馬來西亞

Malaysia

??????肖樂〔04〕，邱春燕〔09〕，羅昕玨〔03〕

〔一〕Briefintroduction根本概況

1.Basicsituation:

Officialname：Malaysia

Capital：吉隆坡KualaLumpur

Area：330.000平方公里

Population:about24500Religion：Islam雙子塔(TwinTowers〕

Geographiclocation(地理位置)：ItislocatedinthesoutheastregionofSouthern，ThailandandBruneiareinitsNorthern，itsSouthisIndonesiaandSingapore。

MalaysiaisdividedintoEastandWest

Officiallanguage：Malay

Commonlanguage：English,Chinese

Currency(貨幣):Lingit〔林吉特〕

currencycoinsMalaysiaisaconstitutionalmonarchyofthefederalstate君主立憲

NationalDay：August31st

Thenationalemblem.：Unityisstrength

MalaysiaestablishedformalambassadorialdiplomaticrelationshipwithChinaat1974,5,31〔馬來西亞與中國正式建立大使級別外交關系〕

TheNationalFlag

14redandwhitestripesrepresentMalaysiamonospacedoriginalestablishmentofthecountry's14states,fromSingaporefollowingindependencein1965,andrepresentthe13statesandthefederalgovernmenttheequalrelationshipbetween

RedisasymbolofthemartyrsinthebloodshedduringtheperiodofAnti-Japanesewar.Thewhitesymbolizesthepurityandvirtue.ThebluesymbolizestheunityofthepeopleofandCommonwealthrelations.NewpatternsymboloftheIslamicfaith。Fourteenstaralsoknownas"thestar",asymbolofMalaysiaofthirteenstatesandthefederalgovernment,unitejoint.Yellowisthesymbolofroyaltyofcolor.盾面右側(cè)的馬六甲樹代表馬六甲州。盾面下端左邊代表沙巴州，圖案中繪有強健的褐色雙臂，雙手緊握沙巴州州旗。盾面下端右邊繪有一只紅、黑、藍3色飛禽，代表沙撈越州。盾面下部中間的圖案為馬來西亞的國花──木槿，當?shù)厝朔Q“班加拉亞〞。盾徽兩側(cè)各站著一頭紅舌馬來虎，兩虎后肢踩著金色飾帶，飾帶上書寫著格言“團結(jié)就是力量〞。socialetiquettes社交禮儀〔二〕Socialetiquette社交禮儀:

DifferentNationhasdifferentmeetingetiquette.

Nodding

Doesnotshakehandswithothersbylefthand.

Touchhands

Exceptthemen’sformalcontacts，Malayanseldomtouchhandswithothers，especiallybetweentheoppositesex。Andtouchotherswiththelefthandismoreforbiddenned。ThetraditionalMalaysiacustomistouchhandetiquettewhenpeoplemeetothers,onestretchesbothhandstowardtheotherone,theothersideshouldstretchouthishandsandgentlytouchesthefirstone’shands.Thenbackhishandstocoveronhischest,slightlyliftthem,atthesametimebendinghisbodytopresentabow.Atthesametime,theywillwishotherssolemnly:

"Godbless"“Mayyoubesafethroughoutthejourney〞,thebewishedonemustreturnby“wishyouthesame〞(與他人見面時，一方首先將雙手伸向?qū)Ψ剑硪环侥敲瓷斐鲎约旱碾p手，輕輕觸摸對方伸出來的雙手。然后將自己的雙手收回胸前，稍舉一下，同時身體前彎呈鞠躬狀。同時說“真主保佑〞或“一路平安〞，被祝愿者必須回以“愿你也一樣好〞)MostChineseandIndiansinMalaysiameetothers,theyusuallyshakehandsasthemeetingetiquettes

(3)Name

Theyhavetheirownnames,butnofixedfamilyname.(他們只有自己的名字，而沒有固定姓氏)Theyaresensitiveininterpersonalrelationship。It'snotsuitabletotalkaboutthepolitical，therelationshipwithSingaporeandotherwesterncountrieswiththem.Theyregardgrinningallthetimeasabasicpolite.〔三〕DressCodes服飾禮儀Usuallywear"Pakistaniru"namelyacollarless,exaggeratedcoatsleeve.Lowerbodyisenclosedbyalargepieceofcloth,called"sarong".Theirheads,alsowearsabeaniehatcannotbe.通常上穿“巴汝〞即一種無領、袖子夸大的外衣。下身那么圍以一大塊布，被叫做“紗籠〞。他們的頭上，還戴著一頂無檐小帽不可。manwomanGenerallywearingacollarless,long-sleeveddressdress,theirhead,mustbeenclosedbyaturban.一般穿無領、長袖的連衣長裙，她們的頭上，必須圍以頭巾。CeremonialdressMalaysiapeopleliketowearclothesmadeoutofnaturalfabric.馬來西亞人講究以天然織物做成的服裝。Malaysia'snationalcostumeiscalled"Bardi"longsleevetop.馬來西亞人的國服是叫做“巴迪〞的長袖上衣。Ittobatikfabricmadeit.它以蠟染的花布做成。Bardi巴迪InsocialoccasiontheMalaysiapeoplecanwearsuitsordresses.馬來西亞人可以穿著西裝或套裙。FormaloccasionsAbsolutelynotallowhisarmsandlegs.絕對不允許露出胳膊和腿部來。AvoidwearingVest,shorts,shortskirtsaretaboo.背心、短褲、短裙都是忌穿的。ClothescolorMalaysiapeople'sclothingpreferencesforred,orangeandsomeotherbrightcolors.馬來西亞人的服飾偏好紅色、橙色和其他一些鮮艷的顏色。Malaysialovegreen.馬來西亞十分喜愛綠色。Malayanlikeweardagger.Theythinkthedaggersarethesymbolofstrength，braveandwisdom。loveLikewearingMalaydagger.馬來人喜歡佩戴短劍。Daggersymbolsymbolizesstrength,courageandwisdom.短劍象征象征著力量、勇敢與智慧。GotoMalaysiahouse,thedoormusttakeofftheirshoes,andtookoffhissunglasses.去馬來西亞人家里做客，進門前必須首先脫下鞋子，并且摘下墨鏡。DinneretiquetteIslamasthestatereligionofMalaysia.馬來西亞的國教為伊斯蘭教。Relativetaboos

相對禁忌TheMuslimsofMalaysiaisabsolutelynotdrinking.馬來西亞的穆斯林是絕對不飲酒的。Liketodrinkcoconutwater,tea,coffeeandsoon.喜歡的飲料有椰子水、紅茶、咖啡等等。Theyarenotinthehabitofdrinkingboilingwater,drinkteaordrinkwillinsteadofwine.他們不習慣飲用開水，干杯時會以茶或飲料來代替酒。Muslimsdonoteatpork,dogmeat,donoteatdeadanimalsandanimalblood,donoteatallnotslaughterbycanon.穆斯林不吃豬肉、狗肉、不吃自死之物和動物血液，不吃一切未按教規(guī)宰殺之物。Theylovetoeatrice,eatbeef,veryfondofricewithcurrybeef,and"Satay"kebab.他們愛吃米飯，喜食牛肉，極愛吃咖哩牛肉飯，和“沙爹〞烤肉串。CustomAnIndianTheMalaysgenerallyveryhospitable.馬來人一般十分好客。Indiansusuallydon'tliketoeatbeef,butcaneatmutton,porkandpoultry.印度人通常不喜歡吃牛肉，但可以吃羊肉、豬肉和家禽肉。DiningetiquetteMalayisusedtoputfoodontheonthegroundoronthemat,andthensataroundthe.Inthesittingposition,theypayattentiontothedifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.馬來人習慣于將食物置于放在地上或席子上，然后環(huán)繞其而坐。在具體的坐姿上，他們講究男女有別。TablemannersDinner,Malaysiapeopleareveryparticularabouthealth.用餐時，馬來西亞人很講究衛(wèi)生。Beforeeating,theyfirstwashedwithwaterhand.用餐前，他們先用清水沖手。Inthetable,topreparethewaterjar,caneasilyscrubfingermeals.在餐桌上，要多準備水盂，可以方便用餐時刷洗手指。DiningetiquetteIntheformaldinnerinMalaysiawithaknife,fork,spoon,meal,usuallytheyusedonlytherighthandgraspingfood.在正規(guī)的宴請中，馬來西亞人以刀、叉、匙進餐，平常他們只用右手抓取食物。Ingeneral,theIndiansusedtograspfood,withoutusinganytableware.在一般情況下，印度人也習慣于抓取食物，而不使用任何餐具。

Customsand

Taboos習俗禁忌ChineseHibisciRosae-SinensisFlower扶桑花朱槿〔Hibiscusrosa-sinensis〕馬來語中叫做班加拉亞〔BungaRaya〕IslamhaveimportantinfluenceonMalaysia

伊斯蘭教在馬來西亞有重要影響InMalaysia,Islamhasthehighestlegalauthority，andwasstrictlyabideby

people

伊斯蘭教在馬來西亞具有最高的法律效力,并為人民所嚴格遵守Thoughtheweatherishotallovertheyear，theMalayanareverycareaboutthewearing,theystress"dressrigorous,neatattires"inparticular。盡管全年氣候炎熱，馬來西亞人卻非常講究著裝嚴謹，衣冠端正。Inpublicplaces,excessivebarebodyisabsolutelynotallowed.在公共場合，過度裸露肢體絕對是不允許的Itisimproperformenandwomentotoucheachother'shandinpassingobjects男女授受不親Malayanetiquetteandcustomsareindominatedpositioninsociallife

馬來人的禮儀習俗在社會生活中居于支配地位InMalaysia,Malayanwasinthehig