考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷345

一、閱讀（常規閱讀理解）（本題共2。題，每題

分,共20分。）

TherewasagreatdealtobetroubledbyinareportbytheInternationalCommitteeof（he

RedCrossdocumentingthekindsoflonureandabuseinOictedonterrorismsuspectsby

theCentralIntelligenceAgency.Onedisturbingfootnoteisthalmedicalpersonnelwere

deeplyinvolvedinfacilitatingtheabuses,whichwereintendedtocoercesuspectsinto

providingintelligence.Thereport,preparedin2007butkeptsecretuntilitwaspublished

byTheNexvYorkReviewofBooks,wasbasedonRedCrossinterviewsinlate2006

with14"high-valuedetainees",whoincludesomeofthemostdangerousterroristsin

custody.Theprisoners*complaintsgaincredibilitybecausetheydescribedsimilarabuses

andhadbeenkeptinisolatior.atdifferentlocations,withnochancetoconcoctacommon

story.Variousprisonerssaidtheyhadbeensubjectedtowaterboarding,forcedtostand

fordayswiththeirarmsshackledoverhead,confinedinsmallboxes,beatenandkicked,

slammedrepeatedlyintowalls,preventedfromsleeping,deprivedofsolidfood,forcedto

remainnakedfbrweeksormonthsatastretch,ofteninfrigidcellsandimmersedincold

water.AllwerekeptincontinuoussolitaryconfinementfortheirC.I.A.detention,

rangingfrom16monthstomorethanfouryears.Medicalpersonnelseemtohavebeen

involvedmostlyasfacilitatorsratherthantorturersorinleirogators.Inonecase,they

monitoredadetainee'soxygensaturationwithadeviceattachedtohisfingerso

waterboardingcouldbestoppedbeforetheprisonersuffocated.Inanothercase,an

amputeeforcedtostandwithhisarmsshackledoverheadhadhisintactlegcheckeddaily

forsignsofdangerousswelling.Severaldetaineessaidhealthworkerssometimes

instructedinterrogatorstocontinue,adjustorstopparticularmethodsofabuse.Such

activitiesviolatetheethicalcodesofmajorhealthorganizations,bothnationaland

international.TheRedCrosscalledit"agrossbreachofmedicalethics"thatinsonic

cases"amountedtoparticipationintortureand/orcruel,inhumanordegrading

treatment".Noneofthehealthpersonnelworeidentification,buttheprisonersinferred

thattheywerephysiciansorpsychologists.Theyalsocouldhavebeenparamedics,

physician'sassistantsorotherless-trainedpersonnel.Thereportunderscorestheneedto

haveafull-scaleinvestigationintotheseabusivepracticesandintowhoprecisely

participatedin（hem.Onlythenwillweknowwhetherindictmentsor,inthecaseof

physicians,thelossofmediedlicenses,arewarranted.

1、Whattroubledusmostinthereportwasthat.

A、healthworkersassistedC.I.A.toabuseprisoners

B、itdocumentedthetortureinflictedonprisoners

C、terrorismsuspectswerecruellytorturedhyC.I.A.

D、piisunciswciccompelledlupiuvidcinlclligciiuc

標準答案：A

知識點解析:根據第一段中的"Onedisturbingfootnoteisthatmedicalpersonnelwere

deeplyinvolvedinfacilitatingtheabuses"，A應為答案。

2、Theinformationexposedinthereportwascrediblesince.

A^itwasbasedonRedCrossinterviewswithdetainees

B、theNewYorkReviewofBookshadahighreputation

C、itwasprovidedbysomedangerousterroristsincustody

D、theabusesdescribedbyprisonerskeptinisolationweresimilar

標準答案：D

知識點解析；根據第二段中的“Theprisoners'complaintsgaincredibilitybecausethey

describedsiniilarabuscsandhadbeenkeptinisolation...,withnochancetoconcocta

commonstory”.D應為答案。

3、Itwasreportedthatmedicalstaff.

A、compelledanamputeetostandwithhisarmsshackledoverhead

B、hadterrorismsuspectsconfinedinfrigidcellsformonthsoryears

C、forcedprisonerstoremainnakedcontinuouslyforweeksormonths

D、directedtorturersorinterrogatorstouseaparticularabusivemethod

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第四段最后一句"Severaldetaineessaidhealthworkerssometimes

instructedinterrogatorstocontinue,adjustorstopparticularmethodsofabuse"，D應為

答案。

4、Ifaphysicianwerefoundtoheinvolvedinabusingprisoners,he.

A^mighthavehismedicallicenserevoked

B、mightbechargedwithcommittingacrime

C、wouldbecondemnedforbreachingethics

D、wouldbepronouncedguiltyorsentenced

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據全文最后一句“Onlythenwillweknowwhetherindictmentsor,in

(hecaseofphysicians,thelossofmedicallicenses,arewarranied"，A應為答案。

5、Thepropertitlefbr(histextshouldbe.

A^DetaineesAbusedbyC.I.A.

B、MedicallyAssistedTorture

C^AbusivePracticesinPrisons

D、TerrorismSuspectsinCustody

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本文通篇談的是醫護人員參與了虐囚事件。所以，B應為答案。

AlthoughConsumersUnionconcedesthat"noconfirmedcasesofharmtohumansfrom

manufacturednanoparticieshavebeenreported",itaddsthat"thereiscauseforconcern

basedonseveralworrisomefindingsfromthelimitedlaboratoryandanimalresearchso

far."Itworriesthatparticlesthatarenontoxicatnormalsizesmaybecometoxicwhen

nanosized;thatthesenanoparticles,whicharcalreadypresentincosmeticsandfood,can

moreeasily"enterthebodyanditsvitalorgans,includingthebrain",thannormal

particles;andthatnanomaterialswilllingerlongerintheenvironment.Allofthisreally

comesdowntopointingoutthatsomeparticlesaresmallerthanothers.Sizeisnota

reliableindicatorofpotentialharmtohumanbeings,andnatureitselfisfilledwith

nanoparticles.Butthedefaultassumptionofdangerfromthenewispalpable.Anti-

nanotechsentimenthasnotbeenrestrictedtoConsumersUnion'srelativelyshortlistof

concerns.InFrance,groupsofhundredsofprotestershaveralliedagainstevensuch

benignmanifestationsofthetechnologyasthecarbonnanotubulesthatallowParkinson's

suffererstosloptremorsbydirectingmedicinetotheirownbrains.InEnglandmembers

ofagroupcalledTHRONG(TheHeavenlyRighteousOpposedtoNanotechGreed)have

disruptednanotechbusinessconferencesdressedasangels.In2005nakedprotesters

appearedinfrontofanEddieBauerstoreinChicagotocondemnoneofthemorevisible

usesofnanotech:stain-resistantpants.Thesenanopantsemploybillionsoftinywhiskers

tocreatealayerofairabovetherestofthefabric,causingliquidstorolloffeasily.It's

notquitewhatKurzweilandCrichtonhadinmind,norisit"littlerobotsinyourpants",

asCNNputit.Butnanotechnologyarguablyembracesanyitemthatincorporates

engineeringatthemolecularlevel,includingmundaneproductslikethisone.Justasthe

nanolabelcanbebroadlyappliedtoproductsforbrandingandattention-grabbing

purposes,sotoocancriticsusethelabeltocondemnbarelyrelateddevelopmentsby

linkingthemtothe(stillhypothetical)problemsofnanopollutionandgraygoo.Butthere's

adangerinthinkingofnanotechonlyingod-or-gooterms.Peoplea(bothextremesofthe

controversyfailtoappreciatethehumble,incremental,yetencouragingprogressthat

nanotechresearchersaremaking.Andfocusingondramaticvisionsofnanotechheaven

orhellmayfosterrestrictionsthatdelayorblockinnovationsihalcanextendandimprove

ourlives.

6、WhatworriesConsumersUnionisthatnanoparticles.

A^lingerinenvironmentandareomnipresentinnature

B、canenter(hebrainmoreeasily(hannormalparticles

C、becomeessentialcomponentsofcosmeticsandfood

D、presentinproductsmaycauseharmtohumanbeings

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第一段第二句"Itworriesthatparticlesthatarcnontoxicatnormal

sizesmaybecometoxiewhennanosized；…D應為答案。

7、Theword"palpable"inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans

A、tangible

B、available

C、detectable

D、understandable

標準答案：A

centerinaforeigncoumry,manyindividualscan'tevenmakeappointmentsforroutine

dentalcheckupsoreyeexams.Consideringthegrowingpopularityofcompanies'

relocatingtheircallcentersoverseas,onecanonlyimaginehowmuchthistrendwill

increaseidentitytheftifunchecked.Criminalscanalsoaccessourpersonaldatathrough

othermeans.Wholesaledissemination(sometimesaccidentally)oflargeamountsof

personaldatahappensviagovernmentagencies,employers,andotherbusinesses.This

cantakeplacethroughcomputerbackuptapesthatarelostorretiredwithoutbeing

erased,through(heoutsourcingofcomputeroperationsjobstopeopleinsideaswellas

outsideoftheUnitedStates,andthroughlaxenforcementofimmigrationlaws(hereby

allowingforeigncriminalstoobtaincomputerjobsinAmerica-justtonameafew.In

(hestateofWisconsinrecentlyacompanyprintedtheSocialSecuritynumbersof

171,000citizenson2006taxbookletsthatwerelobesentthroughthemail.Theprinting

companyissentalistofSocialSecuritynumbersfromthestateeachyear.Theyarc

supposedtousepartsofeachtaxpayer'sconfidentialinformationtocreateanidentifying

code,buttheyerred.VirtuallyeveryTom,Dick,andHarryinAmerica,alongwith

numerouspeopleincallcentersinIndiaandotherforeigncountries,haveaccessto

people'sSocialSecurityaccountnumbers,birthdates,andotherpersonaldata.Let'sface

it—yourpersonaldatajustisn'tasecretanymore.

11、Theword"impersonation"at(heendofthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans(he

actof.

A、stealing

B、imitating

C、pretending

D、counterfeiting

標準答案：c-

知識點解析：根據第一段第一句"So~called'identitytheffoccurswhenaperson

pretendstobesomeoneclse...”和最后一句"Obviously,so—calledidentitytheftis

notreallyacaseofstolenidentity,butisinsteadacaseofimpersonation,\C應為答

案。

12、Bysaying"thatadviceislaughable",theauthormeansthat.

A、thatadviceisneitherprofessionalnorsensible

B、everyonehastodisclosehispersonaldatasometimes

C、theadvicesgivenbythegovernmentarerarelyworkable

D、governmentagenciesarelaughableingivingthatadvice

標準答案：B

知識點解析：根據第二段第三句"MostAmericansarepowerlesstopreventdisclosure

oftheirpersonaldatatostrangers"，B應為答案。

13、Theexampleofemployerbenefitsprogramsisgiventoshowthat.

A^personaldataarerequiredloenjoyanysocialsecurityprogram

B、thereismuchtobedonecoimproveemployerbenefitsprograms

C、employerbenefitsprogramswillinevitablyincreaseidentitytheft

D^(hedisclosureofpersonaldatatostrangersisinevitableformostpeople

標準答案：D

知識點解析：第二段第四、五句"Take,forexample,employerbenefits

programs.Theprogramsroutinelyusesuchdata...astherequiredkeystoaccessthe

employees'accounts”是用來說明第三句"MostAmericansarepowerless...tostrangers^^

的，所以，D應為答案。

14、Whichofthefollowinghelpscriminalseasilyobtainourpersonaldata?

A^Thestrictenforcementofimmigrationlaws.

B、TheprintingoftheSocialSecuritynumbers.

C、Theproliferationofcomputeroperationjobs.

D^Themishandlingofusedcomputerbackuptapes.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：根據第三段第三句"Thiscantakeplacethroughcomputerbackuptapes

(hatarelostorretiredwithoutheingerased,…”,D應為答案。

15、Theauthorbelievesthatnobodycankeephispersonaldatasecretbecause.

A、one,spersonalinformationiseasilyaccessibletomanypeople

B、identitythefthasbeenincreasingmuchfasterthaneverbefore

C、personalinformationisneededtocreateanidentifyingcode

D、morecompanieshaverelocatedtheircallcentersoverseas

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第四段第一句"Virtuallyevery…，alongwithnumerous

people...countries,havcaccesstopeople's...personaldata"，A應為答案。

Respectisyourabilitytoempathizewithanotherhumanbeing,despitecontrasting

opinions,values,orlifestyles.Beingabletoputyourselfinanotherpersonsshoes,seethe

worldastheymayseeit,andrespectthedecisionstheymakebasedontheirlife,is

essentialasapartofliving.Peopleareuniquelydiverse.Noonepersonwillever(rulybe

thesameasanother.Nooneisevergoingtohaveallthesameopinionsasyou,agree

withyoualways,orevenunderstandwhereyouarecomingfromallofthetime.But,if

youlearntorespectthat,thingsbecomealoteasier.Respectingapersoncanbeeasy

whentheyaresimilartoyou,ortheircharacteragreeswiththethingsyoufavorinlife.

Forexample,ifanaspiringwritermeetsapublishedauthor,theyrespectthem.But,the

moredifficultpartofrespectismaintainingitevenwhentheotherpersondocsnotrelate

toyou.Ifyouthinknegativelyofaperson,itishardtofeelrespectforthem.But

everyonehasanaspectofthemselveswhichdeservesrespect.Evenifnothingelse,every

persondeservesbasichumanrespect.Respectcomesinmanyforms,fromwhatyousay

toaperson,howyoutreatthem,yourbodylanguagearoundaperson,andeventhe

decisionsyoumakebasedonaperson.Whatisthesimplestwaytomaintainrespect?

Treatothersasyouwouldbetreated.Itisnevereasytorespectsomeonewhoyoudislike,

orcan'trelateto.But,itisthemostrewardingaspectofrespect.Whenyoureachoutyour

handtoapersonwhodoesnotexpectsuchagesturefromyou,theyopenup.Maybenot

rightaway,butwithtime,theiropinionofyoucanchange.Thesamegoesforself-

respect.It'shardtorespectyourselfwhenyou'vedonewrong,madebaddecisions,or

evenjusthadaroughday.Buiifyoukeepbelievinginyourself,andtrytodobettereach

day,respectcanbecomeeasier.Sowhatisthetruemeaningofrespect?Itisbeing

positivetowardsyourselfandotherswhentheeasieroptionseemstobenegativity.It's

givingpeopleachance,believinginopportunity,andunderstandingthatjustbecause

someoneisdifferent,doesn'tmeanyoubothdon'tdeservethesame.

16、Accordingtothetext,respectmeans.

A、tohavearegardfbrotherpeople'sfeelings

B、toestablishasolidrelationshipwithothers

C、toacceptcontrastingopinions,orlifestyles

D^tolikeapersonandunderstandhisviewpoint

標準答案：A

知識點解析：根據第一段中的“Respeclisyourabilitytoempathizewithanother

humanbeing....Bcingablctoputyourselfinanotherpersonsshoes,seetheworldas

theymayseeit，…”可知，尊重意味著為他人著想，能從他人的角度考慮問題。所

以，A應為答案。

17、Theauthorassertsthat.

Asnotwopersonsarcexactly