民委員會：thevillagecommittee22、民政部門：thecivilaffairsdepartment23、履行監護職責：fulfilldutyofguardianship24、承擔責任：beheldresponsible25、造成財產損失：causeanypropertyloss26、宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declare…tobeapersontobewithoutorwithlimitedcapacityforcivilconduct27、下落不明one’swhereaboutshavebeenunknown28、個體工商戶：individualbusinesses29、農村承包經營戶：leaseholdingfarmhouseholds30、個人合伙：individualpartnership31、合伙人：partnerss32、承擔民事責任：bearcivilliabilityfor33、按照出資比例：inproportiontoone’srespectivecontributionstotheinvestment34、承擔連帶責任：undertakejointliabilityfor35、追償：claimcompensationfrom36、法人：legalperson37、法人組織章程：thearticlesofassociationofthelegalperson38、主要辦事機構：themainadministrativeoffice39、全民所有制企業：anenterpriseownedbythewholepeople40、集體所有制企業：anenterpriseundercollectiveownership41、經主管機關核準登記：approvedandregisteredbythecompetentauthority42、工商行政管理機關：theadministrativeagencyforindustryandcommerce43、核準登記的經營范圍：withintherangeapprovedandregistered44、企業法人分立、合并：thedivisionandmergerofanenterpriseaslegalperson45、權利和義務：therightsandobligations46、辦理注銷登記：canceltheregistration47、企業法人解散：disbandingofanenterpriseaslegalperson48、企業法人被撤銷：thedissolutionofanenterpriseaslegalperson49、事業單位：institution50、社會團體：socialorganization51、經濟實體：economicentity52、取得法人資格：bequalifiedasalegalperson53、意思表示真實：theintentionexpressedisgenuine54、擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alterorrescindone’sactarbitrarily55、以欺詐、脅迫的手段：asaresultofcheatingorcoercion56、乘人之危：takeadvantageofone’sunfavorableposition57、以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：performundertheguiseoflegitimateactswhichconcealillegitimatepurposes58、具有法律約束力：belegallybinding59、請求人民法院或者仲裁機關予以變更：requestapeople’scourtoranarbitrationagencytoalter60、惡意串通：conspiremaliciously61、有過錯的一方：theerringparty62、附條件的民事法律行為：conditionalciviljuristicacts63、委托代理：entrustedagency64、法定代理：statutoryagency65、指定代理：appointedagency66、委托代理人：anentrustedagent67、被代理人：theprincipal68、行使代理權：exercisethepowerofagency69、采用書面形式：inwriting70、超越代理權：beyondthescopeofone’spowerofagency71、代理權終止：theexpirationofone’spowerofagency72、本人名義：inone’sname73、查封、扣押、凍結、沒收