考研英語(閱讀)模擬試卷53

一、閱讀(常規(guī)閱讀理解)(本題共25題，每題7.0

分，共25分。)

Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompany,including

publicityreleases,designedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.(41)Since

publicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholders,financialanalysts,

governmentofficials,andothernoncustomergroups,itisusuallyplacedoutsidethe

marketingdepartment,perhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreporting

totipmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublic

relationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.

(42)Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluence

onthepublicimage,thisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheother

componentsofthepublicimagemix.(43)Publicityontheotherhandshouldnot

bedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartment,asitcanprovideausefuladjuncttothe

regularadvertising.(44)Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeluding

itselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunction,whetherwithinthecompanyoranoutside

firm,cantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.(45)Manyof

thesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusiness,suchasitsproductquality,the

servicingandhandlingofcomplaints,andthetenoroftheadvertising.Publicrelations

anddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyevents,andmayeven

succeedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicity,buttheothercomponentsof

thepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.|A|Publicitymaybeintheform

ofnewsreleasesthathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublic

relationsdepartment.[B]Furthermore,notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm;somecan

resultformanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatare

controversialorevendownrightill-advised.[C]Publicitythenispartofpublicrelations

whenitisinitiatedbythefirm,usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences.

[D]Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.|E]Itsurelycausesheavylossestothe

company.|F]Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.|G]

Thepublicrelations,infact,isdevelopingsomenewrelativeconceptinthepastfew

years.

1、

標準答案：C

知識點解析；文章第一段給公關(guān)下定義，其中特別提到公關(guān)包括對外宣傳。把[C]

放在這里起承接上一段，引出下一段的作用。

2、

標準答案：F

知識點解析：前一句說這種組織設(shè)置會成為一種限制，因為公關(guān)部門或顧問很可能

和營銷部門有不能協(xié)調(diào)一致的地方，那么這種情況會造成什么后果呢?［F］說：“可

能會導致溝通不暢、彼此不合作的后果。”這兩句話放在一起意思連貫、順暢。［E］

似乎也能構(gòu)成答案，但語氣過于肯定，所述內(nèi)容過于具體。上下文沒有足夠的信息

使之成為合適的選擇。

3、

標準答案：A

知識點解析：［A］說：”對外宣傳可以由公關(guān)部門發(fā)起，采取能為公司帶來良好影響

的新聞發(fā)命的形式。“，后一句說另一方面，宣傳也不能脫離營銷部門，因為它是

對普通廣告宣傳的一種有益補充。這兩句話從兩個不同的方面談對外宣傳的運作方

式及其意義，意思連貫，ontheotherhand起了銜接作用，屬于連接銜接

(conjunction)o

4、

標準答案：B

知識點解析：IB］說：“另外，并非所有的宣傳都由公司發(fā)起，有些宣傳來自媒體，

即由于公司頗有爭議甚至十分不明智地采取了或未采取某些行動而引起的媒體的負

而反應"”這句話和前兩句都是談公司的對外宣傳，可以自然地構(gòu)成一個段落，

furthermore起了銜接作用，也屬于連接銜接。

5、

標準答案：D

知識點解析：前一句說：“我們想強調(diào)的一點是如果公司認為事關(guān)公眾形象的一切

問題或機遇可以由專事公關(guān)的部門(無論是公司內(nèi)部部門還是專門公司)處理好，那

是自欺欺人。“這是從反面說問題，［D］說：”有眾多因素作用于公眾形象”，下文是

對眾多影響因素的進一步解釋。

AccordingtoaleadingGermanbanker,theU.S.dollaris"themostfrequentlydiscussed

economicphenomenonofourtimes.MHeadds,"...Ihedollar'sexchangerateisat

presentthemostimportantpriceintheworldeconomy..."(41)Thecentralbanks

ofmanycountriesholdhugereservesofdollars,andoverhalfofallworldtradeispriced

intermsofdollars.Anyshiftinthedollar'sexchangeratewillbenefitsomeandhurt

others.(42)Thedollar'sexchangeratehasbeentoovolatileandunpredictable.

Severalyearsagothedollarwasrapidlydeclininginvalue.(43)Theriseinthe

priceofforeigngoodsmadeitpossibleforU.S.businessestoraisethepriceofcompeting

foodsproducedhere,thusworseninginflation.Foreignerswhodealtindollarsorwho

helddollarsasreserveswerehurl.PeopleintheUnitedStateswhohadborrowedforeign

currenciesfoundthattheyhadtopaybackmorethantheyborrowedbecausethe

decliningdollarwouldbuyfewerunitsoftheforeignmoney.(44)Thedollarwent

soaringupward,andthesituationwasreversed.UnitedStatesexportersfoundithardto

sellabroadbecauseforeignerswouldhavetopaymoreforU.S.dollars.Peopleinthe

UnitedStatesnowboughttherelativelycheaperforeigngoods,andU.S.manufacturers

complainedthattheycouldnotcompete.Joblosseswereoftenblamedonthe

"overvalued"dollar.Poornationsthathadborroweddollarsfounditdifficulttorepay

boththeloansandtheinterestbecausetheyhadtousemoreandmoreoftheirown

currenciestoobtaindollars.(45)Wemightevenreturntothegoldstandard.Fixed

exchangeratesdidnotworkinthepast.Currencyvaluesshouldbedeterminedbymarket

conditions.Adropintheexchangevalueofanation'scurrencymeansthatitisimporting

toomuch,thatitistooinefficienttocompeteinworldmarkets,thatitispermittingahigh

rateofinflationwhichmakesitsgoodstooexpensive,thatitisgoingtoodeeplyindebt,

orthatothershavelostconfidenceinthenation'sstability.Anationshouldbringits

exchangeratebackupbyaddressingtheseproblems,notbyinterferingwiththemoney

market.[A]Thesolutiontothisproblemistoendthesystemoffloatingexchangerates

andreturntofixedrates.|B|Anyonewhogetsintothestockmarketcannotglossover

theriskbroughtbyinflation.[C]TheUnitedStatesloslfaceintheeyesoftherestofthe

world.[D]Becausethedollaractsasaworldcurrency,itsvalueaffectsmanynations.[E]

ThismadeitdifficultforAmericanstopurchaseforeigngoodsandservices.[F]Those

whoborrowedalotofmoneyfromabanksufferedmost.[G]Somepeoplesuggest

therefore,thatthedollar'svalueshouldbemoretightlycontrolled.

6、

標準答案：D

知識點解析：文章頭兩句引用一位著名德國銀行家的話說明美元在世界經(jīng)濟中的重

要性。[D]說：“由于美元扮演了世界貨幣的角色，其價值影響到眾多國家。”后一

句說：“許多國家的中央銀行都儲備有大量美元，全球貿(mào)易一半以上以美元定價。”

這幾句話放在一起意思連貫，后一句給[D]提供了佐證。

7、

標準答案：G

知識點解析：前一句說美元匯率的任何變動都會使一部分人獲益，使另一部分人遭

殃。[G]說：“因此有人建議應更加嚴格地控制美元價值。”這兩句話意思連貫，其

中therefore一詞起了重要的銜接作用，屬于連接銜接。

8、

標準答案：E

知識點解析：木段主要講美元大幅貶值而引起的連鎖反應。前一句說幾年前美元曾

大幅貶值，[E]說：“這使美國人很難購買外國產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。”根據(jù)常識，這是美元

貶值的直接后果，其中this指的是前一句說的美元大幅貶值這件事。

9、

標準答案：C

知識點解析：通過整段對幾年前美元大幅貶值所造成連鎖反應的記述，[C]在這里

對全段進行簡要總結(jié)：“美利堅合眾國在世界面前丟了臉。

10、

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本段和上一段相反，主要講美元大幅升值也會帶來一些不良反應。針

對這兩段所描述的問題，［A］說："解決這一問題的辦法是終止浮動匯率系統(tǒng)而重新

使用固定匯率。”

AUniversityofNebraskaprofessorhasdevelopedroboticconesandbarrels.

(41)Theycanevenbeprogrammedtomoveontheirownatanyparticularpartof

theday,saidShaneFarritor,anassistantprofessorofirechanicalengineeringat

Nebraska.Forexample,ifworkersarrivedat6a.m.,theconescouldmovefromtheside

ofthehighwaytoblockoffthelaneatthattime.(42)"Itjustseemslikeavery

goodapplicationforrobots,"Farritorsaid."Theroboticconeswouldalsohelpremove

peoplefromhazardousjobsonthehighwayputtingbarrelsandconesintoplace,*'

Farritorsaidinareportonhiscreation.(43)ThisfundallowedFarritortoworkon

theprojectwithgraduatestudentsatNebraskaandhisassistantSteveGoddard.The

robotsareplacedatthebottomoftheconesandbarrelsandaresmallenoughnotto

greatlychangetheappearanceoftheconstructionaides."Itwouldlookexactlythesame,

"Farritorsaid,"Normallythere'sakindofrubbery,blackbasetothem.(44)"

FarritorhastalkedwithofficialsfromtheNebraskaDepartmentofRoadsabouthowthe

robotswouldbemostusefultowhattheymightneed.Therobotscouldcomeinhandy

followingaslow-movingmaintenanceoperation,likepaintingastripeonaroador

movingasphalt,wherenewthebarrelshavetobepickedupandmovedastheoperation

proceeds."Thatwayyoudon'thavetoblockofa10-milestripfortheoperation,"

Farritorsaid.Whileprototypeshavebeenmade,theyarenotinuseanywhere.Farritor

saidhehasappliedforapatentandisconsideringwhattodonext.(45)Heisalso

thinkingaboutmarketingtherobotstoroadsdepartmentsandothersacrossthecountry

whomaybenefitfromthem.[A]Andtheycanreturntotheoriginalplaceattheendof

theday.[B]Heisthinkingaboutstartingasmallbusiness.[C]Farritorwas"Inventorof

theYear"in2003.[D]Thereisnodoubttherobotshavesomecertianadvantages.[E]

Wcreplacethatwitharobot.[F]Theseroboticconesandbarrelscanmoveoutofthe

way,orintoplace,fromcomputercommandsmademilesaway.[G]Workontheidea

beganin2002usingaNationalAcademyofSciencesgrant.

11、

標準答案：F

知識點解析：第一段要恢復的句子的內(nèi)容應該與robolicconesandbairels有關(guān)。[F]

中的Theseroboticconesandbarrels正好說明[F]是第一句的后續(xù)句，these這個代詞

把第一、第二句連接起來。第一、第二句內(nèi)容上是連貫的，證實第二句是第一句的

后續(xù)句。

12、

標準答案：A

知識點解析：本段第一句有兩處與［A］在內(nèi)容上相連。第一句的at6a.m.與［A］的

attheendoftheday相對應；第,句的movefromthesideofthehighway與［A］的

returntotheoriginalplace相連。所以［A］是第一句的后續(xù)句。

13、

標準答案：G

知識點解析：本段的第二句有Thisfund。fund之前用的是定冠詞the,說明前面已

有句子提到過fund或其他類似資助的詞。［G］說的是grant,所以［G］是答案。

14、

標準答案：E

知識點解析：這一段說機器人安裝在conesandbarrles的底部.其原來外貌幾乎沒

有什么改變。原來的底部是黑色的、用類似橡膠的材料制成的。而［E］的that指的

是底部(base),［E］的意思是“用機器人置換底部二

15、

標準答案：B

知識點解析：本段的第四句Heisalsothinkingabout…中的also是一個重要的線

索，說明前面一定出現(xiàn)過heisthinking。但是在第一句中沒有找到。那么，本段中

要恢復的句子一定是［B］。

Asmoreandmorematerialfromotherculturesbecameavailable,Europeanscholars

cametorecognizeevengreatercomplexityinmythologicaltraditions.Especially

valuablewastheevidenceprovidedbyancientIndianandIraniantextssuchasthe

Bhagavad-GitaandtheZend-A-vesta.Fromthesesourcesitbecameapparentthatthe

characterofmythsvariedwidely,notonlybygeographicalregionbinalsobyhistorical

period.(41)HearguedthattherelativelysimpleGreekmythofPersephone

reflectstheconcernsofabasicagriculturalcommunity,whereasthemoreinvolvedand

complexmythsfoundlaterinHomerarctheproductofamoredevelopedsociety.

Scholarsalsoattemptedtotievariousmythsoftheworldtogetherinsomeway.Fromthe

late18thcenturythroughtheearly19thcentury,thecomparativestudyoflanguageshad

ledtothereconstructionofahypotheticalparentlanguagetoaccountforstriking

similaritiesamongthevariouslanguagesofEuropeandtheNearEast.Theselanguages,

scholarsconcluded,belongedtoanIndo-Europeanlanguagefamily.Expertson

mythologylikewisesearchedfbraparentmythologythatpresumablystoodbehindthe

mythologiesofalltheEuropeanpeoples.(42)Forexample,anexpressionlike

"maidendawn"for"sunrise"resultedfirstinpersonificationofthedawn,andthenin

mythsabouther.Laterinthe19thcenturythetheoryofevolutionputforwardbyEnglish

naturalistCharlesDarwinheavilyinfluencedthestudyofmythology.Scholarsresearched

onthehistoryofmythology,muchastheywoulddigfossil-bearinggeological

formations,forremainsfromthedistantpast.(43)Similarly,British

anthropologistSirJamesGeorgeFrazerproposedathree-stageevolutionaryschemein

TheGoldenBough.AccordingtoFrazer'sscheme,humanbeingsfirstattributednatural

phenomenatoarbitrarysupernaturalforces(magic),laterexplainingthemasthewillof

thegods(religion),andfinallysubjectingthemtorationalinvestigation(science).The

researchofBritishscholarWilliamRobertsonSmith,publishedinLecturesonthe

ReligionoftheSemites(1889),alsoinfluencedFrazer.ThroughSmith'swork,Frazer

cametobelievethatmanymythshadtheiroriginintheritualpracticesofancient

agriculturalpeoples,forwhomtheannualcyclesofvegetationwereofcentral

importance.(44)Thisapproachreacheditsmostextremeformintheso-called

functionalismofBritishanthropologistA.R.Radcliffe-Brown,whoheldthateverymyth

impliesaritual,andeveryritualimpliesamyth.Mostanalysesofmythsinthe18thand

19thcenturiesshowedatendencytoreducemythstosomeessentialcore—whetherthe

seasonalcyclesofnature,historicalcircumstances,orritual.Thatcoresupposedly

remainedoncethefancifulelementsofthenarrativeshadbeenstrippedaway.Inthe20th

century,investigatorsbegantopaycloserattentiontothecontentofthenarratives

themselves.(45)［A］German-bornBritishscholarMaxMullerconcludedthatthe

Rig-VedaofancientIndia-theoldestpreservedbodyofliteraturewritteninanIndo-

Europeanlanguage-reflectedtheearlieststagesofanIndo-Europeanmythology.Muller

attributedalllatermythstomisunderstandingsthatarosefromthepicturesquetermsin

whichearlypeoplesdescribednaturalphenomena.［B］Themythandritualtheory,asthis

approachcametobecalled,wasdevelopedmostfullybyBritishscholarJanEllen

Harrison.UsinginsightgainedfromtheworkofFrenchsociologistEmileDurkheim,

Harrisonarguedthatallmythshavetheiroriginincollectiveritualsofasociety.［C］

AustrianpsychoanalystSigmundFreudheldthatmyths-likedreams-condensethe

materialofexperienceandrepresentitinsymbols.［D］Thisapproachcanbeseeninthe

workofBritishanthropologistEdwardBurnettTylor.InPrimitiveCulture(1871),Tylor

organizedthereligiousandphilosophicaldevelopmentofhumanityintoseparateand

distinctevolutionarystages.|E］Thestudiesmadeinthisperiodwereconsolidatedinthe

workofGermanscholarChristianGottlobHeyne,whowasthefirstscholartousethe

Latintermmyths(insteadoffabula,meaning"fable")torefertothetalesofheroesand

gods.［F］GermanscholarKarlOtfriedMullerfollowedthislineofinquiryinhis

ProlegomenatoaScientificMythology,1825.

16、

標準答案：F

知識點解析：由空格前后句可知：所填的句子應該是在講神話的特點，后句He說

明會提到某位學者。選預［F］中說“GermanscholarKarlOlfriedMuller.這與

前后句子的意思連貫，所以應該選［F］。雖然選項［A］、［0、［D］中也都提到了學

者，但是，其意思與前后句子不連貫，所以不能選用。

17、

標準答案：A

知識點解析：空格前面的句子說"Theselanguages,scholarsconcludedbelongedtoan

IndoEuropeanlanguagefamily...”,空格后面的句子說"anexpressionlike'maiden

dawn'fbr'sunrise'resultedfirstinpersonificationofthedawn,andtheninmythsabout

her."，由此可知：所填的句了?應該會提到“Indo-Europeanlanguage”(印歐語系)，

并且會說明人們的誤解。選項［A|與前后句子的意思連貫，并且也提了

“IndoEuropeanlanguage"，所以應該選［A］。

18、

標準答案：D

知識點解析：空格后面的句子說"Britishanthropologist...proposedathree-stage

evolutionaryschemeinTheGoldenBough.”由此可知：所填的句子應該是在講學者

們的研究方法。選項［D］中說"ThisapproachcanbeseenintheworkofBritish

anthropologist...這與后面句子的意思連貫，所以應該選［D］。

19、

標準答案：B

知識點解析：由后句可知，前面的句子應該會介紹某種理論，并且提到“myth”和

“ritual”。選項[B]中說"Themythandritualtheory…這與后面句子的意思連貫,

所以應該選[B]。選項[D]雖然也提到了某種方式，但是與后面句子的意思不連貫，

所以不能選用。

20、

標準答案：C

知識點解析:由前句“Inthe20thcentury,investigatorsbegantopaycloserattentionto

thecontentofthenarrativesihemselves.”可知：所填的句子應該是講現(xiàn)代的研究。

只有[C]SigmundFreud是現(xiàn)代的研究，所以應該選[C]。

[A]ThecontrolofthemixtureissoperfectthatwhereveryougointheworldwhereKFC

issold,theendresultisexactlythesame,averytastypieceofchicken.Manyhavetried

toemulateitandallhavefailed,althoughsomehavegotprettyclose.Eventhefriesarc

secondtonone.[B]KentuckyFriedChickeniswellknownandlovedaroundtheworld

anditallbeganin1952whena65-year-oldgentleman.ColonelSanders*,usedhisSocial

Securitychequeofjust$105lostarttheKFCfranchisingbusinessthatweknowtoday.

TheColonelonlygoi$2mforhisbusinessin1964.Butin1986PepsiCoIncboughtthe

KFCfranchiseforareported$840m.[C]ButtheColonel,nowinhismidsixties,knew

thathisrecipeforKentuckyFriedChickenwasawinnersoforthenexttwelveyears

ColonelSanderstravelledthecountrybycartorestaurantstocookchickeninhisspecial

wayandsetupover600franchisesintheUnitedStatesandCanada.Andtherestasthey

sayishistory.InallthoseyearsheandhiswifeClaudiawouldmixthespecialrecipeon

thegaragefloorfromtherecipethathecarriedinhishead.Todaythatrecipeislocked

awayinasafeinLousiville,Kentuckyandonlyahandfulofpeo