.2UsingLanguage課后培優練一、單句語法填空。1．Hisdeparturewastotallyunexpectedand,________consequence,noplanshadbeenmadeforhisreplacement.【答案】in【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：他的離開完全出乎意料，因此沒有安排替補人選。inconsequence為固定短語，意為“因此，結果”，故填in。2．Groundwateralsocontains________(dissolve)carbondioxidefromtheairandfromtheexchangeofgasesinplantroots.【答案】dissolved【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：地下水也含有溶解了的二氧化碳，這些二氧化碳是從空氣和從植物根系的氣體交換中獲得的。分析句子可知，動詞dissolve“（使）溶解”和所修飾的名詞carbondioxide之間是被動關系，用其過去分詞作前置定語。故填dissolved。3．Afterreadingthisbook,youwillhaveaninsatiableappetite________moreofherwork.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：讀了這本書，你會對她的更多作品有無法滿足的欲望。appetite常與介詞for搭配，表示“……的欲望/喜愛”。故填for。4．Allthestudentssatintheclassroom,________(wait)fortheirnewteacher.【答案】waiting【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：所有的學生都坐在教室里，等候著他們的新老師。分析句子結構可知，空處為非謂語動詞作伴隨狀語，動詞wait與其邏輯主語Allthestudents之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，要用現在分詞。故空格處填waiting。Butterfliesfeed________asweetliquidproducedbyflowers,whichbeesandotherinsectsalsocollect.【答案】on【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：蝴蝶以花朵產生的一種甜味液體為食，蜜蜂和其他昆蟲也會采集這種液體。feedon為固定短語，意為“以……為食”。故填on。6．Everyeveningafterdinner,ifnot________(tire)fromwork,Iwillspendsometimejoggingwithmydog.【答案】tired【解析】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：每天晚上晚飯后，如果工作不累，我都會花時間帶著我的狗去慢跑分析句子結構可知，ifnot______(tire)fromwork為省略后的條件狀語從句，補充完整后是:ifIamnottiredfromwork，其中betiredfrom意為“因……而疲倦”，當條件狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，且有be動詞時，可以省略從句的主語和be動詞。故填tired。7．Duringthelastthreedecadesinthiscountry,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalexercise________(decrease)sharply.【答案】hasdecreased【解析】考查動詞時態和主謂一致。句意：近30年來，這個國家參加體育鍛煉的人數大幅度減少。分析句子可知，提示詞decrease是句中謂語動詞，由時間狀語Duringthelastthreedecades可知，應用現在完成時態，“thenumberof+n.”作主語，謂語動詞要用單數。故填hasdecreased。8．Chinaprovidesbetterservices________Africanpeoplebytrainingmedicalstaff,publichealthworkersandadministrativepersonnel.【答案】for【解析】考查介詞。句意：中國通過培訓醫務人員、公共衛生工作者和行政人員，為非洲人民提供更好的服務。根據固定搭配providesth.forsb.（向某人提供某物）可知，空格處填介詞for。9．WithouttheInternet,I________(fail)togainalltheinformationIneedforthisproject.【答案】wouldfail【解析】考查虛擬語氣。句意：如果沒有因特網，我就不能獲取我做這個項目所需的所有信息。根據句意可知，此處表示對現在情況假設的虛擬語氣，因此句子謂語用“would+動詞原形”。故填wouldfail。10．You’dbettergiveupyournegativethoughtsbecausetheycangrowrapidlyandcausenothing________(improve)yourqualityoflife.【答案】toimprove【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：你最好放棄消極的想法，因為它們會迅速滋長，對提高你的生活質量毫無幫助。分析句子結構可知improve在句中應用非謂語動詞形式，代詞nothing后跟動詞不定式作后置定語，故填toimprove。三、選詞填空（可變換形式，其中有兩項是多余的）relyon,onbehalfof,name...after,resultin,breakdown,takein,beregardedas,preyon,inreturn,thanksto11．TheNASA’sKeplerspacecraft________theGermanastronomerJohannesKeplerandlaunchedin2009.12．Gettingthetwopartiestogetherwillhelpto________thebarriersbetweenthem.13．Youaresupposednotto________yourparentstohelpyousolvealltheproblems.14．SinceinorganicirondestroysvitaminE,thesetwonutrientsshouldnot________together.15．InancientChina,agolddragonontheemperor’sclothes________asymbolofpowerandposition.16．Hemadeaspeech________allthefacultyandstaffmembers.17．Hedevoteshimselftoprotectingthewildlifewithoutexpectinganything________.18．Competitioncanbehealthy,butifitispushedtooharditcan________envy.【答案】11．wasnamedafter12．breakdown13．relyon14．betakenin15．wasregardedas16．onbehalfof17．inreturn18．resultin【解析】11．考查被動語態。句意：美國宇航局的開普勒飛船以德國的宇航員約翰內斯開普勒命名，在2009年發射。結合下文中的launched分析句子結構可知，此處要使用一般現在時，name…after“以…命名”符合句意，而spacecraft和nameafter之間為被動關系，使用一般過去時的被動語態。故答案填wasnamedafter。12．考查動詞短語。句意：把兩個政黨聚在一起將有助于打破他們之間的隔閡。根據短語helptodosth“幫助做某事”可知，設空處缺少動詞短語，breakdown“打破”符合句意。故答案填breakdown。13．考查動詞短語。句意：你不應該依靠你的父母來幫助你解決所有的問題。根據短語benotsupposedtodosth“不應該做某事”可知，設空處缺少動詞短語，relyon“依靠，指望”符合句意。故答案填relyon。14．考查被動語態。句意：因為無機鐵會破壞維生素，這兩種營養成分不應該一起被攝入。根據情態動詞后加動詞原形可知，此處缺少動詞短語，takein“攝入”符合句意，nutrients與takein之間為被動關系。故答案填betakenin。15．考查被動語態。句意：在古代中國，皇帝衣服上的金龍被視為權利和地位的象征。分析句子結構可知此處缺少謂語動詞，陳述過去的事情要使用一般過去時，結合句意，regardas“視為”符合句意，dragon和regardas之間為被動關系，主語agoldendragon為可數名詞單數，故答案填wasregardedas。16．考查介詞短語。句意：他代表全院所有教職工進行了演講。結合句意可知，onbehalfof“代表”符合句意。故答案填onbehalfof。17．考查介詞短語。句意：他致力于保護野生動物，沒有期待任何的回報。結合句意可知inreturn“回報”符合句意。故答案填inreturn。18．考查動詞短語。句意：競爭是有益的，但是如果過于激烈可能會導致嫉妒。根據情態動詞后加動詞原形可知，設空處缺少動詞短語，結合句意resultin“導致”符合句意。故答案填resultin。四、閱讀理解Test1PhillisWheatleywasborninGambia(inAfrica)onMay8,1753anddiedinBostononDecember5,1784.Whenshewassevenoreight,shewassoldasaslavetoJohnandSusannaWheatleyofBoston.ShewasnamedaftertheshipthatbroughthertoAmerica,ThePhillis.Thefamilysupposedthegirl—whowas“sufferingfromachangeofclimate”,with“noothercoveringthanadirtycarpet”—tobe“aboutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofshedding(使脫落)herfrontteeth”.Philliswasveryintelligent.TheWheatleyfamilytaughthertoreadandwrite,andencouragedhertowritepoetry.HerfirstpoemOnMessrs.HusseyandCoffinwaspublishedwhenshewasonlytwelve.In1770,AnElegiacPoem,ontheDeathofThatCelebratedDivine,andEminentServantofJesusChrist,theReverendandLearnedGeorgeWhitefieldmadeherfamous.ItwaspublishedinBoston,Newport,andPhiladelphia.Whenshewaseighteen,PhillisandMrsWheatleytriedtosellacollectioncontainingtwenty-eightofPhillis’poems.Colonists(殖民者)didnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountess(女伯爵)ofHuntingdonforhelp.Thecountesswasawealthysupporteroftheabolition(廢除)ofslavery.PhillishadPoemsonvarioussubjects,religiousandmoralpublishedinEnglandin1773.ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.ShewroteapoemforGeorgeWashingtonin1775,andhepraisedherwork.Theymetin1776.PhillissupportedindependenceforthecoloniesduringtheRevolutionaryWar.Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.ShemarriedJohnPeters,afreeblackman,in1778.Sheandherhusbandlosttwochildren.Johnwasputintoprisonfordebtin1784.PhillisandherremainingchilddiedinDecemberof1784andwereburiedinanunmarkedgrave.PhilliswasthefirstAfricanAmericanandthefirstslaveintheUnitedStatestopublishabook.ShewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoearnalivingfromherwriting.Phillis’poetryprovedtheabolitionists’ideathatblackscouldbeartisticandintellectual.Herachievementswereusedtosupportagrowingantislaverymovement.1．TheWheatleyfamilyguessedtheageofPhillisby______.A．herweight B．herclothesC．herskincolor D．theconditionofherteeth2．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatCountessofHuntingdon______.A．livedonwritingpoemsB．helpedPhillisgetherwritingspublishedC．supportedindependenceforthecoloniesD．feltsurprisedthatPhilliscouldreadandwrite3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Philliswasonly18yearsoldwhenherfirstpoemwaspublished.B．Phillis’firstattemptatsellingherpoetryinAmericawasillegal.C．Phillis’husbandwasputintoprisonfordebtin1778.D．Phillisfinallybecamefreeafterhermasterdied.4．ThelastparagraphismainlyaboutPhillis’______.A．marriage B．achievementsC．sufferingsasaslave D．fightagainstslavery【答案】1．D2．B3．D4．B【解析】本文是記敘文，講述了第一位出版詩集的美國黑人女詩人菲莉斯·惠特莉的故事。1．細節理解題。根據第一段中的“...tobe‘aboutsevenyearsold...fromthecircumstancesofsheddingherfrontteeth.’（“從脫落門牙的情況來看，她大約七歲”。）”可知Wheatley一家是根據菲莉斯的牙齒狀況看出她正是換牙的年齡，故選D項。2．推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“ColonistsdidnotwanttobuypoetrywrittenbyanAfrican.MrsWheatleywrotetoEnglandtoaskCountessofHuntingdonforhelp...ThisbookmadePhillisfamousinEnglandandthethirteencolonies.（殖民者不想買非洲人寫的詩。惠特利夫人寫信給英國，請求亨廷頓伯爵夫人幫助。這本書使菲莉斯在英國和13個殖民地聲名鵲起。）”可推斷出，在CountessofHuntingdon的幫助下，菲莉斯出版了她的詩集。故選B項。3．細節理解題。根據第四段中的“Afterhermasterdied,Philliswasfreed.（她的主人死后，菲莉斯獲得了自由。）”可知，菲莉斯最終獲得自由是在主人去世后。故選D項。4．主旨大意題。最后一段圍繞菲莉斯所取得的成就展開，她證明了黑人和白人一樣也是有藝術美感的，也是聰明的。她的成功對廢除奴隸制度產生了推動作用。故選B項。Test2Manyofusaredisgustedatspidersorafraidofthem.Wedon'tliketotouchthemorgonearthem,andifweseeoneinourhouse,we'dbetterwatchout.Butdoyouknowthataspider'snaturalcolormayinspireanewshadeofbluetextilesandofferasolutiontotheglareonthescreenofyourphonewhenyou'reoutinthesun?Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.Ateamofscientists,ledbyBillHsiungfromtheUniversityofAkroninOhio,havebeenstudyingtarantulasforsometime.Blueisararecolorintheanimalkingdom,sotheresearcherssetouttofindtheexactnatureofthisblue.Theyfoundthattheouterbodyofthetarantulaiscoveredwithtinycrystalline(晶體的)structures.Thesetinystructuresactlikeamirrorandwhenlightstrikesthem,theyreflectonlyoneparticularwavelengthoflight-blue.Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe“structuralcolor”.Usually,whencolorsareviewedfromdifferentangles,theyappeardifferentbecauseofhowlightisreflected.Thisisbecauseofaphenomenonknownasiridescence(彩虹色).However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.Scientistshaveknownaboutstructuralcolorsforawhile,buttheyhavenotseenthemusedfordye.Withaclearerunderstandingofhow“structuralcolors”work,scientistscannowcreateapigment(色素)similartothetarantulabluetodyetextilesandotherproducts.Watchoutforthetarantulablue-acolorthatmaysoontakethefashionindustrybystorm!5．Whatisspecialaboutthecobaltbluetarantula?A．Itsbodycolorisunchangeablyblue.B．itslegslookcrystalclearinthesun.C．Itssmellisnaturallydisgusting.D．Itsfurcanbemadeintotextiles.6．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingParagraph4?A．Tointroducethetarantula'sbodystructures.B．Toshowthephenomenonofcoloriridescence.C．Toexplaintheprincipleofthestructuralcolor.D．Todiscusstheimportanceofreflectionanglestocolors.7．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AcolorinspiredbyaspiderB．ThedevelopmentofbluetextilesC．AspiderwithstructuralcolorsdiscoveredD．Thecobaltbluetarantula-ararespecies【答案】5．A6．C7．A【解析】這是一篇說明文。講述了科學家觀察到鈷藍狼蛛的身體藍色的特殊性，受到啟發，然后可以創造出類似的顏色。5．細節理解題。根據第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.Whatsurprisedscientistswhoobservedtheeight-leggedfurryspiderwasthatitscolordidnotchangeatallevenwhenviewedfromdifferentangles.(這個顏色是藍色的，靈感來自鈷藍狼蛛——一種原產于東南亞熱帶雨林的蜘蛛。觀察這只八條腿的毛茸茸的蜘蛛的科學家們感到驚訝的是，即使從不同的角度觀察，它的顏色也沒有任何變化。)”可知，鈷藍狼蛛的身體藍色是不變的。故選A項。6．推理判斷題。根據第四段中“However,thebluecolorproducedbytarantulasappearsthesamefromallangles.Scientistsfindthatitisthetinycrystalstructuresonthetarantula’sbodyarrangedinaflower-likeshapethatreduceiridescence.(然而，狼蛛產生的藍色從各個角度來看都是一樣的。科學家們發現，是狼蛛身體上微小的晶體結構以花的形狀排列，減少了彩虹色。)”，結合第三段結尾“Thiskindofnaturalcolorisreferredtoasthe‘structuralcolor’.(這種自然色被稱為“結構色”。)”可知，第四段主要目的是解釋結構色的原理。故選C項。7．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據第二段“Thiscolorisashadeofblue,inspiredbythecobaltbluetarantula(鈷藍狼蛛)——aspeciesofspiderthatisnativetotherainforestsofsoutheastAsia.(這個顏色是藍色的，靈感來自鈷藍狼蛛——一種原產于東南亞熱帶雨林的蜘蛛。)”可知，本文主要講述了科學家觀察到鈷藍狼蛛的身體藍色的特殊性，受到啟發，產生靈感，然后可以創造出類似的顏色。A項“靈感來自蜘蛛的顏色”符合本文主題，適合做標題。故選A項。五、閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。Asimplebadge(徽章)isplayinganimportantroleinhelpinglostseniorsreturnhome.ByscanningaQRcodeonaplasticbadge,anyonewithasmartphonecanreachtheperson’semergencycontact____8____(immediate).“It’sefficientand____9____(save)effort,”saidLiCaoliang,headoftheLeiFengpolicestationinFushun,Liaoningprovince.TheideacametoLiandhis____10____(colleague)fouryearsagowhendealingwithmorethan200lostseniorsinayear.Someoftheoldpeoplegotlostbecausetheyhadillnessessuchasmemory____11____(lose)orAlzheimer’s.Theycouldn’ttelltheiridentity,addressorphonenumber.Sometimes,theofficershadtospendhours____12____(try)tofigureoutwhotocallfromvaguedescriptionsbythelostseniors.Insomecases,thelostseniorshadtostayovernightatthestationbeforetheirfamilies____13____(contact).Thenumberoflostseniorshasdroppedtoaround30ayearsince____14____thepolicedevelopedcameintouse.Chinahas264millionoldpeople,accounting____15____18.7percentofitspopulationaccordingtoitsseventhpopulationcensus____16____(conduct)lastyear.WangJiajuan,_____17_____haslongfocusedonimprovingpublicservicesforanagingsociety,saystheinnovativeQRcodeIDhelpsguaranteethetravelsafetyofseniors.【答案】8．immediately9．saves10．colleagues11．loss12．trying13．werecontacted14．what15．for16．conducted17．who【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種能夠幫助迷路老人回家的徽章，人們通過掃描塑料徽章上的二維碼，可以立即通過智能手機聯系到此人的緊急聯系人。8．考查副詞。句意：通過掃描塑料徽章上的二維碼，任何擁有智能手機的人都可以立即聯系到此人的緊急聯系人。修飾動詞reach，應用副詞。故填immediately。9．考查動詞時態。句意：“這樣做既高效又省力，”遼寧省撫順市雷鋒派出所負責人李曹良說。根據前文It’s可知，此處描述現在狀況，用一般現在時，主語為It，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填saves。10．考查名詞復數。句意：四年前，當李和他的同事在一年內處理200多名失蹤老人時，他們產生了這個想法。根據句意可知，“他的同事”是復數概念，應用名詞復數。故填colleagues。11．考查名詞。句意：一些老年人迷路是因為他們患有諸如記憶力喪失或老年癡呆癥之類的疾病。根據前文suchas可知，此處應用lose的名詞loss作介詞賓語，memoryloss“失憶”是固定短語。故填loss。12．考查非謂語動詞。句意：有時，警官們不得不花幾個小時試著從迷路的老人們模糊的描述中找出該給誰打電話。spend…(in)doingsth“花費……做某事”是固定搭配。故填trying。13．考查時態語態。句意：在某些情況下，迷路的老人不得不在他們的家人聯系之前在車站過夜。根據前文had可知，此處描述過去發生的事情，用一般過去時，動詞contact和主語families之間是被動關系，應用一般過去時的被動語態。主語為復數，主謂一致，故填werecontacted。14．考查主語從句。句意：自從警方發明的東西投入使用以來，失蹤老人的數量已經下降到每年30人左右。分析句子可知，since引導時間狀語從句，設空處引導的是主語從句，作時間狀語從句的主語，應用連接代詞what引導從句，在從句中作賓語，意為“警方發明的東西”。故填what。15．考查介詞。句意：根據去年進行的第七次人口普查，中國有2.64億老年人，占人口的18.7%。accountfor“（數量、比例上）占”是固定搭配。故填for。16．考查非謂語動詞。句意：根據去年進行的第七次人口普查，中國有2.64億老年人，占人口的18.7%。非謂語動詞conduct和所修飾的名詞populationcensus之間是被動關系，故用其過去分詞作后置定語。故填conducted。17．考查定語從句。句意：長期致力于為老齡化社會改善公共服務的WangJiajuan表示，創新型二維碼有助于保障老年人的出行安全。分析句子可知，此處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為WangJiajuan，關系代詞who引導從句，在從句中作主語，指人，應用關系代詞wh