考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷22（共9

套）

（共191題）

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題1.0

分,共20分。）

[A]Whyreadingfallsintodecline?[B]Readingisrelatedtonationalpolitics[C]Reading

isastimulatingexperience[D]Readingandnationalhealth[E]Thedeclineofreadingis

thecrisisinnationaleducation[F]TheeffectsofelectronicmediaAsurveyreleasedon

ThursdayreportsthatreadingforpleasureiswaydowninAmericaamongeverygroup.

Thesurveyalsoindicatesthatreadersarcactive,whilenonreaders-morethanhalfthe

population—havesettledintoapathy.[RI]Readingisnotanactiveexpression

likewriting,butitisnotapassiveexperience,either.Itrequireseffort,concentration,and

attention.Inexchange,itoffersthestimulustothoughtandfeeling.Kafkasaid,"Abook

mustbeaniceaxtobreaktheseasfrozeninsideoursoul."[R2]The

electronicmedia,ontheotherhand,tendtobetorpid.Despitetheexistenceofgood

television,finewritingontheInternet,andvideogamesthattestlogic,theelectronic

mediabyandlargeinviteinertreception.Oneselectschannels,butthentheinformation

comesoutpreprocessed.Mostpeopleusetelevisionasameansofturningtheirmindsoff,

noton.Manyreaderswatchtelevisionwithoutperil;butforthoseforwhomtelevision

replacesreading,theconsequencesarefar-reaching.[R3]Mylastbookwas

aboutdepression,andthequestionIammostfrequentlyaskediswhydepressionisonthe

rise.ItalkaboutthelonelinessthatcomesofspendingthedaywithaTVoracomputer

orvideoscreen.Thattheratesofdepressionshouldbegoingupastheratesofreading

aregoingdownisnohappenstance.[R4]Iwillneverforgetseeing,asahigh

schoolstudentonmyfirsttriptoEastBerlin,theplazawhereHitlerandGoebbelshad

burnedbooksfromtheuniversitylibrary.TheNaziswererightinbelievingthatoneof

themostpowerfulweaponsinawarofideasisbooks.AndtheUnitedStatesisnowin

suchawar.Withoutbooks,wecannotsucceedinourcurrentstruggleagainstabsolutism

andterrorism.Youarewhatyouread.Ifyoureadnothing,thenyourmindwithers,and

youridealslosetheirvitalityandsway.[R5]Itisimportanttoacknowledge

thatthefalling-offofreadinghastodonotonlywiththeincursionofanti-intellectualism,

butalsowithaflawedintellectualism.Theascendancyofpoststructuralisminthe1980's

coincidedwiththebeginningofthecatastrophicdownturninreading;

deconstructionism'ssuggestionthatalltextisequalinitsmeaningsandthedenigrationof

thecanonledtothedevaluationofliterature.Theroleofliteratureistoilluminate,to

strengthen,toexplainwhysomeaspectoflifeismovingorbeautifulorterribleorsador

importantorinsignificantforpeoplewhomightotherwisenotunderstandsomuchorso

well.Readingisexperience,butitalsoenrichesotherexperience.Readingisharderthan

watchingtelevisionorplayingvideogames.Butmoredifficultpleasuresaremore

rewarding.Artcomestoyouprofessingfranklytogivenothingbutthehighestqualityto

yourmomentsastheypass.SurelythatissomethingallAmericanswouldwant,ifwe

onlyunderstoodhowreadilywemightachieveit,howwellworththeeffortitis.

1、[Rll

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

2、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

5、[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

[A]Nuclearpowerisapotentialthreattomankind[B]Thesafetyofnuclearpowerhas

improved[C]Thespreadofnuclearweaponsmaterialispotentiallyafatalproblem

[D]Thedisposalofnuclearwasteisproblematic[E]Thestoryofnuclearpowerseemsto

havebegunandendedinthe20thcentury[F]Thcneedfornuclearpoweriscoiningback

Nuclearpowerdiedinthe20thcentury,butthingshavechangedsincethen.World

leadersarenowtakingasecondlookattheatom.[RI]Firstcamethe

fireworks-twoatombombsthatendedaworldwarandannouncedvaststoresofenergy

inthefinestructureoftheatom.Thencameanewindustrythatpromisedelectricity"too

cheaptometer,"butinsteadfounderedonhighcostsandinexcusableaccidents.Its

epitaphwaswritteninthe1980s,whenonlytheblindorthebiasedcouldstillhave

believedthatthehundredsofbillionsofdollarsinvestedinnuclearpowerwasmoney

wellspent.[R2]Somuchhaschanged.Thepricesofoilandnaturalgashave

gonethroughtheroofandareexpectedtostaythere.Warinessofmajorsupplierslike

RussiaandIranisforcingpoliticalrecalculationsacrosstheworld.Coalischeapand

plentiful,butit'sabigsourceofcarbondioxide,agreenhousegasthat157nationsare

committedtoreducing.Environmentalists,whousedtobethenaturalenemiesofnuclear

power,arenowbusybeatingtheirdrumsoverclimatechange.Energydemandis

expectedtoriseworldwidebyabout50%in20years,withgrowthindevelopingnations

hitting90%.Energywillhavetocomefromsomewhere.It'sbecomingplainthatthe

worldneedstoexploitrenewablesourcessuchassolarandwind.Itneedstofindclean-

coaltechnologies.Itneedstomakefactoriesandhomesenergyefficient.Andasleaders

fromIndiatoGermanyhavedeclaredrecently,itneedsnuclearpower.[R3]Is

nuclearenergyworthyofacomeback?There'ssometruthtotheargumentthat20years

agotheindustryanditsregulatorswerebeginningtogetthingsrightjustasthepublic

wasrunningoutofpatience.Sincethennuclearresearchhasn'texactlybeenagrowth

industry,butengineershavemadesteadyimprovements.Reactorsnowbeingbuilt,if

operatedproperly,couldimprovetheindustry'saccidentratetenfold,accordingtoJohn

Deutch,anuclearpowerexpertattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.New

designscoulddobetter.Advancedboilingwaterreactors(ABWR),forinstance,aremade

toworkevenwhentheylosecoolant,withoutoverheating.Pebblebedreactorsuse

uraniumballsthatdissipateheatsowelltheyshutdownduringanaccident.Chinaand

SouthAfricaarebuildingpilotplants.[R4]Onepotentiallyfatalproblemis

theso-calledfuelcycle.Uraniumfuelturnsintoradioactivewaste,whichmustbeeither

recycledordisposedof.Bothoptionsareproblematic.Reprocessingputspureplutonium,

thestuffofbombs,intocirculation;anddisposalispoliticallyandtechnicallytricky.

Scientistshavetriedtoinventawayoutofthismess-onenewtechnologyturnsnuclear

wasteintofuelthatisworthlessinbombs,butitisunproven.[R5]

Proliferationseemsdestinedtoremainadiplomaticnightmare,asthecurrentimbroglio

overIran'snuclearprogramattests.Tocontainthespreadofweaponsmaterial,nuclear

nationsmayallowIranandothercountriestodevelopcivilianreactorsinexchangefor

givingupcontroloverthefuelcycle.Theotherquestioniswhethernuclearpoweris

viableeconomically.Onpaper,highenergycostscreateanopeninginthemarketplace.

But,saysDeutch,"onedoesn'tknowwhatcostswillbeuntilrealplantsgetbuilt."Much

dependsonwhetherindustryanditsregulatorsgetthingsrightthistime—andwhether

environineiiuilislsandthepublicgiveihemachance.Anaccidenthereortheremayclose

nuclearpower'ssecondchapterasquicklyasitclosedthefirst.Thistimethestakesare

higher.

6、[RI]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

7、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10、[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：哲無解析

[A]Nomiracledietsforheartdiseaseorcancer[B]Howthestudywasconducted?[C]The

outcomeofthestudyonheartdisease[D]Lowcolorectalcancerratc:chanceorthelow-

fatdiet?[EJThesignificanceofthestudyonbreastcancer[FJHowfatandheartdisease

arerelated?Startingalow-fatdietinmid-lifedoesnot,byitself,decreaseawoman'srisk

ofheartdiseaseorstrokeordramaticallyreduceherriskofbreastcancerorcolorectal

cancer,accordingtothreestudiespublishedtodayofalmost50,000healthy,post-

menopausalwomen.Butthefindingsstillsupportthegeneralideathatyouneedtopay

attentiontohowmuchfat—andparticularlywhatkindsoffat—youeat.[RI]

Researchersrandomlydividedtheparticipantsintotwogroups,workedhardtogetone

grouptocutitsfatintakeandthencomparedtheresultsforeachofthemforthenext

severalyears.Throughfocusgroupsandsessionswithnutritionists,theso-called

interventiongroupwasgivenalotofhelpandinformationonhowtocuttheamountof

fatintheirdiet.Asagrouptheyweren'tabletogetallthewaydownto20%fatintake,

buttheydidmanagetoreduceitto24%inthefirstyear,thoughitslidbackupto29%by

thesixthyear.Theother,so-calledcontrolgroupreceivedprintedmaterialondietary

guidelinesbutnootherhelponhealthyeating.Thefatcontentoftheirdietswas35%

afteroneyearandcreptupto37%aftersixyears—andtheygainedalittleweightto

boot.(Theinterventiongrouplostweightorstayedthesame.)[R2]Alltold,the

womeninthetwogroupsshowednooveralldifferenceinthenumberofheartattacksor

strokestheysufferedovertheeightyearsofthestudy.Partofthereasonmaybethatthe

levelofLDLor"bad"cholesteroldroppedintheinterventiongroupbyatiny2.4%—too

smallareductionforthestudytobeabletodetectadifferenceinoutcome.[R3]

It'salsopossiblethatifyouwanttopreventheartdisease,it'snotenoughtofocus

justonthetotalamountoffatinthediet;youalsohavetolookatthetypesoffataswell

asexerciseandphysicalactivitylevels.Whydidn'tthestudyfocusmoreintentlyonthese

variables?Researcherswerenotasawareofhowimportanttheywerebackinthelate

1980s,whentheyweredesigningthetrial.[R4]Womeninthelow-fatgroup

suffered9%fewerbreastcancersthanthoseinthecontrolgroup.Althoughthat

differencewasnotstatisticallysignificant,itisverysuggestive.Givenhowlongittakes

formosttumorstogrow,itmaysimplybethatthestudyhasnotlastedlongenoughto

showasignificanteffect.Inaddition,therewasaclearbenefitforonesub-groupof

women——thosewhobeganthestudywiththehighesttotalfatconsumptionandwhowere

abletomakeandmaintainthegreatestreductioninthenumberoffatcaloriesintheir

diet.Thisgroupbenefitedfromal5%to20%dropintheincidenceofbreastcancer.

[R5]Womeninthelow-fatgroupdidnotseeasignificantdropintheirratesof

colorectalcancer.Givenhowlongittakescolorectalcancertodevelop,a9%difference

issignificant.Welcometothewildandcomplexworldofstatistics.Afterlookingatthe

variationinthedatawithvariousmathematicaltools,researchstatisticiansdetermined

thattheycouldn'truleoutthepossibilitythatthe9%differenceinbreastcancerresults

wasduetochancealone.Ontheotherhand,afterapplyingthosesamemathematicaltools

tothedatainthecolorectalcancerstudy,theydeterminedthatthe9%differenceinthe

numberofpolypswasunlikelytobeduetochancealone.So,inmanywaysthesestudies

raisedmorequestionsthantheyanswered.Strictlyspeaking,theresultsdonotapplyto

men,whotendtogetheartdiseaseearlierthanwomendoandforwhomalow-fatdiet

mightbeparticularlybeneficial.Butthisstudyhassetthegoldstandardfordietstudiesin

thefuture.

11、[RI]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

14、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

|AJWomcnmarryup;menmarrydown|B|Today'swomenlovedomesticlife

[C]Equalityincourtshipunrealized[D|Womenappreciatemenpayingthecheck

[E]Womenaremeredomesticrobots[F]Women'smagazinesarenodifferencefromwhat

theywereWhenIenteredcollegein1969,womenweresheddinggirdles,paddedbras

andconventions.Womenwereonceagainimitatingmenandactingallindependent:

smoking,drinking,wantingtoearnmoneyandthinkingtheyhadtherighttobesexual,

thistimeprotectedbythepill.[RI]Decadesafterthefeministmovement

promisedequalitywithmen,itwasbecomingincreasinglyapparentthatmanywomen

wouldhavetobrushuponthevenerabletricksofthetrade:anabsurdlycharmingliule

laugh,aperttossofthehead,anairofsaucytriumph,dewyeyesandafullknowledgeof

music,drawing,elegantnotewritingandgeography.Today,womenhavegonebackto

huntingtheirquarry—inpersonandincyberspace-withelaborateschemesdesignedto

allowthedeludedcreaturestothinktheyarethehunters.[R2]Nowdating

etiquettehasreverted.Youngwomennolongercareaboutusingthechecktoasserttheir

equality.Theycareaboutusingittoassesstheirsexuality.GoingDutchisanarchaic

feministrelic.Youngwomentalkaboutitwithdisbeliefanddisdain.[R3]

Menwouldrathermarrytheirsecretariesthantheirbosses,andevolutionmaybeto

blame.AstudybypsychologyresearchersattheUniversityofMichigan,usingcollege

undergraduates,suggestedthatmengoingforlong-termrelationshipswouldrathermarry

womeninsubordinatejobsthanwomenwhoaresupervisors.Menthinkthatwomenwith

imporlantjobsaremorelikelytocheatonthem.Thereilis,rightintheDNA:womenget

penalizedbyinsecuremenforbeingtooindependent.Womenmovingupstillstriveto

marryup.Menmovingupstilltendtomarrydown.Thetwosexes'goinginopposite

directionshasledtoanepidemicofprofessionalwomenmissingoutonhusbandsand

kids.[R4]Manywomennowdonotthinkofdomesticlifeasacomfortable

concentrationcamp,wheretheyarelosingtheiridentitiesandturningintoanonymous

biologicalrobotsinadocilemass.NowtheywanttobeMrs.AnonymousBiological

RobotinaDocileMass.Theydreamofbeingrescued-toshop,tostayhomeandbe

takencareof.Theyshopfor"StepfordFashions"一matchingshoesandladylikebagsand

the50's-stylesatin,laceand.chiffonpartydressesfeaturedinInStylelayouts-andspend

theirdaysatthegymtryingforWisteriaLanewaistlines.[R5]Cosmoisstill

thebest-sellingmagazineoncollegecampuses,asitwaswhenIwasincollege,and【he

best-sellingmonthlymagazineonthenewsstand.TheJune2005issue,withJessica

Simpsononthecover,hercleavagespillingoutofanorangecroquetedhalterdress,could

havebeenJune1970.Theheadlinesarefamiliar:"Howtoturnhimonin10wordsorless,

""DoYouMakeMenM-E-L-T?Takeourquiz,""BridalSpecial,"''Cosmo'sstudsearch"

and"Cosmo'sMostFamousSexlips;theLegendaryIricksIhatHaveBrought

CountlessGuystoTheirKnees."WhatIdidn'tlikeatthestartofthefeministmovement

wasthatyoungwomenweredressingalike,lookingalikeandthinkingalike.Theywere

supposedtobeliberated,butitjustseemedlikestiflingconformity.WhatIdon'tlikenow

isthattheyoungwomenrejectingthefeministmovementaredressingalike,looking

alikeandthinkingalike.Beforeitwas"don'tbeasexobject;"nowit's"beasex

object"—buttheconformityisjustasstifling.

16、[Ri]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、[R2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

18、[R3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

19、[R4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

20>[R5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

考研英語（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共25題，每題1.0

分,共25分。）

"Pleasedon'ttakeyourorganstoheaven,'1readstheAmericanbumpersticker."Heaven

knowsthatweneedthemhereonearth."Lastyearmorethan7,000Americansdied

whileawaitinganorgantransplant-almostdoublethenumberofAmericansoldiers

killedinIraqsince2003.InEurope,too,thousandsofpeoplewhoselivescouldbe

extendedortransformed（byhavingsightrestored,forexample）throughtransplantsforfeit

theopportunityforwantofavailableorgans.ResearchbytheWorldHealth

Organisation（WHO）hasfoundthatonlyoneintenpeopleinneedofanewkidney,the

bodypartmostindemand,managestogetone.Inthepoorestplaces,ofcourse,a

complextransplant—whichintheAmericanhealthsystemcosts$500,000—is

unthinkableformostpeopleanyway.Butthegapbetweensupplyanddemandfororgans

affectsthepoortoo,bycreatingamarketinbodypartswhereabusesareprevalent.In

prosperousandmiddle-incomecountries,thewaitinglistsfororgantransplantsgrowever

longerasageingpopulations,hypertensionandobesityfabigcauseofdiabetes-driven

kidneyfailurc）takctheirtoll.Theproblemhasbeenworsenedbyafallinroaddeathsin

richcountries,which—alongwithstrokesandheartattacks—arethemainsourceof

organsfortransplant.Smallwonderthatpeoplescourtheglobetoprocuretheorgans

theyortheirlovedonesneed;orthatunscrupulousintermediariesofferhelp.Thelatestof

manyorgan-harvestingscandalsisnowraginginIndia,oneofseveralpoorcountries

wherethesaleoforgansusedtobelegalbuthasnowbeenbanned,withtheapparent

effectofdrivingthetradeunderground.Adoctor,AmitKumar,isawaitingtrialafter

reportedlyconfessingtohavingperformedhundredsofillegaltransplantsforrichclients

fromAmerica,Britain,Canada,SaudiArabiaandGreece.Hehasbeenaccusedofluring

labourersintohisclinicswithjoboffers;victimswerethenofferedupto$2,000,a

princelysum,topartwithakidney.Somewhorefusedaresaidtohavehadkidneys

removedanywayafterbeingdrugged.AnotherkidneyracketflourishedinSouthAfrica

between2001and2003.DonorswererecruitedinBrazil,IsraelandRomaniawithoffers

of$5,000-20,000tovisitDurbanandforfeitakidney.The109recipients,mainlyIsraelis,

eachpaidupto$120,000fora"transplantholiday";theypretendedtheywererelativesof

thedonorsandthatnocashchangedhands.Knowinglyorunknowingly,Europeansmay

havebenefitedfromanotherracket,operatingontheirdoorstep,inaregionwherethe

Westclaimstobeupholdinghumanrights.CarladelPonte,untilrecentlythechief

prosecutoratthewar-crimescourtforex-Yugoslavia,claimsinanewbookthatin1999,

guemllasfromKosovoharvestedtheorgansof300captiveSerbsatasecretsitein

Albania.TheauthoritiesinKosovoandAlbaniahavehotlydeniedthestory.

1、Whichofthefollowingaffectsthepoormostaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?

A、Morethan7,000Americansdiedduringwaitingfororgantransplantlastyear.

B、Only10%peopleinneedcouldsucceedingettingorgantransplantoperation.

C>OrgantransplantoperationisverycomplexandcostlyeveninAmerica.

D、Thelargergapbetweendemandandsupplycreatesmarketsofbodyparts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。首先，根據(jù)題干提示定位至第一、二段。本題可用排除

法：|A］、［B］所述為美國(guó)和世界的最新調(diào)查結(jié)果，不涉及窮人或富人，選項(xiàng)本身陳

述正確，但不符合題干要求，故排除；文中提到：因?yàn)榘嘿F的手術(shù)費(fèi)，窮人是不可

能接受這樣的手術(shù)的。也就是說窮人不會(huì)與器官移植手術(shù)發(fā)生關(guān)聯(lián)，因此排除

IC］；但是文中緊接著說到：然而因器官的供求差距所滋生的濫用人體器官的市場(chǎng)

也影響了窮人，由原文中but可知后面含有更進(jìn)一步的意味，由此可見對(duì)窮人的影

響最大，故選［D］。

2、Thebestreasonthatleadstoalargergapbetweenorgandemandandsupplyis

A、inprosperousandmiddle-incomecountries,moreandmorepeopledieofvarious

diseases.

B、inprosperouscountries,thesupplyoforgansreducesforthefewertrafficaccident

deaths.

C、thereisalargerandlargerdemandwhilethesupplyseemstobecomelessandless.

D^moreandmorenationsbegintotakemeasurestobantheoncelegalsaleoforgans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞reason定位至第三段。該段從兩個(gè)方面解

釋了可移植器官供不應(yīng)求的矛盾更加突出的原因：一是各種疾病導(dǎo)致的死亡率上

升；二是因車禍死亡率下降而帶來的器官供應(yīng)的減少。這一升一降就加劇了供求矛

盾。故答案為［C「需求日益增加，供應(yīng)卻越來越少:［A］和［B］都只涉及其中的一個(gè)

方面，觀點(diǎn)片面；［D］僅僅說明了造成供應(yīng)減少的一個(gè)方面，故排除。

3、WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph4?

A^Thelastofmanyorgan-harvestingscandalsisnowtakingplaceinIndia.

B、AfterbeingbannedthesaleoforgansinIndiahasnowdisappeared.

C^AmitKumarwasontrialforperforminghundredsofillegalorgantransplants.

D、Foralargeamountofincome,somejobhunterswenttopartwithakidney.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至第四段。根據(jù)該段第一句“在眾多

器官獲取的丑聞中，最新的一個(gè)在印度“，并沒最后一個(gè)，由此可知［A］不正確；

［B1與原文的“因被禁而使得這一交易轉(zhuǎn)入地下”不符；［0與原文第二句內(nèi)容相符，

為正確答案；原文中說到“引誘勞工到診所”、“強(qiáng)行麻醉勞工而后取走一個(gè)腎”表明

他們是“不情愿”的，并非為錢，故排除［D］。

4、Whatdoestheauthorfeelaboutthepresentsituationinorgantransplantprofession?

A、Pleased.

Concerned.

C、Indifferent.

D^Sympathetic.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。本題需要根據(jù)全文的基調(diào)以及作者的措辭來進(jìn)行推測(cè)。

首先，作為有關(guān)器官移植的文章，作者沒有選擇客觀的科技性的介紹——如何進(jìn)行

此類手術(shù)以救治何種類型的患者，而是以器官供不應(yīng)求為切人點(diǎn)反映此行內(nèi)的灰色

交易。其次，作者在例證過程中所描述的灰色交易過程之殘忍令人發(fā)指。最后，作

者在文中所用詞匯，如abuse,thepoorunscrupulous,scan―dais,racket、

upholdinghumanrights等，充分表現(xiàn)了他的憤慨與憂慮，［A］“感到高興”，可首先

排除；［C］“漠不關(guān)心”，也不正確，因?yàn)檫@篇文章就是要揭露這種現(xiàn)象；［D］“感到

同情”，只是說明了部分觀點(diǎn)，并沒有把文中體現(xiàn)的“憂慮”表現(xiàn)出來，由此可知

［B］“擔(dān)憂”正確。

5、Whatmessagedoesthispassagemainlyaimtoconvey?

A、Morepeopleareawaitingtohavelivesextendedortransformedthroughtransplants.

B、Organtransplantoperationsaretooexpensiveandcomplexforpoorpeopletohave.

C、Organexchangemarketshavebeeninexistenceinmanypartsoftheworld.

D、Thegapbetweendemandandsupplycreatesorganmarketsespeciallyimmoral

exchanges.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：主旨大意題。本題考查對(duì)全文的理解。根據(jù)第3題對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)的分析

可見，全文的中心是“供與求''和"由供求矛盾引發(fā)的市場(chǎng)“，二者相比，文章更側(cè)重

于后者：從第二段開始就涉及市場(chǎng)問題，并在下文進(jìn)行原因剖析和事實(shí)舉證。

［A］、［B］均在描述“求”方，［C］僅提到了“市場(chǎng)”,三個(gè)選項(xiàng)割裂了“供求”與“市場(chǎng)”的

關(guān)系，均不能全面反映文章的中心。［D］提到因供求矛盾引發(fā)了市場(chǎng)，尤其是不道

德的市場(chǎng)的出現(xiàn)，符合主題，故正確答案為［D］。

Improvingthebalancebetweentheworkingpartofthedayandtherestofitisagoalofa

growingnumberofworkersinrichWesterncountries.Someareturningawayfrom(he

idealsoftheirparents,forwhomworkalwayscamefirst;otherswithscarceskillsare

demandingmorebecausetheyknowtheycangetit.Employers,caughtbetweenafalling

populationofworkersandtightcontrolsonimmigration,areeagertoidentifyextraperks

thatwillluremore"talent"theirway.Justnowtheyarefocusingonbenefits(espccially

flexibleworking)thatofferemployeesmorethanjustpay.Somecompaniessawthe

changeofmoodsometimeago.IBMhasmorethan50differentprogrammespromoting

work-lifebalanceandBankofAmericaover30.Butplentyofotherfirmsremain

unconvincedandmanylackthecapacitytocatertosuchideaseveniftheywantedto.

HelenMurlis,withHayGroup,ahuman-resourcesconsultancy,seesawideninggap

betweenfirms"atthecreativeendofemployment"andthosethatarenot.Thechief

componentofalmostallschemestopromotework-lifebalanceisflexibleworking.This

allowspeopletoescaperigidninc-to-fivcschedulesandworkawayfromaformaloffice.

IBMsaysthat40%ofitsemployeestodayworkoffthecompanypremises.Formany

businesses,flexibleworkingisanecessity.Globalizationhasspreadthehoursinwhich

workersneedtocommunicatewitheachotherandincreasedthecallforflexibleshifts.

NellaBarkley,anAmericanwhoadvisescompaniesonwork-lifebalance,saysthatlarge

firmsarcbeginningtounderstandthevalueofsuchschemes,"butonlyslowly".Formost

ofthem,theystillmeanlittlemorethanchildcare,healthcareandflexibleworking.To

someextent,theproliferationofwork-life-balanceschemesisafunctionoftoday'slabour

market.Companiesinknowledge-basedindustriesworryabouttheshortageofskillsand

howtheyaregoingtopersuadetalentedpeopletoworkforthem.Althoughwhite-collar

workersaremorelikelytobelaidoffnowadays,theyarealsolikelytogetrehired.

UnemploymentamongcollegegraduatesinAmericaisjustover2%.Thesame

competitionforscarcetalentisevidentinBritain.Forsometimetocome,talentedpeople

intheWestwilldemandmorefromemployers,andcleveremployerswillcreatenew

gewgawstoattractthemtojoin.Thoseemployersshouldnotethatforagrowingnumber

oftheseworkersthemostappealinggewgawofallisthefreedomtoworkasandwhen

theyplease.

6、Employeesaredemandingmorefromtheiremployersbecause

A、theyalwaysputtheirworkasthefirstthinginlife.

B、theyarepursuingamorebalancedlifestyle.

C、theyareequippedwithspecialskills.

D、theyarefocusingonbenefitsmorethantheirsalary.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的demandingmore定位至首段。開篇指出

在西方富裕國(guó)家越來越多的人想要在工作和生活之間找到一個(gè)更好的平衡。接著介

紹他們對(duì)此的表現(xiàn)：有些人開始抗拒父母一代認(rèn)為工作總是第一的理念；另有一些

掌握稀缺技術(shù)的人則要求更多，因?yàn)樗麄冎雷约耗艿玫綕M足。第二句是對(duì)首句的

解釋，由此可見，雇員向雇主提出更多的要求是為了獲得一種更加平衡的生活方

式，故［B］為答案。根據(jù)該段第二句可知，認(rèn)為工作第一是父母一輩的想法，與孩

子的想法完全不同，故排除［A］；第二句中提到一些工人擁有稀缺技能，這是他們

能向雇主要求更多的條件，而不是原因，因此排除［C］；第一段末句最后指出：雇

主不僅僅關(guān)注雇員的工資，還關(guān)注其他福利，［D］中將原句主語換成了“雇員”，屬

干偷梁換桿，故排除。

7、Thepresentsituationaboutthework-lifebalanceproblemisthat

A^manycompanieshavedifferentprogrammesforthisproblem.

B>manycompaniesarereadytotakeeffectivesolutions.

C、companiesareattwoextremesinsolvingthisproblem.

D^manycompaniesareindifferenttothisproblem.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞work-lifebalance定位至第二段第二

句。該段第一句指出：一些公司在一段時(shí)間以前就注意到這種思想傾向的變化了。

接著以IBM為例進(jìn)行說明：推出了50多個(gè)促進(jìn)工作和生活平衡的方案。然后進(jìn)行

轉(zhuǎn)折：許多公司還不相信這一變化，即使相信，許多公司也缺乏能力來達(dá)成這一目

標(biāo)。由此推出，現(xiàn)在公司分成兩派：一種是迅速采取行動(dòng)，滿足員工的需求；一種

是不承認(rèn)變化，也缺乏能力滿足員工的需求。可見這是兩個(gè)極端，故［C］為答案。

這里只提到了IBM公司和美國(guó)銀行的方案，沒有提到其他很多公司的方案，故排

除［A］；［B］與該段第二句中plentyofotherfirmsremainunconvinced矛盾，故排除;

句中只是說許多公司不相信有這種變化，并沒有說他們漠不關(guān)心，故排除［D］。

8、IBMismentionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat

A、IBMhasmanydifferentprogrammesenhancingwork-lifebalance.

B、flexibleworkingmeansflexibleworkingtime.

C、flexibleworkingincludesallowingemployeestoworkoutsideoffices.

D、flexibleworkingcanberealizedbyHexibleshifts.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至笫二段第二句：IBM說它現(xiàn)在有

40%的員工不在公司里辦公。這是段落中的支持性細(xì)節(jié)，通常作為說明前面提到的

觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)出現(xiàn)，該段前兩句指出：幾乎所有推動(dòng)工作和生活之間平衡方案中的主

要內(nèi)容都是彈性工作制。這讓人們擺脫了朝九晚五的工作時(shí)間限制。IBM的例子

就是對(duì)第二句的說明，故［C］為答案。［A］是對(duì)第二段第二句細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的總結(jié)，與本

段細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容支持的觀點(diǎn)無關(guān)，故排除；IBM的例子中沒有提到工作時(shí)間，顯然［B］

不是該論據(jù)支持的觀點(diǎn)，故排除；文中沒有提到IBM有靈活的輪班制度，故排除

［D］o

9、Accordingtothepassage,work-lifebalanceschemes

A、arenowadoptedbymanylargefirms.

B、mainlycontainchildcare,healthcareandflexibleworking.

C>arewelcomedbywhite-collarworkers.

D、arethenaturalresultoflabourforcecompetition.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的work-lifebalanceschemes定位至第五段

首句：從某種程度上而言，推動(dòng)工作和生活之間平衡的計(jì)劃的增多是由現(xiàn)在的勞動(dòng)

力市場(chǎng)造成的。第二句背出：知識(shí)型產(chǎn)業(yè)的公司擔(dān)心技術(shù)工人的短缺以及如何說服

人才為他們工作c由此可以推斷,work-1ife-balanceschemes的增多是勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)競(jìng)

爭(zhēng)的結(jié)果，故［D］為答案。文中只是提到schemes增多，沒有具體提到大公司，故

排除［A］；第四段指出大公司對(duì)工作和生活平衡計(jì)劃的看法：無外乎就是兒童保

育、醫(yī)療保健、彈性工作制等福利。這是大公司的看法，不是計(jì)劃涉及的具體內(nèi)

容，故排除［B］；第五段第三句提到白領(lǐng)們，但沒有說明他們對(duì)schemes的看法，

故排除［C］。

10、Theword"gewgaws”(Line2,Para.6)mostprobablymeans

A、jewelry.

positions.

C^policies.

D、payment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語義理解題。根據(jù)題干提示定位至末段。該段對(duì)人們要求實(shí)現(xiàn)工作和

生活的平衡這種趨勢(shì)進(jìn)行了評(píng)論和預(yù)測(cè)：在未來的一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，西方國(guó)家的人才將

會(huì)向雇主提出更多的要求，聰明的雇主將制定新的gewgaws來吸