考研英語(yǔ)(閱讀)模擬試卷588

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共25題，每題

分,共25分。)

|A]Thesorioffaultythinkingcalledmotivatedreasoningalsoblocksoursearchfortruth

butadvancesarguments.Forinstance,wetendtolookharderforflawsinasiudywhen

wedon'tagreewithitsconclusionsandaremorecriticalofevidencethatunderminesour

pointofview.SobirthersdismissevidenceofferedbyHawaiianofficialsthatObama's

birthcertificateisreal,anddeath-penaltyfoesareadeptatfindingflawsinstudiesthat

concludecapitalpunishmentdeterscrime.Whilemotivatedreasoningmaycloudour

viewofrealityandkeepusfromobjectivelyassessingevidence,Merciersays,byletting

ustoacceptflaws(realornotjinthatevidenceitpreparesustomountadestroying

strategyinarguments.[B]Anothcrformofflawedreasoningshowsupinlogicpuzzles.

Considerthesyllogism"NoCareB;allBarcA;thereforesomeAarcnotC.MIsittrue?

Fewerthan10percentofusfigureoutthatitis.Onereasonisthattoevaluateitsvalidity

requiresconstructingcounterexamples(findinganAthatisaC,fbrinstance).Butfinding

counterexamplescan,ingeneral,inventourconfidenceinourownarguments.

ICJWomenarebaddrivers,Saddamplotted9-11,ObamawasnotbominAmerica,and

Iraqhadweaponsofmassdestruction:tobelieveanyoftheserequiresstoppingsomeof

ourcritical-thinkingfacultiesandsuccumbinginstead(othekindofirrationalitythat

drives(helogicallymindedcrazy.Ithelps,forinstance,touseconfirmationbias.Italso

helpsnottotestyourbeliefsagainstempiricaldata;nottosubjectbeliefstothe

plausibilitytest;andtobeguidedbyemotion,[D]Eventhesunk-costfallacy,whichhas

trippedupeveryonefromsupportersofalosingwartoalosingstock,reflectsreasoning

thatturnsitsbackonlogicbutwinsargumentsbecausetheemotionsitappealstoare

universal.IfMercierisright,thesunk-costfallacy,confirmationbias,andtheotherforms

ofirrationalitywillbewithusaslongashumansliketoargue.Thatis,forever.[E]An

ideasweepingthroughtheranksofphilosophersandcognitivescientistssuggestswhy

thisisso.Thereasonwesuccumbtoconfirmationbias,whyweareblindto

counterexamples,andwhywefallshortofCartesianlogicinsomanyotherwaysisthat

theseoversightshaveapurpose:theyhelpus"inventandevaluateargumentsthatare

intendedtopersuadeotherpeople."sayspsychologistHugoMercieroftheUniversityof

Pennsylvania.Failuresoflogic,hepropose,areinfacteffectivearmstowinarguments.

Thatputspoorreasoninginacompletelydifferentlight.Arguing,afterall,islessabout

seekingtruth(hanaboutovercomingopposingviews.Sowhileconfirmationbias,fbr

instance,maymisleadusaboutwhat'strueandreal,bylettingexamplesthatsupportour

viewmonopolizeourmemoryandperception,itmaximizesthearmsweusewhentrying

toconvincesomeonethat,say,hereallyis"lateallthetime."[F]Formsofreasoningthat

aregoodfbrsolvingproblemsandwinningargumentsloseout,overthecourseof

evolution.Infact,rationalityreferstothesuccessofgoalattainment,whateverthose

goalsmaybe.Sometimes,rationalityisequatedwithbehaviorthatisself-interestedtothe

pointofbeingselfish.Sometimesrationalityimplieshavingcompleteknowledgeabout

allthedetailsofagivensituation.［G］Thcfactthathumansaresubjecttoallthesefailures

ofrationalthoughtseemstomakenosense.Reasonissupposedtohethehighest

achievementofthehumanmind,and(heroutetoknowledgeandwisedecisions.Butas

psychologistshavebeendocumentingsincethe1960s,humansarereally,reallybadat

reasoning.It'snotjustthatwefollowouremotionssooften,incontextsfromvotingto

ethics.No,evenwhenweintendtodeploythefullforceofourrationalfaculties,we

oftenfailed.Order:I「L.PIA］_］卜囚|

1、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章的首段應(yīng)該是引出問(wèn)題或提出某種現(xiàn)象，從而進(jìn)行下一步分析。

［C］首先用幾個(gè)例子引出問(wèn)題：這幾個(gè)事情使我們屈從于邪理性，符合文章的行文

順序，可以作為備選答案。出］第一句指出：另一種邏輯的失誤表現(xiàn)在邏輯游戲

上，可見(jiàn)，上文已經(jīng)提到了一種邏輯的失誤，因此排除［B］；［D］的首句指出：即便

是沉沒(méi)成本謬論……表示讓步，說(shuō)明上文有內(nèi)容，可排除［D］；［E］首句指出：在心

理學(xué)家和認(rèn)知科學(xué)家中間普遍流行的一種觀點(diǎn)解釋了其中的原因(whythisisso),可

以看出上文必然提到了this指的是什么，因此可以排除［E］；［F］首句提到：說(shuō)理的

形式……，在下文并沒(méi)有細(xì)舉說(shuō)理的形式，而是一直在定義理性(rationality),因此

必然有在上文提及，因此可排除［F］：［G］項(xiàng)首旬提到：人們總是受制于所有這些

(mese)理性思維失誤，可見(jiàn)，上文必然提到了有哪些失誤，因此可以排除［G］。分

析所有選項(xiàng)后可以得知，［C］應(yīng)該是本文的首段。

2、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章首段，即［C］項(xiàng)提出現(xiàn)象：要相信任何上述事情都需要暫停我們

的某些理性的思考，轉(zhuǎn)而向非理性低頭，這讓我們理性的大腦瘋狂，可.知下文必然

會(huì)就理性與非理性進(jìn)行探討，而［C］項(xiàng)最后一句中的Ithelps中的it指代的是非理

性，因此可以判斷下文應(yīng)該主要討論非理性。［G］項(xiàng)首句市的failuresofrational

thought指的就是非理性，并且［G］項(xiàng)進(jìn)一步提出了問(wèn)題：humansarebadat

reasoning?因此可以作為名選答案。［B］項(xiàng)首句提到Anotherformofflawedrcason-

ing,而［C］項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明一種flawedreasoning的形式,因此可以排除;［D］項(xiàng)提到

了非理性思考有利于爭(zhēng)辯，也和［C］項(xiàng)不相符，可以排除；［E］項(xiàng)首句提到：在心理

學(xué)家和認(rèn)知科學(xué)家中間普遍流行的一種觀點(diǎn)解釋了其中的原因，這似乎也和上文能

銜接上，但是［E］項(xiàng)第二句指出其原因是我們作為人類缺乏邏輯的原因，與［C］的意

思不銜接；［F］項(xiàng)首句提到Formsofreasoning,后面卻■直在定義理性

(rationality),這也和［C］項(xiàng)無(wú)法合理連接，可排除。因此可知答案為［G］。

3、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：［G］項(xiàng)提出問(wèn)題：人類不善于理性思考，即便我們有意愿充分發(fā)揮我

們的理性思考的能力，也總是失敗。因此下文應(yīng)該是針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的分析。綜觀其

余的幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有［E］項(xiàng)符合邏輯，［E］項(xiàng)首句提到：在心理學(xué)家和認(rèn)知科學(xué)家中

間普遍流行的一種觀點(diǎn)解釋了其中的原因(whythisisso),這個(gè)原因就是指人類不善

于理性思考的原因，因此［E］項(xiàng)為答案。［B］項(xiàng)首句提到Anotherformofflawed

reasoning,而［G］項(xiàng)并沒(méi)有說(shuō)明一種flawedreasoning的形式，因此可以排除；同

樣，［D］項(xiàng)也提到了非理性思考有利于爭(zhēng)辯，而上文的［G］項(xiàng)并未提到，因此可以排

除；［F］項(xiàng)首句提到了Formsofreasoning,而后面一直在定義理性(ralionalily),這

和［G］項(xiàng)也無(wú)法銜接，故排除。

4、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；［E］項(xiàng)后面指出；證實(shí)性偏見(jiàn)(confirmationbias)會(huì)誤導(dǎo)我們的是非觀

念，它使得那些支持我們觀點(diǎn)的例子獨(dú)占我們的記憶和視野，而前一句提到了

poorreasoning,可見(jiàn)，證實(shí)性偏見(jiàn)屬于一種形式的poorreasoning,綜觀剩下的選

項(xiàng)，［B］項(xiàng)首句提到Anotherformofflawedreasoning,其口poorreasoning和flawed

reasoning屬于同義替換，因此［B］項(xiàng)應(yīng)該在［E］項(xiàng)之后。

5、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：上文提到有一種被稱作動(dòng)機(jī)性推理的錯(cuò)誤思考同樣阻礙著我們尋求真

理，但是卻促進(jìn)「爭(zhēng)辯，并且舉例進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。在剩下的［D］項(xiàng)和［F］項(xiàng)中，［D］項(xiàng)討論

的是理性思考背離邏楫但是贏得了爭(zhēng)辯，和上文可以順利銜接，并且最后指出：只

要人類還愿意爭(zhēng)辯，沉沒(méi)成本謬論、證實(shí)性偏見(jiàn)以及其他形式的非理性思考會(huì)一直

伴隨著人類，直到永遠(yuǎn)。也符合文章的結(jié)尾，因此［D］項(xiàng)正確。［F］項(xiàng)提到Formsof

reasoning,但是后面一直在定義理性(raHonalily),因此可以排除。

Atthispoint,mostofusgenerallyhaveaclueaboutthebasicsofstayingingood

health-eatwell,exercise,don'tdrinktoomuchanddon'tsmoke.Andplentyofresearch

hasbeendedicatedtoexploringhowfailingonanyofthosefronts,orevenmorethanone

atatime,canbedetrimentaltooverallhealth.Yet,formanypeople,thosebadhabits

haveawayofaccumulating.And,ac-cordingtoanewstudypublished(hisweekinthe

ArchivesofInternalMedicine,theircumulativeimpactcanbeprettygrim.Inananalysis

ofnearly5,000adultstrackedfortwodecades,researchersfoundthatstackingupthese

fburbadhabitscanworktogethertoprematurelyageyoubyasmuchas12years.

Lookedatindependently,theriskybehaviorsincludedsmoking,asedentarylifestyle,

littleconsumptionoffruitandvegetablesandregulardrinking—anaverageofthree

drinksperdayfbrmen,ortwofbrwomen.Whencomparedtopeoplewhohadthemost

healthyhabits—thosewhoneversmoked,exercisedatleasttwohoursperweek,ate

plentyoffruitsandvegetablesanddidn'tdrinkatall,ordrankmoremoderately,those

withallfourbadhabitshadanincreasedriskofdeathequivalenttobeing12yearsolder.

Infact,thestudyauthorssaythatcomparedwithpracticingnoneofthesebadhabits,the

combinedeffectofallfburbehaviorstripledorevenquadrupledtheriskofdeath.Asthe

AssociatedPresspointsout:Overall,314peoplestudiedhadallfourunhealthybehaviors.

Amongthem.91diedduringthestudy,or29percent.Amongthe387healthiestpeople

withnoneofthefburhabits,only32died,orabout8percent.Ofcourse,whilethese

C、besimplecommonsenses

D^makeuslivelonger

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從文章最后一句Dr.WalterWillett寫給時(shí)代雜志的話看

來(lái)，他認(rèn)為健康的生活方式將有助于人們享受長(zhǎng)壽，所以D項(xiàng)正確。

10^Whichofthefollowingistrueofthetext?

A^Maintainingexerciseswillincreaseourchancesoflivingtoanoldage.

B、Theideaofcombinedeffectsofharmfulbehaviorsisnewtothepublic.

C、Drinkingwillbedetrimentaltopeople'soverallhealthjustassmoking.

D^Avoidingcertainbehaviorswillimprovepeople'soverallphysicalcondition.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。原文最后一段第三句提到“改善人們健康狀況的簡(jiǎn)單且

常識(shí)性的措施值得提倡“。也即避免不良行為習(xí)慣會(huì)改善人的健康狀況，D項(xiàng)的表

述與原文意思一致，故為答案。

ThomasHardy'simpulsesasawriter,allofwhichheindulgedinhisnovels,were

numerousanddivergent,andtheydidnotalwaysworktogetherinharmony.Hardywas

tosomedegreeinterestedinexploringhischaracters'psychologies,thoughimpelledless

bycuriositythanbysympathy.Occasionallyhefelttheimpulsetocomedy(inallits

detachedcoldness)aswellastheimpulsetofarce,buthewasmoreofteninclinedtosee

tragedyandrecordit.Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealismintheseveralsensesofthat

phrase.Hewantedtodescribeordinaryhumanbeings;hewantedtospeculateontheir

dilemmasrationally(and,unfortunately,evenschematically);andhewantedtorecord

preciselythematerialuniverse.Finally,hewantedtohemorethanarealist.Hewantedto

transcendwhatheconsideredtobethebanalityofsolelyrecordingthingsexactlyandto

expressaswellhisawarenessoftheoccultandthestrange.Inhisnovelsthesevarious

impulsesweresacrificedtoeachotherinevitablyandoften.Inevitably,becauseHardy

didnotcareinthewaythatnovelistssuchasFlaubertorJamescared,andthereforetook

pathsofleastresistance.Thus,oneimpulseoftensurrenderedtoafresheroneand

unfortunately,insteadofexaclingacompromise,simplydisappeared.Adesiretothrow

overrealityalightthatneverwasmightgivewayabruptlytothedesireonthepartof

whatwcmightconsideranovelist-scientisttorecordexactlyandconcretelythestructure

andtextureofaflower.Inthisinstance,thenewimpulsewasatleastanenergeticone,

andthusitsindulgencedidnotresultinarelaxedstyle.ButonotheroccasionsHardy

abandonedaperilous,risky,andhighlyenergizingimpulseinfavorofwhatwasforhim

thefatallyrelaxingimpulsetoclassifyandschematizeabstractly.Whenarelaxing

impulsewasindulged,thestyle—thatsureindexofanauthor'sliteraryworth—was

certaintobecomeverbose.Hardy'sweaknessderivedfromhisapparentinabilityto

controlthecomingsandgoingsofthesedivergentimpulsesandfromhisunwillingnessto

cultivateandsustaintheenergeticandriskyones.Hesubmittedtofirstoneandthen

another,andthespiritblewwhereitlisted;hencetheunevennessofanyoneofhis

novels.Hismostcontrollednovel,UndertheGreenwoodTree,prominentlyexhibitstwo

differentbutreconcilableimpulses—adesiretobearealist-historianandadesiretobea

psychologistoflove—bu(theslightinterlockingofplotarenotenoughtobind(hetwo

completelytogether.Thuseventhisbooksplitsintotwodistinctparts.

11、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor(hetext?

A、UndertheGreenwoodTree:Hardy'sAmbiguousTriumph

B、TheRealandtheStrange:TheNovelist'sShiftingRealms

C^EnergyVersusRepose:TheRoleofOrdinaryPeopleinHardy'sFiction

D、Hardy'sNovclisticImpulses:TheProblemofControl

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。文章第一段點(diǎn)出托馬斯.哈代的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)多樣且不同，但卻

未能將這些沖動(dòng)和諧地融入到其作品中。第二、三、四段列舉托馬斯.哈代創(chuàng)作的

不同沖動(dòng)，及其在作品中不和諧的表現(xiàn)。最后，第五段總結(jié)其原因?yàn)槿狈刂啤２?/p>

難看出，本文著重論述哈代的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)和他的主要問(wèn)題：不能控制這些沖動(dòng)。故選

［D］o

12、Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutliteraryrealism?

A、Literaryrealismismostconcernedwith(heexplorationoftheinternallifeof

ordinaryhumanbeings.

B、ThetermMliteraryrealism"issusceptibletomorethanasingledefinition.

C、Literalrealismandaninterestinpsychologyarelikelytobeatoddsinanovelist's

work.

D、Literaryrealismisthetermmostoftenusedbycriticsindescribing(hemethodof

Hardy'snovels.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)笫二段第二句Hewasalsoinclinedtoliteraryrealismin

(heseveralsensesofthatphrase.可知，現(xiàn)實(shí)主義包括多個(gè)意義，故選|B］。這句之

后，作者列舉了托馬斯.哈代作品中表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義的多個(gè)方面，而［A］只是其中之

一；［0、［D］在文章中并沒(méi)有提到。

13、Theauthorofthetextconsidersawriter'sstyletobe.

A、areliablemeansbywhichtomeasurethewriter'sliterarymerit

B、mostapparentinthosepartsofthewriter'sworkthatarcnotrealistic

C、problematicwhenthewriterattemptstofollowperilousorriskyimpulses

D、shapedprimarilybythewriter'sdesiretoclassifyandschematize

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第匹段第三句Whenarelaxingimpulsewasindulged,the

style—thatsureindexofanauthor'sliteraryworth——wascertain(obecomeverbose.對(duì)

?個(gè)作家的風(fēng)格做了明確的解釋，即衡量其文學(xué)品格、價(jià)值的指標(biāo)。由此可知［A］

正確。

14、Whichofthefollowingcanbestbetheauthor'sattitudetowardstheworksof

ThomasHardy?

A、Totallypositive.

B、Objectiveandcritical.

C、Totallynegative.

D^Highlycritical.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。通讀全文可以看出，作者很客觀地評(píng)述了托馬斯?哈代的創(chuàng)

作沖動(dòng)對(duì)其作品風(fēng)格的影響，但同時(shí)又對(duì)他不能控制好那些穿梭往來(lái)不盡相同的創(chuàng)

作沖動(dòng)提出了批評(píng)，這種缺陷使哈代的小說(shuō)顯得參差不齊，高低不一。故［B］正

確。

15、WhichofthefollowingaboutUndertheGreenwoodTreedoestheauthorimplyin

relationtoHardy'sothernovels?

A、ItisHardy'smostthoroughinvestigationofthepsychologyoflove.

B、Althoughitishismostcontrollednovel,itdoesnotexhibitanyharshorrisky

impulses.

C、It,morethanhisothernovels,revealsHardyasarealistinterestedinthehistoryof

ordinaryhumanbeings.

D^InitHardy'snovelisticimpulsesaremanagedsomewhatbetterthaninhisother

novels.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。第五段中，作者認(rèn)為托馬斯.哈代的缺點(diǎn)是未能控制不同創(chuàng)

作沖動(dòng)的此起彼伏，而且也不愿培養(yǎng)、堅(jiān)持冒險(xiǎn)精神。第三句指出他認(rèn)為《綠蔭

下》是托馬斯.哈代在其作品中控制創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)最好的一部，故選［D］。fA「對(duì)愛(ài)情心

理的透徹探究“、［B］“沒(méi)有表現(xiàn)出冒險(xiǎn)精神”過(guò)于片面；雖然托馬斯.哈代在這部小說(shuō)

中表現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，但作者并沒(méi)有認(rèn)為他在這方面表現(xiàn)得比其他作品好，故排除

ICh

Whenamedicalprocedureortechnologyfirstcomesontothescene,itisalmost

invariablymetwithcontroversyfromallsidesregardingthewayitcan,andshould,be

applied.Theongoingdebateoverabortioniscertainlynoexception,acontentiousissue

thathascapturedtheattentionoflaymenandmedicalpractitionersalikefordecades.

WiththeintroductionoftheFrench"abortionpill"RU-486,thesituationhasbecomean

evenmoreurgentoneloproponentsonbothsidesoftheissue.Thoseinfavorofa

woman'sright(ochooseaborionarguethat(hepillindicatesihat,whetherwelikeitor

not,(hemeansloaccomplish(hegoalisoutthere,andwemustrespondorbelef(behind.

Anti-abortionactivists,however,seethepillasrepresentingthegreatestthreattotheir

causetodate,andthusadevelopmentthaturgesalltomobilizeforthefightagainst

abortion.TheRU-486"abortionpill"hasalreadybeenusedinover200,000recorded

instancesinFrance,claiminga95.5%effectivenessratewhenusedinthefirst7weeksof

pregnancy.InFrance,itisseenasamoreeconomicalandsaferalternativetosurgery,

whichwasthemethodbywhichabortionswereperformedpriortothedevelopmentof

thepill.Recentstudieshavediscoveredthatthepillmayhavebeneficialsideeffectsas

well,includinguseasapromisingtreatmentforbreastandovariancancer,glaucoma,

adrenalcancer,andahostofotherillnesses.Althoughgenerallyconsideredsafeforuse,

theuseofthepillhasnotbeenwithoutcomplications,mostnotablyexemplifiedinthe

caseofoneFrenchwomanwhodiedofaheartattackafteringestingtheproperdosageof

(hemedicine.Further,duetoitsrelativelyshorthistory,(helong-termeffectsof(heRU-

486drughaveyettobeconclusivelyexamined.Thisandotherconcerns,including

politicalones,havepreventedsuchstatesasCanadaandtheUnitedStatesfrom

approvingtheuseofthepillwithinitsborders.Otherstateshavebeenundeterred,

however,asahostofothernationscurrentlyusethepillasaviablemethodofabortionin

someformoranother.TheunderlyingissueisonethatgoesbeyondtheuseoftheRU-

486pill,however,extending:othequestionofmorality.Activistsopposedtoabortion,

includingtheCatholicchurch,viewinglifeasbeginningatconception,andthusabortion

isaformofmurderineverycase.Thoseinfavorofabortionseelifeasaprocess

beginningatbirth,thusequalingabortionprocedures(oanyolherstandardmedical

treatments.Untilthosedeeperlevelsofcontentionareresolved,theissueof"thepill"will

beoneofonlymarginalimportance.

16^FromParagraph3,wclearnthat.

A、theuseoftheRU-486pillisunsafe

theRU-486abortiondrugisunlikelytospreadinusetoothercountriesuntilmore

extensivetestsareperformed

C、althoughthetrackrecordisgenerallypositive,somerecordedeffectsofRU-486

warrantfurtherstudy

D、healthconsiderationsarecurrentlythemainfactorhinderingeffortstoexpanddrug-

inducedabortions

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。第三段第一、二句說(shuō)：雖然普遍認(rèn)為使用人流丸是安

全的，但人流丸的使用并不是沒(méi)有引起并發(fā)癥……。RU-486“人流丸”的歷史相對(duì)

較短，它的長(zhǎng)期影響還有待驗(yàn)證。由此可知，選項(xiàng)C正確。選項(xiàng)A與第一句意思

不符；選項(xiàng)B、D都與第三句內(nèi)容不符，影響“人流丸”使用范圍的因素除療效外，

還有來(lái)自政治等方面的擔(dān)心。

17、Whentheauthorsays"Theunderlyingissueisonethatgoesbeyondtheuseofthe

RU-486pill,however,extendingtothequestionofmorality.",hemeansthat.

A^moreimportantthan(heRU-486pillarethemoralimplicationsofabortion

B、theissueoftheRU-486pillcurrentlyexistsduetoit'squestionablemoralbasis

C、theproblemoftheRU-486pillisjustonepartofalargercontroversyregardingbirth

control

D、onlyafterthemoralissuesofbirthcontrolaredeterminedcantheRU-486dilemma

besolved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。最后一段第一句指出：潛在的問(wèn)題超出了RU一

486“人流丸”的使用，涉及了道德問(wèn)題。第二、三句列舉了反對(duì)、支持人工流產(chǎn)者

的觀點(diǎn)，爭(zhēng)議的焦點(diǎn)是生命開(kāi)始的時(shí)間；最后一句總結(jié)上文：在這些爭(zhēng)論的深層次

問(wèn)題解決之前，關(guān)于“人流丸”的爭(zhēng)議就不太重要了。由此可推知，“人流丸”的問(wèn)題

只是有關(guān)生育問(wèn)題爭(zhēng)議的一部分，即選項(xiàng)C正確。

18、InorderfortheRU486pilltobeapprovedforuseinsuchnationsas(heUnited

States,itisnecessarythat.

A^（hedrugbeprovenabsolutelysafeforhumanuse

B、aconsensusbereachedinthenationregardingtheproperusageofsuchdrugsina

moralsense

C、influentialoppositiongroupsacceptit,openingthewayforpoliticalfeasibility

D^thequestionofwhenlifebeginsbesatisfactorilyresolvedandthecurrenthealth

concernsrelatedtothepillclarified

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答窠：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息歸納題。題目中的關(guān)鍵詞IheUniledStates出現(xiàn)在第三段第三

句：有關(guān)長(zhǎng)期效果或其他方面的擔(dān)心，包括政治方面的擔(dān)心阻止了加拿大、美國(guó)這

樣的國(guó)家同意在其境內(nèi)使用避孕藥。第四段指出其他方面的擔(dān)心就是道德問(wèn)題，

即：生命何時(shí)開(kāi)始，人流算不算謀殺。由此可知，只有解決了這些問(wèn)題，“人流丸”

在美國(guó)才可能獲準(zhǔn)使用，理選項(xiàng)D正確。

19^ThetextcitestheCatholicChurch'soppositiontoabortionto.

A、reflectthegeneralsocialattitudetowardtheissue

B、nameoneexampleofaprominentgroupthatholdsaparticularstanceonthe

controversy

C、provideevidencefbrthevalidityoftheopposition'sargument

D、revealthattheconceptoflifebeginningatconceptionisagenerallyacceptedone

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬信息推斷題。題目中的關(guān)鍵詞CatholicChurch出現(xiàn)在最后一段第

二句：反對(duì)人工流產(chǎn)的積極分子，包括天主教會(huì)認(rèn)為生命從懷孕開(kāi)始……。由此可

知，天主教會(huì)只是這組人中一個(gè)典型例子（故選項(xiàng)B正確）；而不是反映普遍存在或

接受的態(tài)度（故選項(xiàng)A、D錯(cuò)誤）；也不是為了提供有效的證據(jù)（故選項(xiàng)C錯(cuò)誤）。

20Themainpurposeofthistextisto.

A、presentthecurrentstatusofthedebateontheRU-486pill

B、provideahistoricalaccountoftheRU-486pill'susetodate

C、proposesolutionsbywhichtheRU-486pillcanfeasiblybeintroducedintosuch

nationsastheUnitedStates

D、explaintheRU-486pill'simpactonthelargerissueofabortion

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：屬主旨思想題。文章第一段第一、二句指出：每當(dāng)一種醫(yī)療方法或技

術(shù)一登場(chǎng)，它幾乎都免不了引起各方的爭(zhēng)論，正在進(jìn)行的關(guān)于人工流產(chǎn)的辯論當(dāng)然

也亳不例外。下文以最近法國(guó)推出的“人流丸”RU-486為例，說(shuō)明爭(zhēng)議雙方的論點(diǎn)

及現(xiàn)狀。由此可知，選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B是第二段的內(nèi)容，不能概括全文；C只

是在文章最后兩段間接提到；D只在最后一段提到，不是文章主要內(nèi)容。

Tobringthetofu,ornotbringthetofu?It'saquestionthatGenevieveHartmanhasbeen

rollingoverinhermindfbrsometimenow.The28-year-oldvegetarianwillbespending

Thanksgivingatherboyfriend'sprofessor'shouseinNewYorkCity.Thanksgivingused

tobeoneofHartman'sfavoriteholidays,whenshecelebrateditwithhervegetarian

familyinSanFrancisco.ButeversinceshemovedtoNewYorkfiveyearsagoandbegan

spendingtheholidaywithrelativesorfriends,itsbeenasourceofanxiety.[RI]

ThenumberofvegetariansintheUnitedStateshasdoubledoverthepast10

years,accordingtopollsbytheVegetarianResourceGroup,andnowstandssomewhere

around4.7million.Freezeraislesatgrocerystoresslockagrowingselectionofman-

mademeatproducts,fromtofubuffalowingstosoy-basedkielbasa.Veggieburgershave

becomeacommonfixtureatbarbecues.[R2]It'stheoneholiday,TurkeyDay,

(hat'ssostronglyassociatedwithmeatthatnotparticipatingseemsalmostunpatriotic.

[R3]Betweenthemashedpotatoes,greenbeancasserole,candiedyamsand

plentyofdesserts,youcanusuallyfindawaytostuffyourselfsilly.Instead,the

vegetarianfrustrationiswiththeflurryofquestionsthatfollowsaying"nothankyou"to

(heturkey.[R4]Manyoftheirhostsfindaccommodatingvegetarianstressful

becausethey'reusedtoworkingwithsuchasetThanksgivingmenu."Mystep-mother

didn'tknowavegetariananddefinitelydidn'tlikeit,"saysMollieMarti,42,whomarried

intoanIowafarmfamily."Itwasmoreoftheunknownthatwasuncomfortableforher

thanitwasherjudging.Therewasanervousnessonbothsides."Thekeytoasuccessful

Thanksgiving,Martisays,hasbeencommunicationaboutwhatshecatsandwhatshe

doesn't.[R5]"Memoriesbasedonsightandsoundarerelativelyabsentof

strongemotionalevocation,"saysThomasF.Shipley,apsychologyprofessoratTemple

University."Butbecauseofthewaythebrainiswired,smellsdirectlyevokeemotions.

SothethoughtisthatwithsomethinglikeThanksgiving,whereyoumayhavebeen

eatingthesamefoodsandsmellingthesamesmellssinceyouwereachild,itwillevoke

verystrongemotionalmemoriesfromearlierinlife."Andsometimes,Thanksgiving

tensionscanturnintotheirov/nfamilytradition.ShelleyFrostbecameavegetarianover

20yearsago,onThanksgivingDay1986.The47-year-oldvideogra-pherreceivedthe

typicaljeeringandquestioningfromherfamily,largelyfromhercousinBryan.Sheeven

skippedthefamilydinnerafewyearsago,tradingintheturkeyandthetauntingfora

Japaneserestaurantwithplentyofvegetarianoptions.Butsomethingdidn'tfeelright.

"Honestly,atthispoint,itwouldbeweirdifThanksgivingdidn'tincludeBryan