中考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)·定語從句一、定語從句定義：修飾名詞或代詞的從句，相當(dāng)于形容詞，被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。

關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞（who,whom,whose,which,that）或關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why）。從句翻譯：...的...句子結(jié)構(gòu)：......先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句(包含一個謂語)......從句劃分：從關(guān)系詞開始，劃到第二個謂語動詞（此動詞為主句謂語）之前停止，這部分即為從句。例如：Thebook

whichyoulentme

isinteresting.（lent是第一個謂語動詞，is是第二個謂語）找不到第二個動詞，就劃到句子結(jié)束。說明主句的謂語動詞在定語從句前面。例如：Thisistheschool

whichIlike.（like是從句謂語，is是主句謂語）關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系代詞指代對象（在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑├洌ㄈ私贪娼滩睦鋮⒖迹﹚ho人（主語/賓語）Theman

whoistalking

ismyteacher.whom人（賓語）Thegirl

whomyoumet

isLily.whose人或物的所屬關(guān)系Theboy

whosefatherisadoctor

won.（boy’sfather）which物或動物Thebook

whichyoulentme

isinteresting.that人或物Thedog

thatbarksloudly

ismine.關(guān)系副詞指代對象（在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑├鋡hen時間（=介詞+which）Iremembertheday

whenwemet.where地點（=介詞+which）Thisisthehouse

whereIwasborn.why原因（=forwhich）Tellmethereason

whyyouarelate.易錯點：①先行詞為表地點的名詞時，注意區(qū)分where和which：

→Thisistheschool

whereIstudy.（從句缺地點狀語;where=inwhich.）

→Thisistheschool

whichIlike.（從句缺賓語;where指代school,在從句中做賓語。）②先行詞為抽象地點，用where引導(dǎo)從句：→Lifeisajourneywherewelearnandgroweveryday.生活就是一場我們每天都在學(xué)習(xí)和成長的旅程。（“journey”是抽象的地點概念，where指代journey，在從句中做地點狀語）特殊規(guī)則：只能用that引導(dǎo)先行詞是不定代詞（all,something,anything等）或被最高級/序數(shù)詞/限定詞（theonly/thelast）修飾時→ThisisthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.→Shetoldmesomething(that)I’llneverforget.→Shewas

theonlystudentthat

passedtheexam.關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可省略（非正式用法）：→Thepen(that)youboughtisnice.

二、綜合練習(xí)題單選題（共30題）從A、B、C中選擇最佳答案。Theboy______isplayingbasketballismybrother. A.who B.which C.whoseThisisthepark______wehadapicniclastSunday. A.where B.which C.whoseThebook______youlentmeisveryinteresting.A.who B./(不填) C.whoseDoyouremembertheday______wefirstmet?A.which B.when C.whoseThewoman______sonwontheprizeisadoctor.A.who B.whose C.whomIsthisthemuseum______youvisitedlastyear?A.where B.which C.whoseAll______youneedisconfidence.A.which B.that C.whoseTheonlything______Iwantisyourhappiness.A.which B.that C.whoThereason______hewasabsentisstillunknown.A.why B.when C.whichThedog______barkseverynightbelongstoourneighbor.A.who B.which C.whoseIdon’tlikepeople______arealwayslate.A.which B.who C.whoseThecomputer______Iboughtyesterdaydoesn’twork.A.who B./(不填)C.whoseThisisthevillage______mygrandparentslived.A.which B.where C.thatThegirl______youtalkedtoismybestfriend.A.whom B.which C.whoseThemovie______wewatchedlastnightwasboring.A.whose B.which C.whereSheisthemostcarefulstudent______Ihaveevertaught.A.which B.that C.whoseThehouse______windowsarebrokenisempty.A.which B.whose C.whereI’llneverforgettheday______Igotmyfirstpet.A.which B.when C.whoseTheteacher______teachesusmathisverystrict.A.who B.which C.whoseThepen______youareusingismine.A.who B./(不填) C.whoseThisisthebestnovel______Ihaveeverread.A.which B.that C.whoseTheboy______bikewasstolencriedsadly.A.who B.whose C.whomThecity______Iwasbornisverybeautiful.A.which B.where C.thatThereisnothing______canstopusnow.A.which B.that C.whoseThewoman______yousawjustnowisourprincipal.A.who B.which C.whoseTheyear______Igraduatedwas2020.A.which B.when C.whoseThecake______mymothermadetastesdelicious.A.who B./(不填) C.whoseTheschool______mybrotherstudieshasabiglibrary.A.which B.where C.thatThelastperson______leavesshouldturnoffthelights.A.which B.that C.whoseThestory______hetolduswasveryfunny.A.who B./(不填) C.whose2)填空題（共30題）用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空（可省略時用“/”表示）。Theman______iswearingablueshirtismyuncle.Thisisthehouse______Iwasborn.Thereason______shecriedisstillasecret.Theonlything______Irememberishissmile.Thedog______barksloudlyismypet.Thebook______coverisgreenisveryinteresting.Ihavesomething______mightinterestyou.Theday______wefirstmetwasrainy.Thestudent______youhelpedisverygrateful.Thehospital______myfatherworksisverymodern.Everything______youseehereishandmade.Thegirl______wonthecompetitionisonly10yearsold.Thefirstperson______answerscorrectlywillgetaprize.Thecity______wevisitedlastsummerwasamazing.Theteacher______classesareinterestingisverypopular.Theboy______bikewasstolenreportedtothepolice.Thepark______weplayedyesterdayisclosingsoon.All______isneededisyoursignature.Thewoman______youmetatthepartyisafamouswriter.Thetime______wespenttogetherwaswonderful.Thecomputer______Iuseeverydayisveryfast.Thepresent______yougavemeisonmydesk.Theschool______hasabigplaygroundisnearmyhouse.Themovie______wewatchedyesterdaywasexciting.Theperson______helpedmewasverykind.Thecake______mygrandmamadewasdelicious.Thecountry______IwanttovisitmostisJapan.Thestory______hetoldmadeeveryonelaugh.Thecat______tailislongismine.Theletter______Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommypenpal.3)翻譯題（共30題）使用定語從句將下列句子翻譯成英語。正在唱歌的女孩是我的妹妹。_________________________________________________________你昨天借給我的書很有趣。_________________________________________________________這是他為什么生氣的原因。________________________________________________________唯一記得我生日的人是我的媽媽。________________________________________________________我們上周參觀的博物館很有趣。________________________________________________________所有參加比賽的學(xué)生都會得到獎品。________________________________________________________我不喜歡嘲笑別人的人。________________________________________________________她住在窗戶朝南的房間里。________________________________________________________你借給我的鋼筆丟了。________________________________________________________這是他去年工作的公司。________________________________________________________正在打籃球的男孩是我的弟弟。________________________________________________________沒有我能做的事情了。________________________________________________________你還記得我們第一次見面的日子嗎？________________________________________________________這是他唯一感興趣的科目。________________________________________________________那個幫助過我的老師退休了。________________________________________________________我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我得到第一只寵物的那一天。________________________________________________那個自行車被偷的男孩傷心地哭了。________________________________________________________我出生的城市非常美麗。________________________________________________________我每天使用的電腦速度很快。________________________________________________________你昨天看的電影很無聊。________________________________________________________我奶奶做的蛋糕很好吃。________________________________________________________我們昨天去的公園要關(guān)閉了。________________________________________________________他講的故事讓大家都笑了。________________________________________________________尾巴很長的那只貓是我的。________________________________________________________我昨天收到的信是我筆友寄來的。________________________________________________________教我們數(shù)學(xué)的老師非常嚴(yán)格。________________________________________________________你剛才看到的那位女士是我們的校長。______________________________________________________我畢業(yè)的那一年是2020年。________________________________________________________我想要參觀的國家是日本。________________________________________________________第一個回答正確的人將獲得獎品。________________________________________________________

參考答案單選題A.who-先行詞是人，從句缺主語，用who或that。A.where-先行詞表示地點，從句缺地點狀語，用where。B./(不填)-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，關(guān)系代詞作賓語時可省略。B.when-先行詞表示時間，從句缺時間狀語，用when。B.whose-從句需表示所屬關(guān)系，用whose。B.which-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，用which/that，或省略。B.that-先行詞是不定代詞"all"，必須用that。B.that-先行詞被theonly修飾，必須用that。A.why-先行詞是"thereason"，從句缺原因狀語，用why。B.which-先行詞是動物，從句缺主語，用which/that。B.who-先行詞是人，從句缺主語，用who/that。B./(不填)-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，可省略關(guān)系代詞。B.where-先行詞表示地點，從句缺地點狀語，用where。A.whom-先行詞是人，從句缺賓語，正式用法用whom，口語可用who/that或省略。B.which-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，用which/that或省略。B.that-先行詞被最高級修飾，必須用that。B.whose-從句需表示所屬關(guān)系，用whose。B.when-先行詞表示時間，從句缺時間狀語，用when。A.who-先行詞是人，從句缺主語，用who/that。B./(不填)-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，可省略關(guān)系代詞。B.that-先行詞被最高級修飾，必須用that。B.whose-從句需表示所屬關(guān)系，用whose。B.where-先行詞表示地點，從句缺地點狀語，用where。B.that-先行詞是不定代詞"nothing"，必須用that。A.who-先行詞是人，從句缺賓語，口語可用who/that或省略。B.when-先行詞表示時間，從句缺時間狀語，用when。B./(不填)-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，可省略關(guān)系代詞。B.where-先行詞表示地點，從句缺地點狀語，用where。B.that-先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾，必須用that。B./(不填)-先行詞是物，從句缺賓語，可省略關(guān)系代詞。

2）填空題序號答案序號答案序號答案1who11that21that/which2where12who22that/which3why13that23that/which4that14that/which24that/which5that/which15whose25who/that6whose16whose26that/which7that17where27that/which8that/which18that28that/which9whom/that/（可省略）19whom/that/（可省略）29whose10where20that/which30that/which翻譯題Thegirlwhoissingingismysister.Thebook(that/which)youlentmeyesterdayisinteresting.Thisisthereasonwhyhewasangry.Theonlypersonthatremembersmybirthdayismymom.Themuseum(that/which)wevisitedlastweekwasinteresting.Allthestudentsthat/whojoinedthecompetitionwillgetaprize.Idon’tlikepeoplewholaughatothers.Shelivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.Thepen(that/which)youlentmeislost.Thisisthec