PAGEPAGE1第4節三處重點學問重點一基礎詞類的用法?名詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thistrendhashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease.2．(2024·廈門外國語學校模擬)Ifwedon'ttakesomemeasures(measure)rightnow，somedayinthefuture，Chineseculturalheritagemaybestrangetoourgrandchildren.名詞單數變復數一般在名詞詞尾干脆加-s：friend→friends；nation→nations；change→changes；member→members；painting→paintings。3.(2024·四川高考)Anysmellmightattractnaturalenemies(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.詞尾是“輔音字母＋y”時，變y為i再加-es：city→cities；country→countries；enemy→enemies；difficulty→difficulties。留意：詞尾是“元音字母＋y”時，干脆加-s：toy→toys。4.(2024·衡陽八中模擬)ThenIpiledbranches(branch)onmyself，likeablanket，tostayaswarmasIcould.詞尾是s，x，ch，sh時一般加-es：bus→buses；fox→foxes；coach→coaches；bush→bushes。留意：ch發/k/音時，加-s：stomach→stomachs。5.(2024·赤峰市模擬)Twoofmyheroes(hero)havecompletedabigproject.詞尾是輔音字母＋o的單詞，加-es：hero→heroes；tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes。元音字母＋o結尾的單詞，加-s：zoos，studios。6.(2024·福州市質檢)ButChinaandWesterncountriesdonothavethesameculturalbeliefs(belief)aboutdogs.7．Thegreenleaves(leaf)withredbloomsareverypleasanttolookat.詞尾是f或fe時，多數將f或fe變為ves：shelf→shelves；knife→knives；wolf→wolves；少數干脆加-s：roof→roofs；belief→beliefs。8.(2024·銀川一中模擬)Heraisedsixchildren(child)byhimselfafterhiswifedied.名詞復數的不規則改變：child→children；foot→feet；mouse→mice；phenomenon→phenomena；medium→media。?冠詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·河北省五個一聯盟模擬)Asyouknow，scienceplaysaveryimportantroleinoureducation.2．(2024·哈爾濱市第六中學模擬)HepassedaCDstoreandlookedthroughthefrontdoorforasecond.不定冠詞a/an放在單數可數名詞前，泛指一個人或一個事物；定冠詞the特指某人或某物。3.(2024·包頭市一模)Ithasanareaof9,653squarekilometers，andanaveragerainfallof1,200－1,600mm.4．(2024·山東試驗中學模擬)Theremightbeadaywhenthediningtableartcanalsobecomeauniversallanguageintheworld.不定冠詞在元音音素前(不是元音字母)用an，在輔音音素前(不是輔音字母)用a。5.(2024·淮南市模擬)Beingtheworld'smostpopularonlinebattlegame，italreadyhasover200millionplayersinChina.6．(2024·山西省五地市聯考)Inthe1980s，FountaintravelledthroughtimeonceagaintoglanceathowteadrinkinghadchangedinChina.最高級、序數詞、獨一無二的詞前面用定冠詞the。the還用在表示年頭的逢十的數詞復數形式前。7.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thenurseryteamswitcheshimeveryfewdayswithhissistersothatwhileoneisbeingbottle-fed，theotheriswithmum—sheneversuspects.8．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Giveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsideforawhile，exercising，ordoingsomethingyouenjoy.不定冠詞和定冠詞常用在一些固定搭配中。近三年全國卷考到的有asaresult，forawhile，one...，theother...等。?代詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·唐山市五校聯考)Mostparentssurveyedsaidtheybelievedtheirteenswereaddictedtomobiledevices.2．(2024·丹東市模擬)Manystudentskeepupwiththeshow.Theyrefertoitas“theinterestingChineselessonsonTV”.人稱代詞第三人稱的主格與賓格常指代前文或后文出現的人或物。3.(2024·齊齊哈爾市模擬)InaWeibopost，hethankednetizensfortheir(they)loveandpraise.形容詞性物主代詞在句中作定語，常表示物體的所屬；而名詞性物主代詞在句中可以作主語、賓語和表語，但不行以作定語。4.(2024·德州市模擬)Hewhoconquersothersisstrong；hewhoconquershimself(he)ismighty.反身代詞表示動作的承受者就是動作的執行者。5.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey，butneithercontainedanyusefulsuggestions.不定代詞both，either，neither表示兩者；all，any，none表示三者或三者以上。6.Somepeopletakegreatpleasureinhelpingandgivingtosomeoneelsewhileothersfeelhappydoingtheopposite.theother意為“(兩者中的)另一個”；another表示“(三者以上中的)另一個，再一個”；others泛指其余的人或物。7.(2024·泰安市質檢)Tobehonest，itwashardtoimagineitwaseveradesertatall.it可作形式主語、形式賓語或構成某些固定結構。?介詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·四川高考)Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpandaformorethantwoyears.2．(2024·遵義四中模擬)TheMonaLisaisapictureofawomanwithameaningfulsmile.3．(2024·洛陽市統一考試)Iwassoexcitedtovisititwithmyfamilylastsummervacation.4．(2024·沈陽市模擬)ChinesemediareportedonWednesdayeveningthatMcDonald'sChinesebusinesschangeditsnameonOct.12.5．(2024·吉林市一般中學調研測試)ForBritain，thetrainispartofanefforttostrengthentradelinkswiththerestoftheworldasitpreparestoleavetheEuropeanUnionintwoyears'time.1.駕馭介詞的基本用法，近三年全國卷考查到的有：as作為，in在……方面，by乘坐(交通工具)。2．留意一詞多義的介詞，例如with可意為：和……一起；具有，帶有；隨著；用……；憑借……；由于，因為等。3．留意易混介詞的對比，例如表示時間的in，on，at；表示時間的in，after；表示交通方式的by，on/in等。6.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s.7．(2024·廈門市質檢)Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.8．(2024·吉林省試驗中學模擬)Otherssaythataccesstotheseveryspecialpartsoftheworldshouldnotberestrictedtoonlyresearchersandscientists.9．(2024·哈爾濱市第六中學校模擬)Heneverwentoutsidebuthewastiredofstayingathomeandwantedtogooutforonce.1.牢記介詞與動詞的搭配；2．牢記介詞與名詞的搭配；3．牢記介詞與形容詞的搭配。注：近三年全國卷考查到的介詞的搭配有：toandfrom，gobackto，befocusedon等。?形容詞、副詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Ifyoufeelstressedbyresponsibilitiesatwork，youshouldtakeastepbackandidentify(識別)thoseofgreater(great)andlessimportance.2．(2024·南昌二中模擬)Forjustafewmoments，Ifeltnothingwasbetter(good)thanhelpingthoseinneed.3．(2024·湖北省八校聯考)Chinesetraditionaldinnerproceduresusedtobelonganddealtseriouslywith:themoreimportant(important)theoccasion，themorecomplextheprocedureswere.4．(2024·昆明第一中學模擬)ThoughBritain'srelationshipwithteaisfarshorter(short)，teaplaysthemostimportantpartastheUK'snationaldrink.形容詞和副詞的比較級：1．若空格后有than，空格處需填比較級，要特殊留意暗含的比較級。2．“the＋比較級...，the＋比較級...”結構。3．在much，far，still，even，alittle，abit，alot，agreatdeal等后常需填比較級。5.(2024·葫蘆島市模擬)China'snew-generationhigh-speedtrain，theFuxing，isnowthefastest(fast)trainintheworld，whichcantravelataspeedof350km/h.6．Everyyear，duringtheLanternFestival，theChinesevillageofNuanquanhostsoneofthemost(much)beautifulshowsintheworld.形容詞和副詞的最高級：1．表達在某個范圍內“最……”用最高級，其標記詞有in，of等。2．最高級前可用the，oneofthe等修飾。若空格前有這些詞，就很可能填最高級。7.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbeofficially(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.8．(2024·太原五中模擬)Becauseuserscaneasily(easy)remainanonymous(匿名的)，chatroomsoftenattractpeopleinterestedinmorethanjustfriendlychatting.9．(2024·河北衡水中學模擬)IcanbuyandeatwhateverIwantsimply(simple)withatapofmyphone.形容詞變副詞的規則：1．一般狀況加-ly，例如immediate→immediately。2．以“輔音字母＋y”結尾，將y改為i然后加-ly，例如happy→happily。3．以-le結尾，去掉e加-y，例如gentle→gently；以-l結尾，雙寫l再加-y，例如careful→carefully。重點二動詞的用法?動詞的時態?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·煙臺市高考診斷性測試)Whenaballoonflies(fly)intothesky，itdoesn'tendupstayinghere.一般現在時表示常常性、習慣性的動作或狀態；在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時表示將來。2.(2024·四川高考)However，itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then，aftertwoandahalfyears，themotherdrove(drive)theyoungpandaaway.一般過去時表示過去某個時間里發生的動作或狀態；或過去習慣性、常常性的動作或行為。3.Ifyoureadasahobby，youwillget(get)betterandbetteratit.一般將來時表示在將來某一時刻要發生的動作或狀況。willdo還可以表示臨時的確定。4.(2024·牡丹江市模擬)Inrecentyears，learningChinesehasbecome(become)popularamongpeoplearoundtheworld.現在完成時表示動作發生在過去，但對現在仍有影響，也可表示動作或狀態持續到現在并有可能進行下去。5.Hethankedmeforhelpinghimashehadasked(ask)fourothersbeforeandtheytoldhimno.過去完成時表示某一動作或存在的狀態發生在過去某一時間或某一動作之前，即“過去的過去”。6.Iamwriting(write)aletter.Willyoupleaseturndowntheradio？現在進行時表示說話時正在進行或現階段正在進行的動作。7.Hewaslooking(look)forahousewhenhesawanadvertisementinanewspaperoneday.過去進行時表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作。8.Ihavebeenwriting(write)anarticlealltheafternoonandhaven'tfinishedyet.現在完成進行時表示從過去的某一時刻到現在始終進行的動作。?動詞的語態?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·四川高考)Thegiantpandaisloved(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.一般現在時的被動語態構成：am/is/are＋過去分詞2.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Soitwasagreathonourtobeinvitedbackstageatthenot-for-profitPandaBase，whereticketmoneyhelpspayforresearch.Iwasallowed(allow)togetupclosetothesecuteanimalsatthe600-acrecentre.一般過去時的被動語態的構成：was/were＋過去分詞3.(2024·天水市模擬)Wewillbegiven(give)achoicewhenwecomeacrossourearthlynature.一般將來時的被動語態的構成：will/shallbe＋過去分詞4.Stoptalkingatonce；thelatestnewsabouttheOlympicGamesisbeingbroadcast(broadcast).現在進行時的被動語態的構成：am/is/arebeing＋過去分詞5.Thewomanwaswalkingaboutoutsidetheoperationroom，becausehersonwasbeingoperated(operate)on.過去進行時的被動語態的構成：was/werebeing＋過去分詞6.(2024·新余市模擬)However，sinceDonaldTrumpcametopower，certainchangesoftheimmigrationpolicyhasbeenmade(make).現在完成時的被動語態的構成：have/hasbeen＋過去分詞7.Mr.Mathadbeenpersuaded(persuade)togiveupsmokingintheofficebythetimehestartedhisnewjob.過去完成時的被動語態的構成：hadbeen＋過去分詞8.(2024·吉林省試驗中學模擬)Shouldtouristsbeallowed(allow)tovisitpolarregions？情態動詞的被動語態的構成：情態動詞＋be＋過去分詞?非謂語動詞?Ⅰ.非謂語動詞作主語和賓語自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·蘭州一中模擬)Asisknown，playing(play)teamsportsispopularallovertheworld.2．(2024·河南省八市測評)Itbecomesthedutyofmediatoprovide(provide)onlyrelevantandpreciseinformationtothemasses.1.非謂語動詞作主語表示一般行為時用動名詞。2．不定式作主語時，常考查it作形式主語，而真正作主語的不定式后置。3.(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Myambassadorialdutieswillincludeintroducing(introduce)Britishvisitorstothe120-pluspandasatChengduandothersataresearchcentreinthemistymountainsofBifengxia.4．(2024·南昌二中模擬)Atthesightofthesituation，Ismiledandofferedtopay(pay)thebalance，whichwas$20altogether.5．(2024·衡陽八中模擬)ThinkingaboutallthesurvivaltipsIhadlearntonTVshows，Itriednottopanic(panic)．6．(2024·菏澤市模擬)Beforehesetoff，hekilledhimselfbydrinking(drink)akindofstrongpoison.1.有些詞后只跟不定式作賓語，例如agree，decide等。2．有些詞后只跟動名詞作賓語，例如enjoy，finish等。3．有些詞后跟不定式與動名詞作賓語有明顯的區分，例如forget，remember，regret，mean，stop，try等。4．介詞后一般用動名詞作賓語。Ⅱ.非謂語動詞作定語、狀語和補語自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·四川高考)For25days，sheneverleftherbaby，noteventofindsomethingtoeat(eat)!2．(2024·河南省八市測評)Thebestthingaboutthemassmediaisthatitimmediatelyprovidesuswiththelatestinformationaboutthethingshappening(happen)aroundus.3．(2024·六盤山高級中學模擬)ClassicalChinesepoetryistraditionalChinesepoetrywritten(write)inclassicalChineseandtypifiedbycertaintraditionalforms.1.非謂語動詞作定語時，表示將來時要用不定式。2．非謂語動詞作定語時，表示主動和進行要用現在分詞；表示被動和完成要用過去分詞。4.(2024·日照市校際聯考)Butinrecentyears，themuseumhasbeenworkinghardtopromote(promote)Chineseculturalheritageamongyoungpeople.5．(2024·泉州市質檢)However，noneofthehumanstudiesranforlongerthantwoyears，making(make)conclusionsaboutlong-termoutcomesimpossible.6．(2024·南昌二中模擬)Faced(face)withthissituation，shehadnochoicebuttoaskthecashiertocancelit.1.非謂語動詞作目的狀語、表示意料之外的結果狀語或緣由狀語(后置)時，需考慮用動詞不定式。2．非謂語動詞作時間、緣由(句首)、結果(意料之中的)和伴隨狀語時，需考慮分詞。假如動詞與邏輯主語是主動關系，要考慮用現在分詞；若是被動關系要用過去分詞。3．關注-ed在一些固定搭配中的用法。如(be)facedwith，(be)lostin，(be)devotedto等。7.(2024·丹東市模擬)WehopethatNationalChineseCharactersContestwillgetmorepeopletobrush(brush)upourwrittenlanguage.8．(2024·臨沂市模擬)Theyweremadetorecite(recite)sentencesandpassagesfromtheirbooks.9．(2024·山東省試驗中學模擬)It'san“obsessionwithart”thatkeepshermoving(move)forwardonthisroad.10．Whenwesawtheroadblocked(block)withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.1.應熟知跟不定式作補語的動詞，如invite，allow等。2．感官動詞和使役動詞后跟不帶to的不定式作賓補，但變成被動語態后需帶to。3．分詞作補語時，若動詞與賓語是主動關系用現在分詞；若是被動關系用過去分詞。重點三并列連詞和從句引導詞的用法?并列連詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·四川高考)Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby，anditwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.2．(2024·德州市模擬)Wecannotcontrolwhathappenstousinmanycases，butwecancontrolhowwereacttothem.3．(2024·太原五中模擬)Andjustlikeinthereallife，therearesomepeopleonthewebwhocantakeadvantageofyoueitherfinanciallyorphysically.4．Everythingwascheapthere，sowedidalotofshopping.5．Theshortroad，theeasypathandthelightloadallleadtolowergradesinschooloflife.6．Someofusletthesedreamsdie，whileothersprotectthemandtakecareofthemthroughbaddays.并列連詞的基本類型：1．表示并列或遞進關系時要考慮and，both...and...，notonly...but(also)．..等。2．表示轉折或對比關系時要考慮but，while等。3．表示選擇關系時要考慮or，either...or...等。4．表示因果關系時要考慮so，for等。7.(2024·大慶試驗中學模擬)TheotherdayIwasdoingsomegroceryshoppingwhenamanwalkedtowardagroupofusatthecheckoutstand.8．Choosetobehappy，andwecanhavealotofgoodandhappydayscontinually.由并列連詞構成的常用句式：1．bedoingsth.when.../beabouttodosth.when.../hadjustdone...when...。2．祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句。?定語從句的引導詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·銀川一中模擬)Itismydutytoexplaintoyousomeofthehistoryofourcollegeandsomeofthetraditionsthat/whichIhopeyouwillcontinue.2．(2024·河南省六市聯考)Thesedaysthechildrendon'tplayatbreaktimeanymore，andtheyareallinfrontoftheirsmartphones，whichaffectstheirhealth.3．(2024·吉林省試驗中學模擬)Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，whohadalsovolunteeredtohelp.4．(2024·日照市校際聯考)Theparticipants，whoseagesrangefrom7to70，includestudents，farmers，teachersandforeigncompetitorswithaninterestinChineseliterature.5．(2024·包頭市一模)Thecityhasbuilt12state-leveltouristareasbynow，ofwhichoneis5Aclassscenicspotandfoursitesare4Alevel.6．ThoughyoulearnalotofEnglishgrammar，youareafraidtospeakEnglish，especiallywithforeigners，withwhomyouhavetowork.7．Asisknowntoall，nowadaystheInternetisplayingamoreandmoreimportantpartinourdailylife.1.當定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時，要考慮用引導詞that(指人和物)，which(指物)，who/whom(指人)。2．非限制性定語從句中不能用that引導，應考慮用which或who(m)。3．當定語從句中缺少定語時，一般用whose(指人和物)。4．定語從句的關系代詞若在介詞后要考慮用whom(指人)或which(指物)。5．當定語從句置于句首時，要用as。as常指整個句子，表示“正如……”。8.(2024·河北省五個一聯盟模擬)Therearemanygoodwebsiteswhereyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.9．(2024·西安市第一中學模擬)Therootsofthecarnivaldatebackto1833，whenslaverywasabolished(廢除)．10．Thereasonwhyherefusedtoattendthemeetingwasthattheydidn'tgivehimaninvitationearlier.當定語從句中缺少時間狀語、地點狀語或緣由狀語時，要考慮用when，where或why。?名詞性從句的引導詞?自查自糾要點歸納1.(2024·綿陽市模擬)Fortenyears，therewasnoevidencethatthisfigureexisted；justafeweyewitnessaccountsinthenewspaper.2．(2024·包頭九中模擬)Thequestioniswhetheryouarereadyatthistimetogoforit.名詞從句包括：主語、賓語、表語、同位語從句。當名詞性從句中缺少引導詞，但引導詞不作任何成分時，要考慮用that或whether。3.(2024·煙臺市診斷性測試)Whatweshoulddoistogetcreativeandcomeupwithalternativewaystocelebrate.4．Ihavenoideawhowillbeinchargeofthecompanywhenthemanagerisaway.5．Whoeverhashelpedtosavethedrowningboyisworthpraising.當名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓