大題03閱讀理解說明文歷年考情說明文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱談理解中的CD篇，主要分為兩種類型：實驗研究和介紹說明型。說明文是對事物的形狀，性質，特征，成果或公用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章，把我所說明事物的特征和本質是理解說明文的關鍵，說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法，解釋法，比較法，比喻法，數字法，圖標法，引用法和距離法等。說明文的特點是客觀、簡潔、準確、清晰，文章很少表達作者的情感傾向。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質、結構、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意義和特征等。命題規律說明文所選材料題材豐富多樣，涉及社會、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生態、安全等方面。在高考英語閱讀理解中，說明文所占比重尤為突出。它既要求考生能熟練運用詞匯和語法知識、理解文章語句、把握語篇整體結構，還要求學生有大量的閱讀積淀和知識儲備，熟悉不同的話題和不同的題目考查方式。即便是細節理解題，大多數情況下考生也無法從文章中直接找到與選項表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章細節信息后作出歸納和判斷。通常一套卷中主旨大意、詞義猜測、寫作意圖/觀點態度類高難度試題的考查數量為2道左右，說明文考查此類題目的頻率較高，且命題點呈多樣化。考向預測預測2025年高考說明文閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩定，主要考查題型仍然為細節理解題和推理判斷題為主，主旨大意題和詞義猜測題為輔。【2024全國甲卷】Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutcats'meowingfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sasurvivalskill. B.It'staughtbymothercats.C.It'shardtointerpret. D.It'sgettinglouderwithage.5.Howdoesapetcatassessdifferentsituations?A.Bylisteningforsounds. B.Bytouchingfamiliarobjects.C.Bycheckingonsmells. D.Bycommunicatingwithothercats.6.Whichbestexplainsthephrase"take...upnotch"inparagraph3?A.Performappropriately. B.Movefaster. C.Actstrangely. D.Dobetter.7.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TipsonFindingaSmartCat B.UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC.HaveFunwithYourCat D.HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy【答案】4.A5.C6.D7.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了貓通過叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物來表達需求、評估環境和展示愛意。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.(動物可以用很多方式來表達他們的需求。例如，幾乎所有的動物都有獨特的聲音，它們依靠這些聲音來尋求幫助，嚇跑危險的動物或尋找庇護。)”和“Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother’sattentionandbefed.(貓寶寶一出生就開始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是為了引起媽媽的注意和被喂食。)”可知，貓叫聲是一種生存技能。故選A。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.(貓有許多敏銳的感官，但它們的嗅覺令人印象深刻。它們用鼻子來評估周圍的環境，尋找任何危險的跡象。)”可知，寵物貓通過檢查氣味來評估不同情況。故選C。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第三段劃線詞前半句“Dogs

are

known

for

their

impressive

fetching

habit,

(狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取習慣而聞名)”和后句“Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.(許多貓會在外面隨意找到一些東西，并把它們帶給主人。)”可知，狗以取回東西而聞名，但貓可以從外邊找到東西帶回來，因此在這一行為上更上一層樓。短語take

...

up

a

notch是用來形容貓在帶回東西這一行為上做得更好或更出色。故選D。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Animals

can

express

their

needs

using

a

lot

of

ways.(動物可以用很多方式來表達他們的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介紹和解釋貓的各種行為方式，包括叫聲、嗅覺和帶回禮物的習慣，以及這些行為背后的原因和意義。所以“UnderstandingYourCat’sBehavior(了解你的貓的行為)”作文文章標題最為合適。故選B。說明文閱讀量大，生僻詞匯多，句式結構復雜，這就需要考生有方法有技巧地去閱讀。一般我們采用的方法有三個：細讀、略讀和跳讀。（1）細讀重點。重點，就原文而言，就是文章的基本結構、內容和態度；就答題而言，就是問題所對應的題源句。以這個標準來衡量，需要重點閱讀的原文詞句就不會很多。宏觀方面：文章結構；文章主題句；各段首末句；體現作者觀點態度的詞句。微觀方面：有轉折處；重要標點；句子主干。（2）有選擇地略讀或跳讀。在快速瀏覽了題干，初步把握了文章大意及結構的基礎上，可大膽進行略讀或跳讀，這樣不但可以加快閱讀速度，還更容易總體把握全文。在閱讀中可略讀或跳讀的內容包括：①繁瑣的例證。為了說明問題，作者可能會借用形象的例子，有時候會比較繁瑣，雖能說明問題，但需要讀者花很多時間去閱讀。如果例子所說明的問題不明了，可通過略讀來理解；若例子所說明的問題比較明了，則例子部分可一帶而過。②并列多項列舉。有時許多功能相同的項目并列列舉，那么只讀其中一兩項即可，無需全讀。③無關大局的生僻詞匯。閱讀中經常會遇到一些生詞，如果這些生詞對理解全文沒有影響或影響不大就可略過。④較長的人名、地名。有許多較長的表示人名、地名等的專有名詞，閱讀時可一掃而過或干脆用其首字母代替，不必試圖把整個專有名詞讀出來。在略讀過程中，要特別注意對解題有重要意義的詞、句、段等，并將其儲存在大腦里，以免回頭再查看費時費力。【2025屆河北省石家莊市第一中學高三下學期一模】Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.Withasubstantialportionofthenationsituatedbelowsealevel,theNetherlandshaslongbeenacquaintedwiththeperilsofflooding.Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorologicalphenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityofAmsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotalplayer.Aspertheassertionsontheirofficialwebsite,Resilioisengagedintheconstructionofblue-greenroofsacrosstheexpanseofAmsterdam.Inconjunctionwiththelocalgovernmentalauthorities,fromtheyears2018throughto2022,theyhaveinstalledspecializedroofingsystemsintheneighborhoodsofAmsterdamthataremostvulnerabletotheravagesofflooddamage.Theseroofsarecomposedofamultitudeofstrata.Paramountamongtheselayersisthewaterretentionlayer.Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.Itisthisparticularlayerthatdistinguishestheblue-greenroofsfromtheirconventionalgreencounterparts.Researchindicatesthatblue-greenroofspossessthecapacitytocaptureasmuchas97%ofextremerainfall,instarkcontrasttothemere12%thatregulargreenroofscanretain.However,whattrulysetsResilioroofsapartistheirsophisticatedsystems.Anarrayofblue-greenroofsareinterconnectedviaadigitalcommunicationnetwork,therebyenablingeachrooftobemanipulatedindependently,respondingtothevolumeofwateramassedonthatspecificroofasthesituationdemands.EachroofisalsoequippedwithavalvethatislinkedtoacomputerizedsystemknownastheDecisionSupportSystem(DSS).TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.TheseinnovationsarethehallmarksthatrenderResiliotrulyrevolutionary.Blue-greenroofsexemplifythattheremediestothehazardsposedbyclimatechangenecessitateablendofcreativityandamultifacetedapproach,operatingonvariouslevelstomitigatetheadverseeffectsofourchangingenvironment.8．WhatmaydirectlyleadtothebuildingofResilioroofsinAmsterdam?A．Theincreasingdisasters. B．Thecity’sfinancialsuffering.C．Theever-risingsealevel. D．Thecity’sgeographicadvantage.9．WhatdoweknowaboutthewaterretentionlayerofResilioroofs?A．Theyareslowtodrought. B．Theyareabsolutelyperfect.C．Theyserveadoublepurpose. D．Theycantrapsolarenergy.10．WhatisthemainfunctionoftheDSSaccordingtothetext?A．Tocollectweatherinformation. B．Tocontroltheuseofthevalve.C．Tohelpthesewersystemwork. D．Toconnectthedigitalnetwork.11．Whatmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?A．SmartroofsystemsbecomingarealityinAucklandB．Resilioblue-greenroofsystemspreventingdisastersC．Theworkingprincipleoftheblue-greenroofsystemsD．ThedifferencesbetweenResilioroofsandregulargreenroofs【答案】8．A9．C10．B11．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了荷蘭阿姆斯特丹的Resilio公司如何通過建設藍綠屋頂系統來應對氣候變化帶來的洪水和干旱問題。8．細節理解題。根據第二段中“Theadventofclimatechangehasusheredinaneraofmoreextrememeteorologicalphenomena,includingtorrentialdownpoursandperiodsofdrought,compellingthecityofAmsterdamtocontemplatenovelstrategiesforself-preservation,anditiswithinthiscontextthatResilioemergesasapivotalplayer.(氣候變化的到來開啟了一個更極端氣象現象的時代，包括暴雨和干旱期，迫使阿姆斯特丹市考慮新的自我保護策略，Resilio在這一背景下成為關鍵角色)”可知，建造Resilio屋頂的直接原因是日益增加的災害。故選A項。9．細節理解題。根據第四段中“Duringepisodesofcopiousrainfall,thislayerservestoaccumulatetherainwaterthatwouldotherwiseinundatethestreets,andintimesofdrought,itchannelsitsstoredwatertonourishthegardensituatedontheuppermostlayer.(在大量降雨期間，這一層會積聚本會淹沒街道的雨水，在干旱時期，它將儲存的水引導到最上層的花園中)”可知，蓄水層具有雙重功能。故選C項。10．細節理解題。根據第五段中“TheDSSinterfaceswithlocalweatherprognosticationstodeterminewhetherthevalveonaparticularroofshouldbeopened,allowingwatertobedischargedinacontrolledandgradualmannerintotheseweragesystem,orwhetheritshouldremainsealedtocollecttheimpendingrain.(DSS與當地天氣預測接口，以確定特定屋頂上的閥門是否應該打開，允許水以受控和漸進的方式排放到下水道系統，或者是否應該保持密封以收集即將到來的雨水)”可知，DSS的主要功能是控制閥門的使用。故選B項。11．主旨大意題。根據文章大意以及第一段“Envisionafuturisticrooftopgardensoastutethatitiscapableofdiscerningtheoptimalmomentstohoardwaterinanticipationofaridconditions,andwhentoexpelwatertoavertinundation.Now,suchintelligentroofsaretransitioningfromtherealmoffantasytorealityintheNetherlands.(設想一個未來的屋頂花園，它是如此精明，能夠辨別出在干旱條件下儲存水的最佳時機，以及何時排水以避免洪水泛濫。現在，在荷蘭，這種智能屋頂正從幻想變為現實)”可知，整篇文章都在介紹Resilio的藍綠屋頂系統如何防止災害。文章詳細討論了這些屋頂的結構、功能和創新之處。由此可知，B選項Resilioblue-greenroofsystemspreventingdisasters(防止災害的彈性藍綠屋頂系統)適合作本文最佳標題。故選B項。Passage（1）【2025屆河南省鄭州市中原區鄭州中學高三上學期12月模擬預測】Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.Weallmaybeguiltyofpostingsomethingweakandemotionalonsocialmediafromtimetotime,whichisn’tabadthing.Butpostingrepeatedlycouldbeasignofalargermentalhealthissueinteensoracryforhelp.JournalistRebeccaReidcoinedthetermin2019afteraquestionableInstagrampostbyKendallJenner.Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda“painfulstruggle”withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustacomplicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.Expertssaysadfishingislikelyduetothefactthatachildorteenisstrugglingwithsomethingandwantstoletothersknow.Inthesecases,theyoftendon’tfeeltheyhaveapersontheyfeelcomfortablewithtosharetheirstruggleswithsotheyturntothesocialmediaworld.A2023studyfoundthatteenswhoparticipatedinsadfishingexhibitedsignsofanxietyanddepression,whilelowsocialsupportwasalargecontributingfactor.Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported“highersadfishingtendencies”thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.Forgirls,thetrendincreasedwithage.Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.“Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,”Dr.Nissim-Matheiswarns.“Especiallyifthepostisauthentic.”Andwhileanyresponseissupportiveforachild/teenwhofeelsunseenandunheard,itmayopenthemuptoprivacyviolationsandviolentbehavior.28．What’stheintentionofasocialmediauser’ssadfishing?A．Toshareanopinion. B．Todemonstrateonlineskills.C．Tomakeacomplaint. D．Tosatisfyanemotionalneed.29．WhatcanweinferaboutJenner’sInstagramfollowers?A．Theyhadlittleknowledgeofacne.B．TheyhadtrustinProactiv’sproducts.C．TheywereprobablymisledbyJenner’sstory.D．Theywereencouragedbyonlineinformation.30．Whatdoweknowaboutteenagers’sadfishingtrends?A．Theypeakatage12forboys. B．Theydeclineafterage12forgirls.C．Theygenerallydecreaseasoneages. D．Theydisappearbeforeone’sadulthood.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mocked”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Calledon. B．Laughedat. C．Promoted. D．Supported.【答案】28．D29．C30．A31．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。針對青少年在社交平臺上較為普遍的sadfishing這一現象進行了分析探討。28．細節理解題。根據第一段“Sadfishing,whichresearchersdefinedintheJournalofAmericanCollegeHealthin2021,referstothetrendofexaggeratingpersonalstrugglesonlinetogeneratesympathy.Itcouldbeintheformofasadphoto,anominousquote,orapostwithafoggymeaning.(研究人員在2021年的《美國大學健康雜志》上定義了“Sadfishing”，指的是在網上夸大個人掙扎以獲得同情的趨勢。它可以是一張悲傷的照片，一句不祥的名言，或者一篇意義模糊的帖子。)”可知，對于在社交平臺上發布sadfishing帖子的人來說，他們的主要目的就是激起其他網民對自己的同情，滿足自己情緒上的需求。故選D項。29．推理判斷題。根據第三段“Inthepost,Jennerdescribeda“painfulstruggle”withacneandreceivedalargeamountofsympatheticresponsesfromherfollowers.However,itwaslaterrevealedthatherpostwasjustacomplicatedmarketingplotforherskincarepartnershipwithProactiv,andReidlabeledherbehaviorassadfishing.(在帖子中，Jenner描述了與痤瘡的“痛苦斗爭”，并得到了她的粉絲的大量同情回應。然而，后來被揭露，她的帖子只是一個復雜的營銷陰謀，是她與Proactiv的護膚合作，里德稱她的行為是sadfishing。)”可知，Jenner發布的有關自己治療痤瘡的虛假內容收到了很多粉絲們的同情回復。由此可推斷，她的這些粉絲們很可能被Jenner的故事誤導。故選C項。30．細節理解題。根據第四段“Researchersalsofoundthatboysreported‘highersadfishingtendencies’thangirlsatage12,butthetrenddecreasedastheygotolder.(研究人員還發現，在12歲時，男孩比女孩有“更高的sadfishing傾向”，但隨著年齡的增長，這種趨勢會減弱。)”可知，根據調查，男孩在12歲時具有最高的sadfishing傾向，然后此傾向會隨著年齡增長逐漸減少。故選A項。31．詞句猜測題。根據最后一段“Researchersfoundthat,inmostcases,responsestosadfishingpostswerepositiveandhelpful.Butinsomecases,therewerenegativeresponseswhichcouldleadtoincreasedstressoranxiety.“Whenasocialmediapostisunsuccessfulinseekingsympatheticresponses,itcanalsocausethepersonpostingittobemocked,”Dr.Nissim-Matheiswarns.(研究人員發現，在大多數情況下，對sadfishing帖子的回應是積極和有益的。但在某些情況下，負面反應可能會導致壓力或焦慮增加。尼西姆-馬蒂斯博士警告說：“當一篇社交媒體帖子未能獲得同情回應時，它也可能導致發帖者被mocked。”)”可知，在大多數情況下，對sadfishing帖子的回應是積極和有益的，但當一個帖子在社交平臺上不能帶來同情的回復時，會引起消極的反應，故推知，它的發布者可能會被嘲笑。由此可推斷，畫線詞與Laughedat意思一致。故選B項。Passage（2）【2025屆黑龍江省“六校聯盟”高三上學期聯合適應性考試】EngineersatPrincetonUniversityhavemeasuredthecoolingbenefitsofasimplesolutionforbeatingurbanheat:reflectingsunlightbackfromwhereitcamebyequippingbuildingwallsandroadwaysinurbancenterswithretroreflective(反光的)materials.“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweather-relateddisaster-heatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanescombined,”saidElieBou-Zeid,professorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Severaltechnologieshavebeenraisedtofightagainsttheissueofurbanoverheating,includingcoolpavementsandroofcoatings.However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinanynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhaveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassers-by.“Actually,retroreflectivematerialsarealreadyusedintransportation,wheretheyarecommonlyfoundinroadsignsandpainttoimprovenighttimevisibility,butanimportantquestionishowefficientwecanmakethemandwhetherwecanengineerthemtohavetheperformanceswewant,”saidJyotirmoyMandal,assistantprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineering.Unlikecommonhighlyreflectivematerials,retroreflectorscanreflectincomingsunlightwithlimitedscattering(散射).Consequently,mostsunlighthittingaretroreflectoronabuildingwallorcitystreetwouldbedirectedbackinthesamedirectionitcamefrom-andoutoftheurbancanyon.Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyonandexacerbatetheurbanoverheatingproblem.Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou’reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidth-heightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.8．WhatmayElieBou-Zeidwarnpeopleofinparagraph2?A．Thefrequencyofnaturaldisasters. B．Thieurgencyofkeepingpeoplecool.C．Theunpredictabilityofclimatechange. D．Thenecessityoftemperaturemonitoring.9．Whatisthelimitationofcurrentcoolingtechnologies?A．Influenceuponthecity’sappearance. B．Disturbanceoftheviewofpasses-by.C．Productionofsomethingpoisonoustohumans. D．Inabilitytocontrolthedirectionofreflectedlight.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Relieve. B．Cause. C．Intensify. D．Address.11．Whatisprobablythefinalgoaloftheengineers?A．Toincreaseurbangreenspaces. B．Topersonalizereflectivematerials.C．Tosimplifyexistingbuildingdesigns. D．Toreducecostsofconstructionmaterials.【答案】8．B9．D10．C11．B【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了普林斯頓大學工程師測量用反光材料反射陽光以緩解城市熱島效應的降溫效果，分析了現有降溫技術的局限，闡述了反光材料的優勢及工程師的最終目標。8．推理判斷題。根據第二段中ElieBou-Zeid的話“Withclimatechangeandtheincreasingfrequencyandpersistenceofextremeheatevents,morepeopleintheU.S.diefromextremeheatthanfromanyotherweatherrelateddisasterheatkillsmorethantornadoes,tsunamis,andhurricanescombined(隨著氣候變化以及極端高溫事件發生頻率和持續時間的增加，美國死于極端高溫的人數比死于任何其他與天氣相關災害的人數都多——高溫造成的死亡人數比龍卷風、海嘯和颶風加起來還多)”可知，極端高溫造成了很多人死亡，情況十分危急，由此可推斷出，ElieBou-Zeid是在警告給人們降溫的緊迫性。故選B項。9．細節理解題。根據第三段中“However,whensunlighthitsthesecoolingtechnologies,itcanbekickedbackinanynumberofdirectionsinsteadofinonefocuseddirection,whichmeansthathighlyreflectivematerialscouldhaveanoppositeresultifappliedbecausesunlightcouldbereflectedontotheground,walls,andeventhepassersby.(然而，當陽光照射到這些降溫技術時，它可以被反射到任意方向，而不是集中在一個方向上，這意味著如果使用高反射材料，可能會產生相反的效果，因為陽光可能會被反射到地面、墻壁，甚至行人身上)”可知，目前的降溫技術不能控制反射光的方向。故選D項。10．詞句猜測題。根據劃線詞前文“Inthisway,theretroreflectorscanreleasethesunlightthatwouldotherwisebestuckintheurbancanyon...(通過這種方式，反向反射器可以釋放原本困在城市峽谷中的陽光……)”可知，陽光原本會被困在城市峽谷中，進而加劇城市過熱問題，故劃線詞exacerbate的意思是“加劇”，與intensify同義。故選C項。11．推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Ultimately,theywanttocreateasetofguidelinesforpolicymakers,planners,andmaterialsengineers.Ifyou’reanurbanplanner,forexample,andyouknowthelatitudeofyourcity,thewidthheightratioandthedirectionofyourstreets,youcaneasilyusetheirresultstopickthesuitablesurfacesforapplyingtheseretroreflectivematerialsandestimatethecoolingbenefitsyoumightreceiveindoingso.(最終，他們想為政策制定者、規劃者和材料工程師制定一套指導方針。例如，如果你是一名城市規劃師，并且你知道你所在城市的緯度、街道的寬高比和方向，你可以很容易地利用他們的研究結果來選擇適合應用這些反光材料的表面，并估算這樣做可能獲得的降溫效果)”可知，工程師們的最終目標是根據不同城市的具體情況，為不同的表面選擇合適的反光材料，也就是使反光材料個性化。故選B項。Passage（3）【2025屆山東省日照市高三下學期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoanuncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.Today,about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.Weare,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputseco-consciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdata-usagedecisionsis“liketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(鐵鏟).”Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.8．Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutdatausage?A．Itisenergy-consuming.B．Itiseasyandconvenient.C．Itsnegativeeffectsareignored.D．Itsbenefitsareunderestimated.9．Whatisthefunctionofparagraph2?A．Toentertain. B．Toinform.C．Topersuade. D．Toinspire.10．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“inabind”meaninparagraph3?A．Atrisk. B．Ataloss.C．Atease. D．Atadisadvantage.11．Whatdoestheauthoremphasizeconcerningcarbonreductioninthelastparagraph?A．Theremovalofdigitaldata.B．Thepromotionofecotourism.C．Thevalueofpersonalcontribution.D．Thesignificanceofsystemicchange.【答案】8．A9．B10．B11．C【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要探討了數字數據使用對環境的影響，強調了在AI時代減少碳排放的必要性。文章通過分析數據傳輸過程中的碳排放問題，指出隨著智能設備的普及，數據使用對環境的影響日益顯著。盡管系統性變革是關鍵，但個人在數據使用上的選擇也能對環保產生積極影響。8．細節理解題。根據文章第一段“Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoanuncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.(每次我們制作一個新視頻、發一封電子郵件、發布一張我們最近吃的飯的照片，就像打開了一個永遠關不掉的小燈泡。這就引出了一個讓人不舒服但又非常現代的問題：為了拯救地球，我們應該減少數據的使用嗎？考慮到現代生活在很大程度上依賴于數字數據，這個問題的答案可能是在人工智能時代高尚生活的一個關鍵方面。)”和第二段的“WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.(當你在朋友圈發一條帖子時，它會通過一系列耗能的電子設備。你的Wi-Fi路由器通過電線將信號發送到本地交換機——街角的盒子——然后從那里發送到電信公司，再從那里發送到由科技巨頭運營的大型數據中心。每一個都是用電運行的，這些都加起來了。)”可知，作者指出每一次發送信總、發布照片等行為都會產生碳排放，因為這些行為都依賴于一系列耗電的電了設備。故選A。9．推理判斷題。根據第二段內容“Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.(為什么帖子會產生碳呢？當你在朋友圈發一條帖子時，它會通過一系列耗能的電子設備。你的Wi-Fi路由器通過電線將信號發送到本地交換機——街角的盒子——然后從那里發送到電信公司，再從那里發送到由科技巨頭運營的大型數據中心。每一個都是用電運行的，這些都加起來了。)”詳細解釋了數據發布過程小能源消耗的具體環節，包括數據從用戶設備傳輸到數據中心的路徑及共對電力的依賴。因此推斷這一段的主要目的是向讀者傳遞信息，解釋數據使用為何會產生碳排放。故選B。10．詞義獵測題。根據下文“Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?(畢竟，誰愿意成為一個因為忙于降低搜索的碳足跡而無法正確獲取信息的人呢？)”和作者提到“Thisputseco-consciousconsumersinabind.（這讓有環保意識的消費者陷入了困境。)”環保意識的消費者會inabind可推斷，他們既希望減少碳足跡，又不想錯過獲取信息的機會。因此，“inabind”可以理解為“陷入困境”。故選B。11．推理判斷題。最后一段“Still,there’ssomethingwecando.Whenwefaceadigitaldecision,thelessdata-thirstyoptionwilloftenbethesmarterone.Blockingthird-partytrackingwhenwe’reontheweb,forexample,notonlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofinternetbrowsing;it’salsogoodforyourprivacy.Morefundamentally,maybewedon’tneedtoturneverythingintodata.IfIputdownmyphonethenexttimeI’monatrain,itwon’tsavetheplanet.ButI’llbelookingoutthewindowwithmyowneyes,creatingamemorythatreleasesnocarbonatall.(不過，我們還是有辦法的。當我們面臨數字化決策時，對數據需求較少的選擇往往是更明智的選擇。例如，當我們上網時阻止第三方跟蹤，不僅減少了互聯網瀏覽的功耗；這對你的隱私也有好處。更根本的是，也許我們不需要把所有東西都變成數據。如果我下次在火車上放下手機，那也不能拯救地球。但我會用自己的眼睛看著窗外，創造一段完全不釋放碳的記憶。)”提到，盡管個人行為對整體環境影響有限，們我們仍可以在口常生活小做出更環保的選擇，例如減少數據使用或關閉第一方追蹤。因此推斷作者強調即使個人頁獻微小，也有價值。故選C。Passage（4）【2025屆山東省日照市高三下學期一模】Everytimewemakeanewvideoorsendanemail,orpostaphotoofourlatestmeal,it’sliketurningonasmalllightbulb(燈泡)that’llneverbeturnedoff.Thispointstoanuncomfortableandextremelymodernquestion:Tohelpsavetheplanet,shouldwebeusinglessdata?Givenhowmuchofmodernlifedependsondigitaldata,theanswercouldbeakeyaspecttolivingnoblyintheAIage.Whydopostsproducecarbonatall?WhenyousendapostonMoments,itgoesalongachainofenergy-burningelectronics.YourWi-Firoutersendsthesignalalongwirestothelocalexchange—theboxonthestreetcorner—andfromtheretoatelecomscompany,andfromtheretohugedatacentersoperatedbythetechgiants.Eachofthoserunsonelectricity,anditalladdsup.Today,about400millionhomesworldwidehaveatleastone“smart”device—curtains,electriccookers,refrigerators,andpads.By2028,thatfigureisexpectedtonearlydouble.Weare,inotherwords,beingtakenintoaworldwhereit’shardertodoanythingwithoutturningonadigitallightbulb.Thisputseco-consciousconsumersinabind.Afterall,whowouldliketobesomeonethatcan’tgettheirinformationproperlybecausethey’retoobusykeepingthecarbonfootprintoftheirsearchesdown?Intheabsenceofsystemicchange,worryingoverourindividualdata-usagedecisionsis“liketryingtoholdbackafloodwithabucketandspade(鐵鏟).”Still,there’ssomethingw