第02講完形填空之夾敘夾議（講義）目錄考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航 1知識導(dǎo)圖·思維引航 3考點突破·考法探究 3考點一夾敘夾議文完形填空解題要點 3考點二高分技巧 41.分析命題規(guī)律，掌握解題策略 42.具備全文意識 43.選項考點明辨析 5題型考查頻次命題特點完形填空之夾敘夾議10年10考夾敘夾議文完形填空的文章一般具有哲理性，往往從一件看似平淡的小事中領(lǐng)悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人尋味，可讀性較強(qiáng)。文章記敘部分的內(nèi)容積極、情節(jié)曲折動人；議論部分則是記敘的升華，兼具教育性和啟發(fā)性。夾敘夾議文“敘議兼顧”，既有記敘文的特點，同時又具有議論文的特點。在結(jié)構(gòu)上，該文體采用“先敘后議”“先議后敘”或“敘議交替”的寫作模式，敘述中流露人間真情，體現(xiàn)理性思維，人文情懷、參與社會的人文素養(yǎng)。旨在記敘的基礎(chǔ)上，通過議論的手段，說明作者的態(tài)度、觀點、思想和目的。目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航：1.了解中考英語完形填空之夾敘夾議類題技巧概覽2.掌握解題步驟和策略?錦囊妙計錦囊1：吃透首節(jié)對哲理的介紹為了亮出觀點，表明寫作目的，體現(xiàn)文章的主旨大意和主題思想，哲理性記敘文多在文首提供哲理。另外，首節(jié)還有可能介紹生活哲理給作者所帶來的好處及作者悟出哲理的途徑。利用這些特點，可以巧妙推斷文章開頭部分的空缺信息。錦囊2：分析哲理的悟出過程哲理通常是作者有感而發(fā)的生活體驗，是從生活中獲取的人生教益。因此，在首節(jié)結(jié)束之后，作者會詳細(xì)介紹悟出哲理的過程，也就是自己從生活中獲取教益的心路歷程。用心分析這個過程，弄清其應(yīng)在什么樣的情況下才能被人們悟出，或者主人公會有什么樣的心路歷程,是一個關(guān)鍵的步驟。哲理性記敘文往往在文章末尾重提哲理，以便作者再次抒發(fā)內(nèi)心情感，表達(dá)哲理重要意義，并暗示讀者在今后的人生中應(yīng)該接受哲理的引導(dǎo)用性理規(guī)范自己的言行。錦囊3：關(guān)注段落之間邏輯聯(lián)系做好該類完形填空要注意：研究首尾——找主題，下聯(lián)系——尋信息，左顧右盼——找搭配，思前想后——覓邏輯，語境分析——辨詞義，集中精力——破難題。命題原則：中考完形填空把考查上下文語境放在第一位，詞匯運(yùn)用放在第二位。全文第一句不設(shè)空，設(shè)空間距為10-15詞，每小題所給的四個選項大多屬于同一種詞類或同一范疇。選項以考查實詞為主，如名詞、動詞、形容詞等；虛詞為輔，如介詞、連詞等。高頻命題點：完形填空遵循“以實詞為主、虛詞為輔、突出詞匯語境化”的命題原則，。語言簡單，長句不多，沒有生僻字。對動詞、名詞和形容詞的考查最多，對一詞多義、熟詞生義進(jìn)行適當(dāng)行適當(dāng)考查。考點一夾敘夾議文完形填空解題要點解題步驟內(nèi)容解讀分析結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住作者的觀點借助文章結(jié)構(gòu)，即事例→觀點，觀點→事例，觀點→事例→觀點，體會記敘和議論的關(guān)系，抓住作者的觀點，明確文章的組織方式。看文章屬于上述哪種結(jié)構(gòu)，從而明白作者的寫作思路重視首句，把握文章主題首句往往是文章的關(guān)鍵句、引題句或主題句。通過首句可以初步判斷文章的寫作中心，為全面理解文章打開一扇“窗戶”。敘議兼顧，理解議論內(nèi)涵夾敘夾議文中敘與議是一個有機(jī)的整體，敘是議的基礎(chǔ)，而議是敘的升華。在讀這類文章時，掌握議論部分的內(nèi)容是關(guān)鍵，因為敘述是為作者的議論而服務(wù)的。所以只有把故事和哲理聯(lián)系起來，再結(jié)合對人物心理和行為的描述，全面把握文章才能正確解題。抓住轉(zhuǎn)換，理清邏輯關(guān)系抓住記敘與議論的轉(zhuǎn)換，及時調(diào)整思維方式，理清上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系，在充分把握語境的基礎(chǔ)上，辨析詞語，進(jìn)一步把握作者的觀點、態(tài)度，找到正確答案。核對要點，代入驗證語意是否前后一致；上下文是否通順連貫，內(nèi)容是否完整；所選詞匯是否符合語法、句法結(jié)構(gòu)；文化背景和生活常識是否合理。考點二高分技巧1.分析命題規(guī)律，掌握解題策略句內(nèi)層次題：解題信息分布在本句內(nèi)部，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，邊讀邊填。句組層次題：解題信息分布在設(shè)空處前后的一組句子中，瞻前顧后尋找暗示。語篇層次題：解題信息分布在語篇的某一處甚至全篇，需要綜合推斷。2.具備全文意識速度全文知主旨：根據(jù)首句給出的提示，快速通讀全文，借助文中的關(guān)鍵詞，簡要了解文章大意，，理清脈絡(luò)，把握中心。寫作要素都緊緊圍繞這一中心進(jìn)行。抓住中心主旨大意有助于明確做題方向，提高針對性。先易后難加連貫：記敘文的最終目的是借助敘事來闡明一個道理，給人以啟迪或教益。因此，在閱讀時根據(jù)題型特點解答出較容易的題后，應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合上下文，分析具體情節(jié)，認(rèn)真體會文字背后的東西，才能洞悉作者的態(tài)度和觀點，推斷出更難一些的態(tài)度判斷題。復(fù)讀全文驗答案：填空全部完成后，將選項代入原文，通讀一遍，看讀文是否流暢、語意是否連貫，對感到很不通順的地方，可以從語法、詞文、習(xí)慣用法、固定搭配、背景知識等方面進(jìn)一步驗證和確定答案。3.選項考點明辨析重點在上下文語境理解上，詞匯運(yùn)用次之。每小題給出的單詞多為同一類詞。所設(shè)的選項更具有干擾性，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)對語境的考查。動詞：動詞的詞義辨析。形似、意近、根據(jù)語境辨析的。包括動詞詞組。名詞：名詞的詞義辨析。形似、意近、根據(jù)語境辨析的。形容詞：形容詞的詞義辨析。形似、意近、根據(jù)語境辨析的。副詞：副詞的詞義辨析。形似、意近、根據(jù)語境辨析的。典例引領(lǐng)典例引領(lǐng)（一）（2024·廣東珠海·三模）請通讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每小題所給的四個選項中，選出一個最佳答案.Whenthebellrangandtheexamended,Iwentoutoftheclassroom,feelingdownanddisappointed.Afterall,Icouldn’taccept1theexamagain.Theskywascoveredwith2cloudsandthewindwasblowinghard,whichmademeeven3.Onthewayhome,Ikeptmyeyesontheground.AssoonasI4home,mymomcametoaskmeaboutthe5withgreatexpectation.However,Ijustwalkedtowardmybedroomwithoutaword.Lyingonthebed,Icouldn’tstop6howmomandtheteacherwouldcriticize(批評)meandbegantocry.Mommusthaveknownwhathappenedtome,soshegentlyopenedthedoorandaskedmetogotothebalcony(陽臺).Shepointedtoa7outside,whichwassufferingfromalargestorm.Itsleavesandpetals(花瓣)wereshakinghardasifitwouldbe8intopieces.Buttomysurprise,thesmallflowerstillstoodthere,smilingagainstthewindandrain.Ifinallyunderstood.Despite(盡管)therebeingmanyfailuresanddifficulties,weshouldnotbeafraidofthemorgivethemupeasily.Wealwayshavetogoonandfight9.We’llseethebrightestrainbows10thestorm.Thatflower,whichbloomsinmyheart,isthemostbeautifulonethatI’veeverseen.1．A．failing B．passing C．marking D．forgetting2．A．little B．dark C．light D．bright3．A．happier B．sadder C．better D．stronger4．A．got B．left C．found D．missed5．A．class B．exam C．a(chǎn)ctivity D．subject6．A．complainingaboutB．talkingabout C．a(chǎn)rguingabout D．thinkingabout7．A．leaf B．petal C．flower D．crop8．A．made B．thrown C．broken D．cut9．A．bravely B．hardly C．lonely D．quickly10．A．Before B．Behind C．Later D．After（2024·吉林長春·三模）Onthedayofadaughter’sgraduationceremony,afathercongratulatedhisexciteddaughter.Heplannedtoteachhisdaughtera11.Hesaidtoher,“Mydear,I’mso12thatyouhavegraduatedfromcollege.You’vegrownup.NowI’mconsidering13mycar,andcanyouhelpmegetagoodpriceforit?”Thedaughterhappily14.Thenthefatherinstructedhertotakethecartodifferentplacesandthenchoosethebest15.Thedaughterknewthatherfather’scarwasa16one.Shebelievedthatthecarwasworthagoodpricethoughitlookedprettyold.Shewenttothefirstplace—ausedcarmarket,andreturnedtoherfather,saying,“Dad,they17me1,000dollarsbutitcan’tsatisfyme.”Thenshedrovetoapawn(典當(dāng))shopandwastoldthatthecarwasold-fashionedandworth200dollars,whichreally18thedaughter.Shetoldtheresulttoherfather19,“Itdrovemereallycrazy.Theyonlypaidattentiontoits20.”Thefathersmiledwithoutsayingaword.Thenextday,thedaughterwenttoacarcluband21thecartotheworkers.Theytoldthedaughterthatitwasarare(稀少的)carandveryhardto22inthemarketbecauseithadbeennolongerproduced.Theysaidtheywerereadytobuythecaranytimeat50,000dollarsandeven23.Thedaughtercouldn’twaittotellthegoodnewstoherfather.Thefathersaid,“Don’tbesurprisedandthecarhasits24there!Therightplacetreatsyouintherightway.Therefore,ifyouarenotlikedorvaluedbysomeone,donotbetooangry.Itjustmeansyouareinthe25place.Youshouldmoveonandgotoabetterplacewhereyouareappreciated(欣賞)andcertainlygofar.”11．A．skill B．job C．lesson D．habit12．A．surprised B．proud C．shocked D．nervous13．A．washing B．repairing C．painting D．selling14．A．a(chǎn)greed B．a(chǎn)llowed C．a(chǎn)nnounced D．a(chǎn)rgued15．A．car B．a(chǎn)ddress C．way D．price16．A．new B．terrible C．good D．broken17．A．sent B．left C．offered D．took18．A．praised B．hit C．punished D．comforted19．A．happily B．excitedly C．luckily D．disappointedly20．A．a(chǎn)ge B．light C．seat D．wheel21．A．showed B．made C．returned D．lent22．A．choose B．lose C．drive D．find23．A．fewer B．lower C．more D．less24．A．shape B．value C．choice D．dream25．A．proper B．wrong C．fair D．safe（2024·吉林長春·二模）閱讀短文，掌握其大意，然后從每小題所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案。Adoctorcameintothehospitalinahurryafterbeingcalledforanoperation(手術(shù)).Hechangedhisclothesquicklyandwent26totheoperationroom.Afterseeinghim,theboy’sfather27.“Whydidyoutakesuchlongtimetocome?Don’tyouknowthatmyson’slifeis28?”Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,“Iamsorry,Iwasn’tinthehospitalandIcameasfastasIcouldafter29thecall.Andnow,Iwishyou’dcalmdownsothatIcandomy30.”“Calmdown?!If31sonwasinthisroomrightnow,wouldyoucalmdown?”saidthefather32.Thedoctorsmiledagainandenteredtheoperationroomwithoutsaying33.Theoperationtookafew34andthedoctorwentouthappily,“Thankgoodness!Yoursonis35now!”Andwithoutwaitingforthefather’sreply,hecarriedonhiswayrunning.“36youhaveanyquestion,askthenurse!”“Whycouldn’the37amomentsothatIcanaskaboutmyson?”complainedthefather.Thenurseanswered38tearscomingdownherface,“Hissondiedyesterdayinacaraccident.Hewasintheburial(葬禮)whenwe39him.Andnowheleftrunningtofinishhisson’sburial.”NEVERjudgeanyonebecauseyouneverknow40theirlifeislikeandwhattheyaregoingthrough.26．A．down B．out C．right D．hard27．A．explained B．continued C．laughed D．shouted28．A．inexcitement B．indanger C．inpublic D．insurprise29．A．giving B．receiving C．returning D．refusing30．A．work· B．research C．exercises D．chores31．A．your B．my C．his D．her32．A．proudly B．clearly C．patiently D．a(chǎn)ngrily33．A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．everything D．nothing34．A．seconds B．minutes C．hours D．days35．A．safe B．sick C．a(chǎn)sleep D．hurt36．A．Before B．Because C．If D．Though37．A．spare B．keep C．use D．find38．A．a(chǎn)t B．for C．on D．in39．A．saw B．emailed C．called D．noticed40．A．what B．where C．why D．how（2024·黑龍江大慶·三模）Lilyisahappygirl.Shealwayshasabigsmileonherface.Oneday,she41anoldmannamedGrumble,sittingbesideariver.Theoldmanlookedsad.Lilywantedtomakehimhappy,soshewalkeduptohimwith42words.“Goodmorning,MrGrumble!Whyareyousosad?”sheasked.Grumblesaid,“What’stheretobehappyabout,youngone?Lifeis43troubles.”Lilyfeltsorryandsaid,“Troublesarelikebigandscarythunderclouds(雷雨云),MrGrumble.Butjustlikeclouds,theypass,making44forthesuntoshineagain.Everythingunhappywillpass.“ThenLilyofferedtomakeabetwithGrumble,saying,“IamsureIcanmakeyousmilebytheendoftheday.”Grumble45,“You’rewelcometotry,butitwon’tbeeasy.”Fortherestoftheday,LilydidallkindsoffunnyandsillythingstomakeGrumblelaugh.Shetoldjokes,sanglikenobodywaswatching,andevenmade46.However,Grumblewasstillunhappy.Asthesunbegantoset,Lilydecidedtogiveitonelasttry.Shetookadeepbreathand47anenjoyabledance.48,Grumblecouldn’thelpit.Heletoutachuckle(咯咯笑聲),andthenanother.Beforeheknewit,hewaslaughingheartily.Lilyhadwonthebet,butmoreimportantly,sheshowedGrumblethatbeinghappywasnot49.Happinessisachoice,andwecanfinditwhenwechoosetoseethebright50oflife.41．A．reported B．noticed C．realized D．interviewed42．A．familiar B．different C．exciting D．friendly43．A．readyfor B．similarto C．fullof D．farfrom44．A．way B．time C．speed D．height45．A．ordered B．replied C．encouraged D．refused46．A．differences B．promises C．mistakes D．faces47．A．held B．began C．spread D．laid48．A．Wonderfully B．Actually C．Surprisingly D．Normally49．A．difficult B．important C．necessary D．similar50．A．chance B．value C．side D．event（五）（2024·海南海口·三模）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從短文后各題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。OncetherewasamantravelinginIndia.Hewenttoamarketandsawalotoffruitforsale,butmostofitwasvery51.Onlyonethingwascheap:abigbasketofverylong,redfruit.“52isit?”theoldmanaskedtheshopkeeper.“Tworupees(盧比),”theshopkeeperanswered.TworupeesinIndiawasalmost53,sotheoldmanboughtawholekilogramandstartedeatingit.54,somethingwaswrong.Assoonashestartedeating,hismouthbegantoburn.Andhiswholefacebecameas55asthefruit.Ashecoughed,hejumpedupanddown,screaming:“Ah!Ah!Ah!”Andyethecontinuedtoeatthefruit!“You’re56!”somepeoplesaid.”Thosearechilipeppers!Youcan’tjusteatthemlikethat!We57putalittlebitofthemintofoodfortaste.Theyarenotfruit.”“No,Imustn’tstop!”Theoldmansaid.“I58moneyforthem,andnowImusteatthem.It’smymoney!”Thisoldmanmayseem59.Butmostofushaveputmoney,timeandeffortintosomethinglikearelationship,abusiness,orajob.Sometimes—evenwhenit’sstillnotworking—westill60itjustbecausewe’dputinallthatmoney,timeandeffort.Sometimesweneedtoletitgoandmoveon.51．A．dirty B．expensive C．unhealthy52．A．what B．how C．howmuch53．A．nothing B．everything C．something54．A．Besides B．However C．Still55．A．purple B．red C．green56．A．different B．crazy C．a(chǎn)ctive57．A．never B．seldom C．a(chǎn)lways58．A．paid B．made C．borrowed59．A．brave B．lovely C．stupid60．A．continuewith B．worryabout C．carefor（六）（2024·內(nèi)蒙古鄂爾多斯·二模）閱讀短文，從短文后各題所給的三個選項（A、B和C）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。AmyandSusanbothliveanaveragelife.Theyhaveanaveragehouse,anaveragejobandanaveragefamily.Thereisreallynothing61abouttheirlives,butthereisalsonothingreallynegativeabouttheirlives.However,whentheyarebothhappy,italwaysseemsthatAmyishappierthanSusan.Itlookslikenothingcan62Amy.Sheisthelifeofthepartyand63hasabigsmileonherface.Susancan’tstop64aboutthis.HowisAmysohappywhentheyboth65suchsimilarlives?Theygotothesamestores,watchthesamemovies,evenhave66schedules!Howcan