L5-1

Lesson5InternetofThingsandElectronicCommerceText1InternetofThings要點KeyPoints：IoT、M2M、CPSThing/item/objectAutonomous/automaticEmbedded/built-inSensor/actuatorIn……senseVarious/inavarietyTheInternetofThings(IoT)isthenetworkofphysicalobjects,suchasdevices,vehicles,buildingsandotheritemswhichareembeddedwithelectronics,software,sensors,andnetworkconnectivity,whichenablestheseobjectstocollectandexchangedata.TheInternetofThingsallowsobjectstobesensedandcontrolledremotelyacrossexistingnetworkinfrastructure,creatingopportunitiesformore-directintegrationbetweenthephysicalworldandcomputer-basedsystems,andresultinginimprovedefficiency,accuracyandeconomicbenefit.WhenIoTisaugmentedwithsensorsandactuators,thetechnologybecomesaninstanceofthemoregeneralclassofcyber-physicalsystems(CPS),whichalsoencompassestechnologiessuchassmartgrids,smarthomes,intelligenttransportationandsmartcities.EachthingisuniquelyidentifiablethroughitsembeddedcomputingsystembutisabletointeroperatewithintheexistingInternetinfrastructure.ExpertsestimatethattheIoTwillconsistofalmost50billionobjectsby2020.物聯網，又稱傳感網，指的是將各種信息傳感設備，如射頻識別裝置、紅外感應器、全球定位系統、激光掃描器等種種裝置與互聯網結合起來而形成的一個巨大網絡，其目的是讓所有的物與物都通過網絡連接在一起，方便識別和管理。thing、item和object都是用于泛指的詞，類似于事物、東西、事項（item）等，可以是抽象邏輯（logical）上的，也可以是具體物理上（physical）的。An"object"isaphysicalitem.Itmeanssomethingyoucantouch.Ashirtisanobject,butanideaisnotanobject.A"thing"canbeanything.Aphysicalobject,anidea,asituation.BritishentrepreneurKevinAshtonfirstcoinedthetermin1999whileworkingatAuto-IDLabs(originallycalledAuto-IDcenters)，referringtoaglobalnetworkofRadio-frequencyidentification(RFID)connectedobjects.Typically,IoTisexpectedtoofferadvancedconnectivityofdevices,systems,andservicesthatgoesbeyondmachine-to-machinecommunications(M2M)andcoversavarietyofprotocols,domains,andapplications.Theinterconnectionoftheseembeddeddevices(includingsmartobjects),isexpectedtousherinautomationinnearlyallfields,whilealsoenablingadvancedapplicationslikeasmartgrid,andexpandingtotheareassuchassmartcities.“Things,”intheIoTsense,canrefertoawidevarietyofdevicessuchasheartmonitoringimplants,biochiptranspondersonfarmanimals,electricclamsincoastalwaters,automobileswithbuilt-insensors,DNAanalysisdevicesforenvironmental/food/pathogenmonitoringorfieldoperationdevicesthatassistfirefightersinsearchandrescueoperations.Thesedevicescollectusefuldatawiththehelpofvariousexistingtechnologiesandthenautonomouslyflowthedatabetweenotherdevices.Currentmarketexamplesincludesmartthermostatsystemsandwasher/dryersthatuseWi-Fiforremotemonitoring.Field田野、學術、工業領域（有內容）Area區域、范圍，例如parkingareaZone比area更小的范圍Region可控的區域Autonomous自治的；自主的；自發的Automa