RespectforDiversityRespectforDiversityRespectforDiversityUnit8CONTENTSLearningObjectivesAbouttheTextsPre-readingDiscussionTextATextBLearningObjectivesStudentsaresupposedtousecorrectlyparenthesesandthepresentprogressivetense;learnhowtodevelopanessaybycomparisonandcontrast;understand

themeaningandsignificanceofculturalandcognitivediversity..AbouttheTextsThis

unitexplorestheissueofculturalandcognitivediversitytocultivaterespectfordifferenceanddiversity

onandoutsidethecampus.ReadingAdiscussesthe

importanceofcognitivediversitythatresultsindifferent

cognitivesystemsindifferentcultures,whileReadingBfocusesonthemethodsthroughwhichteacherscan

cultivatestudents’respectfordifferencesanddiversity.Thisunittouchesononeofthegoalsofuniversity

education,whichistolearntorespectpeoplewhoare

differentfromusintermsofrace,gender,ethnicity,cultural

traditions,religiousfaiths,

waysofthinkingandoflife.Onlythroughmutualrespectcanwehelpbuildupwhat

PresidentXiJinpinghasproposedas“acommunitywithasharedfutureformankind”.1.Isdiversityimportanttohumansociety?Listentothefollowingviewsandfillintheblankswithwhatyouhear.Inbusiness,culturaldiversitywithinanorganizationisconsidered(1)______________totheretentionofstaffaswellastheirproductivity.Itisalsolikelytoincreasean

organization’s(2)

______________

andresponsivenesstothediversityofitsclients,

customersandpartnersinanincreasinglyglobalizedworld.

Inaneducationalcontext,diversitywithinschoolsoruniversitiescan(3)

____________

thelearningprocess,enablingstudentstodrawontheirpeers’(4)

__________________experiences.Italsobetterpreparesstudentsfor(5)

_________________

inwhichtheyparticipatebeyondthecampus.Pre-readingDiscussionbeneficialflexibilityenrichwiderand

morevariedthe

diverse

society2.Canyouthinkofotherfunctionsofhumandiversity?Discusswithyourpeersand

illustrateyouropinionswithexamples.Openfordiscussion.華東師范大學出版社Pre-readingDiscussionReadingAWhat

HappenstoCognitiveDiversity

WhenEveryoneIsMoreWEIRD?

KensyCooperriderCulturalBackgroundTextAnalysisLanguageFocusFurtherEnhancementSupplementaryResourcesReadingACulturalBackground“TheWeirdestPeopleintheWorld?”isaresearcharticleco-authoredbyJoeHenrich,SteveJ.Heine

andAraNorenzayan,andpublishedin2010.Thearticleexplainsthatbehaviouralscientistsroutinely

publishbroadclaimsabouthumanpsychologyandbehaviourintheworld’stopjournalsbasedon

samplesdrawnentirelyfromWestern,Educated,Industrialized,RichandDemocratic(WEIRD)societies.

Researchersoftenassumethateitherthereislittlevariationacrosshumanpopulations,orthatthese

“standardsubjects”areasrepresentativeofthespeciesasanyotherpopulation.Yet,havingreviewed

thecomparativedatabasefromacrossthebehaviouralsciences,JoeHenrichetal.suggestthatWEIRD

subjectsareparticularlyunusualcomparedwiththerestofthespecies.Theysuggestthatmembersof

WEIRDsocietiesareamongtheleastrepresentativepopulationsforgeneralizingabouthumans.Hence,

therearenoobviouspriorigroundsforclaimingthataparticularbehaviouralphenomenonisuniversal

basedonsamplingfromasinglesubpopulation.ReadingATextAnalysisStructureoftheTextPartI

(Paragraphs1—2)Anintroductiontothetopic:Humancognitivediversityisdwindling.1)(Paragraph1)Someexamplesaslead-intothetopic2)(Paragraph2)ProposingthethesisstatementThistextisapieceofexpositorywriting,inwhichtheauthorexplainshowhumancognitivediversityis

dwindlingandwhateffectsthiswouldcause.ReadingATextAnalysisStructureoftheTextPartII(Paragraphs3—5)Anexplanationofwhyhumancognitivediversityisdwindlingbycommentingontwo

differentfindingsinpsychologicalresearchPartIII(Anexplanationofhowhumancognitivediversityisdwindlingbyfocusingontwo

aspectsoftheWEIRDtoolkit1)(Paragraphs6—7)Thefirstaspect:ourobsessionwithnumbers2)(Paragraphs8—10)Thesecondaspect:ourfixationontimeandneglectofspaceReadingATextAnalysisPartIV(Paragraphs11—12)Anexplanationoftheeffectcausedbythelossofhumancognitivediversity1)(Paragraph11)Thefirsteffect:Thelossofcognitivediversityraisesissuesofitsown.2)(Paragraph12)Thesecondeffect:Thelossofcognitivediversityraisesanethicaldilemma.ReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(1)ReadingforgistReadthetextandexplainthetitlebycompletingthefollowingtwoblanks.Thensumupthemainideaofthetextwithonesentence.WEIRDstandsfor

(1)____________________________________________________.Cognitive

diversity

is

(2)

_________________

becauseoftheinfluenceofWEIRD.Main

idea:

(3)

___________________________________________________________________________________.Western,educated,industrialised,rich,democratic(societies)dwindling/ebbingHumancognitivediversityisdwindlingasWesternindustralisationbeginstogainglobaltractionReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(1)ReadingforstructureReadthetextclosely

andfillintheblanks

withwordsandphrases

inthe

followingmind-maptounderstandhowhumancognitive

diversityisdwindling

andwhat

effectitwouldcause.ReadingATextAnalysis(1)_________________(2)_________________

_________________(3)_________________

_________________

_________________

(4)_________________(5)_________________WHAT

EFFECTTensofthousandsofyearsagothebasic

frameworkof

understandingtheworld.numberstimeReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(3)ReadingfordetailsAnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonyourunderstandingofthetext.1.Why

doestheauthormentionInuithunters,GurindjiandtheAymarainthefirstparagraph?To

comparewithmodernpeople,andshowourthinkingisnotsodiversifiedasthatinthe

past.華東師范大學出版社ReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(3)ReadingfordetailsAnswerthefollowingquestionsbasedonyourunderstandingofthetext.2.Are

PaulRozin’sopinionandJoeHenrich’sopinioninagreementwitheachother?Whyorwhynot?No.

Henrichthoughtthatitwasgroundlesstosaythathumandiversitywasdwindling

asmostresearcheswerebasedonaparticulargroupofpeople,whileRozinfoundthat

humanbehaviourwasgraduallyconverging.華東師范大學出版社ReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(3)ReadingfordetailsAnswerthequestions.3.Whatisthemeaningofthesentence“TheageofglobalWEIRDingisuponus”(Para4)?4.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“they(mentalframeworks)areliketheglasseswe’ve

forgottenwe’rewearing”(Para6)?It

meansthatwehaveenteredanagewhenWestern,educated,industrialised,richand

democraticsocietiesareglobalizedandinfluencingpeoplefromothersocieties.Heindicatesthathumancognitivediversityisdwindlingimperceptibly.ReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(3)ReadingfordetailsAnswerthequestions.5.Why

arechildreninPapuaNewGuinealearningEnglishnumbersinsteadofadopting“body

count”systems?6.What

istheauthor’sattitudetowardthedisappearanceofhumancognitivediversity?Because

oftheinfluenceofWEIRDtoolkit.

He

feelsthatitisapity.Hethinkshumancognitivediversityshouldbeappreciatedand

maintainedalthoughitisextremelydifficult.ReadingATextAnalysis

TextComprehension(3)ReadingfordetailsAnswerthequestions.7.Why

doestheauthorthinkthatitisdifficulttomaintainhumancognitivediversity?Because

theforcesthatareerodingcognitivediversityarealsoenhancingpositivedevelopmentsforhumanity.ReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin1.

Thesignsareunmistakable:theage

ofglobalWEIRDingisuponus.(Para4)be

uponsb.:tobesomethingthat

someonewillexperienceorhaveto

dealwithsoon

e.g.I’dliketotellyouthatthemost

excitingdayoftheyearwillsoonbe

uponus.2.Many

ofthesementalframeworksaresoingrainedthatwedon’tnoticethem.(Para6)ingrained:(ofbeliefs)sofirmlyheldthattheyarenotlikelytochange

e.g.Thebeliefthatyoushouldownyourhouseisdeeplyingrainedinoursociety.ReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin3.Wecountstepsandcalories,trackinterestratesandfollowercounts.(Para7)interestrate:theinterestpercentthatabankorotherfinancialcompanychargesyouwhenyouborrow

money,ortheinterestpercentitpaysyouwhenyoukeepmoneyinanaccounte.g.Thebankhasplanstocut/raiseinterestrates.followercount:thenumberofpeoplewhofollowacertainIDonsocialmediasuchasWeibo,Twitter

andInstagramReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin4.ButWEIRDquantiphiliaisquicklycatchingon.(Para7)quanti-:fromtheLatinword“quantus”thatmeans“howmuch”-phile,or-ophile(philia):asuffixusedinwordsthatrefertosomeonewhohasaverystronglikingfor

peopleorthingsofaparticularkinde.g.AFrancophileadmiresFranceandtheFrench.quantiphilia:fondnessofnumbersReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin5.

InPapuaNewGuinea,oncehometoarichvarietyof‘bodycount’systems—numberedlandmarksonbody,

usuallyrangingtoabout30—childrenarelearningEnglishnumbersinstead.(Para7)behometosth.:tobetheplacewherethatthingislocatedororiginatede.g.TheHimalayaishometodiverseflora.ReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin6.Wearealwaysorientedtoexactlywhereweareonthelongarrowofhistory.(Para8)beorientedtosth.:tobeorbecomefamiliarwith,oradjustedtosomenewinformationorsituatione.g.Studentsshouldbeorientedtonewwaysofthinkingabouttheirparticipationinclassroomlearning.ReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin7.Now,suchobliviousnesstospaceisgoingglobal.(Para10)obliviousness:thequalityofnotbeingawareofsomething,especiallywhatishappeningaroundyoue.g.Myunclesattherewithalookofblissfulobliviousness.8.

Youcan’tpinmindsetstoaspecimenboard,orstoretheminaseedvault.(Para11)pin:tofixorfastensomethingsomewheree.g.Thecarslammedintothetreeandpinneditselftothesideofthebuilding.ReadingATextAnalysis

Zoomingin9.Thinkingleavesfootprints,ofcourse—inlanguage,inartifacts,inknottedstring—buttheactitselfis

ephemeral.(Para11)knottedstring:Beforelanguageswereinvented,theprimitivepeoplerecordedthingsbymakingknots

onastring.ephemeral:Ifyoudescribesomethingasephemeral,youmeanthatitlastsonlyforashorttime.e.g.Thesepaintingsareareminderthatearthlypleasuresareephemeral.Thesentencemeansthatevenaknottedstringwouldleaveamarkofpeople’sthinking.ReadingALanguageFocusFillintheblankswiththemostappropriatewordfromthefourchoicesmarkedwithA,B,CandD.1.HismotherhastoldTheTimesabouthisdeathinan

___________interview.A.elusive

B.effusive C.exclusive D.evasive2.Graduallyfactoryworkershavebeen

___________by

machines.A.dwindled B.displaced C.dwelled D.misplaced3.Women___________44%ofhospitalmedicalstaffinthisregion.A.consist B.compose C.comprise D.converge4.MarsissometimescalledtheRedPlanetbecauseofits

___________colour.

A.distinctive B.representative C.distinguished D.distractedTask1CBCAReadingALanguageFocus5.The

viewsoftherichesthouseholders

___________

withthoseofthepoorestandcreatedanew

consensus.A.converged B.diverged C.conserved D.divested6.Onthewayhomesheagonized

___________whatsheshoulddo.A.about B.of C.with D.by7.She

writesaboutwomen‘sidealisationoffamilylife,

___________onthetopicofwomen’sfinancial

independence.A.approaching B.verging C.counting D.touchingADAFillintheblankswiththemostappropriatewordfromthefourchoicesmarkedwithA,B,CandD.Task1ReadingALanguageFocus8.One

oftheproblemswithrelationshipsisthatafterawhileyoujusttakeeachother

___________granted.A.as B.for C.with D.in9.Theideaofglassesbeingafashionitemhasbeenslowto__________.A.catch

on B.catch

out

C.catch

at D.catch

up10.Men

over55shouldberegularlyscreened

__________prostatecancer.A.for B.from C.at D.throughAABFillintheblankswiththemostappropriatewordfromthefourchoicesmarkedwithA,B,CandD.Task1ReadingALanguageFocusCompletethefollowingsummaryofthetextwithwordsorphraseschosenfromReadingA.Withthedevelopmentofglobalisation,WEIRD____________havestartedtoholdsway.In

______________

science,_______________introducedthreefundamentalpoints.Thefirsttwoareaboutthe

________________focusofresearchersinthebehaviouralsciencesonWEIRDsocietiesandthesesocieties

werenot_______________ofthewhole.Thethirdwasabouttheconcernovertheimminentglobal

WEIRDingagewhichisvalidatedbyourobsessionwithnumbersand____________ontime.societiescognitivepsychologistsexclusivefixationrepresentativeTask2ReadingALanguageFocusCompletethefollowingsummaryofthetextwithwordsorphraseschosenfromReadingA.The

universalatmospherethat_______________culturesgivewaytoWestern,globalisedonesresultedinthe

______________awayofhumancognitive____________,aswellasotherformsofdiversitieslikemammals,

plants,languagesandcuisines.Technologiesare_____________traditionaltechniques.

Butglobal

WEIRDingalsohaspositiveinfluenceonhumanity.Howtostrikeabalancebetweenglobal

WEIRDingandconservingcognitivediversityremainsadilemma.distinctivedwindlingdiversitydisplacingTask2Task3ReadingALanguageFocus

acronymStudythefollowingsentences

fromReadingAandfindoutthe

meaningofthewordsinboldred.Listmoresimilarwordswiththisword

formation.1.

For

centuries,InuithuntersnavigatedtheArcticbyconsultingwind,snowand

sky.

NowtheyuseGPS.2.…

people

fromWestern,educated,industrialised,rich,democraticsocieties.The

secondwasthatthissliverisnotrepresentativeofthelargerwhole,butofthe

peopleinLondon,BuenosAiresandSeattlethatwere,inanacronym,WEIRD.華東師范大學出版社GPS:globalpositioningsystemWEIRD:Western,educated,industrialised,rich,democraticsocietiesTask3ReadingALanguageFocus

acronymThe

word“acronym”originatedinGreek

bycombiningacr-(“beginning”)with-onym,(“name”or“word”).Itreferstoawordformedfrom

theinitialletterorlettersofeachofthesuccessivepartsormajorpartsofacompoundterm.This

newlyformedwordcanbepronouncedasasingleword,aswithNATO(NorthAtlanticTreaty

Organization),AIDS(acquiredimmunedeficiencysyndrome),RADAR(RadioDetectionand

Ranging),orcanbepronounceddistinctly,aswithFBI(FederalBureauofInvestigation),ASAP(assoonaspossible),LOL(laughoutloud).

Ithasbeenestimatedthattherearemorethan4,500,000“approved”acronyms

nowadays.Themain

reasonforthepopularityofacronymisitsconvenienceand

efficiency.華東師范大學出版社Task3ReadingALanguageFocus

acronymWrite

outthefullnameofthefollowingacronyms.1.

NASA2.

SWAT3.

DOB4.

FAQ5.

OTC6.

GIF7.

TED8.

SCUBA9.

CPPCC10.

PLATask3ReadingALanguageFocus

parenthesisStudy

thefollowingsentencesfromReadingAandfindoutthe

functionofthepartinboldred.1.

ButfortheyoungestgenerationofAymaraspeakers—increasinglyinfluenced

by

Spanish—thefutureliesahead.2.Inglobal,industrialisedcultureswetakeitforgrantedthatwecan—and

should—

quantifyeveryaspectofexperience.3.

InPapuaNewGuinea,oncehometoarichvarietyof“bodycount”systems—

numberedlandmarksonbody,usuallyrangingtoabout30—childrenare

learningEnglishnumbersinstead.4.

Theforcesthatareerodingcognitivediversity—theforcesofglobalWEIRDing—

areoftenthesameforcesthatareraisingliteracylevelsworldwide...Thesesentencesallcontainparentheses.Task3ReadingALanguageFocus

parenthesisParenthesiscomesfromtheGreekwordmeaning“to

place”,or“alongside”.Asastylisticdevice,itisaqualifyingor

explanatorysentence,clause,orword

thatwritersinsertintoasentenceora

paragraph.Parenthesisdoesnotgrammaticallyaffectthetext,

thusifweleaveitout,thesentenceisstillcorrectwithoutit.

Writersmarktheseexplanatoryclausesoffbyroundorsquarebrackets,orby

commas,orby

dashes.Asfarasitspurposeisconcerned,thisverbalunitprovidesextrainformation,interruptsthe

syntacticflowofwords,andallowsreaderstopayattentiontotheexplanation.Itsmainfunctionistogivemoreexplanationandaddemphasis,and

itsrepeatedusecancausefocusandthusmakesparentheticalinsertionsadominantfeatureofa

sentence.Task3ReadingALanguageFocus

parenthesisRewrite

thefollowingsentenceswithparentheses.1.

The

Theyroastedthewinningmuttoninamightyclayoven.Themuttonisthe

size

ofapillow.2.Hertasteinmusicisfromcountrytorap.Hertasteexemplifieshereclectic

personality.3.

HousepricesinAltonaresoaring.Altonisonly25minutesfromLondon.Theyroastedthewinningmutton—thesizeofapillow—inamightyclayoven.Hertasteinmusic—fromcountrytorap—exemplifieshereclecticpersonality.HousepricesinAlton,whichisonly25minutesfromLondon,aresoaring.Task3ReadingALanguageFocus

parenthesisRewrite

thefollowingsentenceswithparentheses.4.

Youmustsympathizewiththereader’splight.Mostreadersareintroubleabout

halfthetime.Butyouneverseektoknowthereader’swants.5.Whetherthestoriesaretrueormadeup,story-tellingisathingyou’retaught,

justasEnglishboysandgirlsaretaughtessay-writing.Youmustsympathizewiththereader’splight(mostreadersareintroubleabouthalfthetime),but

youneverseektoknowthereader’swants.Story-telling(whetherthestoriesaretrueormadeup)isathingyou’retaught,

justasEnglishboys

andgirlsaretaughtessay-writing.ReadingALanguageFocusStudy

thefollowingsentencesfromReadingAandfindoutthemeaningofthepresentprogressivetense.Canwereplacethepresentprogressivetensewiththesimplepresenttense?Whyorwhynot?1.

Onallcontinents,evenintheworld’sremotestregions,indigenouspeopleare

swappingtheirdistinctivewaysofparsingtheworldforWestern,globalisedones.2.Asaresult,humancognitivediversityisdwindling—and,sadly,thoseofuswho

studythemindhadonlyjustbeguntoappreciateit.3.Theworld’syoungpeople,inotherwords,areconverging.4.Now,suchobliviousnesstospaceisgoingglobal.

the

presentprogressivetenseTask3Thepresentprogressiveisusedtodescribeactionsthatareoccurringnow,

actionsthatareinprogress,oractionsthatwill

occurinthe

nearfuture.ReadingALanguageFocusFill

intheblankswiththepresentsimpleorthepresentprogressive

tense.DearMonica,Manythanksforyourletter.I’mpleasedyou________________(enjoy)yourholiday.

When________________(youcome)home?Itwillbegreattoseeyouagain.We_____________(go)toGreecethisyear.I_____________(try)togeteverythingready

intime,butitisverydifficultwiththesesmallchildren.I___________(hope)thechildren

behavethemselvesandgetreadyquickly.Peter____________(have)athree-weekholiday

thisyear,sowhenwegetbackfromGreecewe______________(stay)withhismother

inBrightonforaweek.

the

presentprogressivetenseTask3areenjoyingareyou

comingaregoingamtryinghopehasarestayingReadingALanguageFocusFill

intheblankswiththepresentsimpleorthepresentprogressive

tense.Lydia________________(start)schoolthisSeptember.Jimmy

_____________(hate)goingtoschool.He__________________(shoutandscream)every

morning.PerhapswewillbebetterwhenLydia______________(start)school.Thankyouforyournews.I’mverypleasedtoheareverythingisOKwithIsabeland

Norman.Givemylovetothem.Muchlove,Teresa

the

presentprogressivetenseTask3isstartinghatesshoutsandscreamsstartsReadingALanguageFocusTypicalMistakesFoundinChineseStudents’WritingsSentence1:

BeforcedisnotagoodfeelingasIamnow.Analysis:“Beforced”shouldbereplacedbythegerundphrase“Beingforced”to

functionmoreproperly

asthesubject.Besides,itwouldbebettertoplace“asIam

now”inthemiddleofthesentenceasaparenthesis.Asuggestedversion:Beingforced,asIamnow,isnotagoodfeeling.ReadingALanguageFocusTypicalMistakesFoundinChineseStudents’WritingsSentence2:

I

metherintheregistrationdaywhichwasalsoarainyday.Analysis:Whenaparticulardayismentioned,itisusuallyprecededby“on”ratherthan“in”.Besides,the

sentencecouldbemademoreconcise.Asuggestedversion:Imetherontheregistrationdaywhichwasrainy.Anothersuggestedversion:Imetheronarainyregistrationday.ReadingALanguageFocusTypicalMistakesFoundinChineseStudents’WritingsSentence3:

IamlivinginsouthwestChinasinceIwasborn.Analysis:Asthesentenceisnotdescribingwhatisgoingonatthemoment,but

whatbeganinthepast

andcontinuestothepresent(indicatedby“sinceIwas

born”),itwouldbemorepropertousethepresent

perfectprogressiveratherthan

thepresentprogressivetense.Asuggestedversion:IhavebeenlivinginsouthwestChinasinceIwasborn.ReadingALanguageFocusTypicalMistakesFoundinChineseStudents’WritingsSentence4:

Eventhoughtheydidnotlaughatme,theirimpressionshowedsome

kindofridiculousness.Analysis:Theproblemwiththissentenceisdiction:“impression”isconfusedwith

“expression”,and“ridiculousness”

with“ridicule”.Asuggestedversion:Eventhoughtheydidnotlaughatme,theirexpressionshowedsomekindofridicule.ReadingAFurtherEnhancement

Listening(1)Respectfordiversityisincreasinglybecomingacommonsenseamongpeople.

AccordingtomanagementconsultantanddiversityresearcherRocíoLorenzo,diversity

can

maketeamsmoreinnovative.Listentoherspeechbeforeclass,andthenanswer

thefollowing

questionsinclass.1.

Whatwasthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthediversitystufffifteenyearsago?2.

Whatistheattitudeofmanyleaderstowardsdiversity?3.Howisdiversitymeasuredinthestudymentionedinthespeech?4.Accordingtothestudy,arediverseorganizationsreallymoreinnovative?ReadingAFurtherEnhancement

Listening1.Whatwasthespeaker’sattitudetowardsthediversitystufffifteenyearsago?2.Whatistheattitudeofmanyleaderstowardsdiversity?3.

Howisdiversitymeasuredinthestudymentioned

inthespeech?4.

Accordingtothestudy,arediverseorganizations

reallymoreinnovative?Tomeasurediversity,theylookedatsixdifferent

factors:countryoforigin,ageandgender,amongst

others.Theanswerisaclearyes,noifs,nobuts.Thedatainthesampleshowthatmorediverse

companiesaresimplymoreinnovative.Fifteenyearsago,shethoughtthatthediversitystuffwasnotsomethingshehadtoworry

about.Manyleaderssawdiversityassomethingtocomplywithoutofpoliticalcorrectness,or,in

thebestcase,therightthingtodo,butnotasabusinesspriority.ReadingAFurtherEnhancement

Listening(2)Designaquestionnairetosurveyagroupofpeopleontheirattitudestowards

therelationshipbetweendiversityandinnovation,andthenreportyourfindings

totheclass

basedondataanalysis.Step

1:

Share

your

attitudes

towards

diversity.Step

2:

Discuss

the

relationship

between

diversity

and

innovation.Step

3:

Listen

to

the

material

before

class

and

answer

the

questions

in

class.Step

4:

Conduct

a

survey

and

report

the

results

to

the

class.Openfordiscussion.ReadingAFurtherEnhancementSSpeakingDiversityisnotonlyaninterpersonalstuff,itcanbeintrapersonal.InthisTED

speech“ThePowerofDiversityWithinOneself”,RebecaHwangsharesherstoryofjuggling

identitiesinherlifetime.

Sherevealstheendlessbenefitsofembracingourcomplexidentities,and

sharesherhopesforcreatingaworldwhereidentitiesaren’tusedtoalienatebuttobring

peopletogetherinstead.Dothe

tasksafterhearingthespeech.ReadingAFurtherEnhancement

TranslationMakesenseofthewordsorexpressionsmarkedinboldinthefollowing

sentences,andthentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1.Ittouchesoneveryaspectofexperience:howwerelatetospaceandtime,tonature,toeach

other;howwefilterourexperiencesandallocateourattention.2.Inglobal,industrialisedcultureswetakeitforgrantedthatwecanquantifyeveryaspectof

experience.這涉及我們體驗世界的方方面面，譬如我們如何認識時空，感知自然，理解彼此；又譬如我們如何篩選個人體驗，分配自己的注意力。我們身處全球化、工業化的文化之中，理所當然地以為我們能把自己體驗的方方面面均加以量化。ReadingAFurtherEnhancement

TranslationMakesenseoftheboldfacedwordsorexpressionsintheEnglishsentences,andthentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.3.Fortensofthousandsofyears,aswefannedoutacrosstheglobe,weadaptedtoradically

differentniches,andcreatednewtypesofsocietiesintheprocess.4.InPapuaNewGuinea,oncehometoarichvarietyof‘bodycount’systems—numberedlandmarks

onbody,usuallyrangingtoabout30—childrenarelearningEnglishnumbersinstea