北京市最新高考英語閱讀理解專題練習（及答案）

一、高中英語閱讀理解

1.閱讀理解

CassandraFeeleyfindsithardtomanageonherhusband'sincome.Sothisyearshedid

somethingmorethanahobby.Sheplantedvegetablesinheryard.Forherfirstgarden,Ms.

Feeleyhasputin15tomatoplants,andfiverowsofavarietyofvegetables.Thefamily'soldfarm

househasbecomeachickenhouse,itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.Lastyear,Ms.RitaGartin

keptasmallgarden.Thisyearshehasmadeitmuchlargerbecause,shesaid,"Thecostof

everythingisgoingupandIwaslookingtoloseafewpoundstoo;soit'sawin-winsituationall

around."

TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericanswho,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsanda

fallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningforthefirsttime.Othershaveincreasedthe

sizeoftheirexistinggardens.Seedcompaniesandgardenshopssaythatnotsincethe1970shas

therebeensuchanincreaseininterestingrowingfoodathome.Nowmanygardensacrossthe

countryhavebeensoldoutforseveralmonths.InAustin,Tex,someofthegardenshaveathree-

yearwaitinglist.

GeorgeCBallJr.ownerofacompany,saidsalesofvegetableseedsandplantsareupby40%,

overlastyear,doubletheaveragegrowthoflastfiveyears.Mr.Ballarguesthatsomecfthe

reasonshavebeenbuildingforthelastfewyears.Thebigoneisstrikingriseinthecostonfood

likebreadandmilk,togetherwiththeincreasesinthepriceoffruitandvegetables.Foodprices

haveincreaseofhigheroilprice.Peoplearedrivingless,takingfewervacations,sothereismore

timetogarden.

(1)Whatdoestheword"residents"inParagraph1probaolyreferto?

A.chickensB.tomatoesC.gardensD.people

(2)Whyisvegetablegardeningbecomingincreasinglypopular?

A.MoreAmericansaredoingitforfun.B.Thepriceofoilislowerthanbefore.

C.There'sagrowingneedforfruits.D.Thecostoflivingisontherise.

(3)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FamilyFoodPlanningB.BankingonGardening

C.ABelt-tighteningMoveD.GardeningasaHobby

【答案】⑴A

(2)D

(3)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，越來越多的美國人在自家花園里種菜，分析出現這

一現象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和經濟的下降，人們不得不自己種菜以降低生活成

本。

(1)考查詞義猜測。根據第?段中的"Thefamily'soldfarmhousehasbecomeachicken

house,itsresidentsarrivingnextmonth.”可知,CassandraFeeley的舊房子成為了養雞的地

方，下個月新的居民就要來了。這里的新居民就是指他們所養的雞。故選A。

（2）考查推理判斷。根據笫二段中的"TheyareamongthegrowingnumberofAmericans

who,drivenbyhigherlivingcostsandafallingeconomy,havetakenupvegetablegardeningfor

thefirsttime.”可知，菜園的出現是由于生活成本的上升以及經濟的下降導致的。故選D。

（3）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文講述了越來越多的美國人在自家花園里種菜，

分析出現這一現象的原因是由于生活成本的上升和經濟的下降。文章并沒有涉及家庭食物

計劃和緊縮活動，更不是把園藝當成愛好。故選B。

【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇社會現象

類閱讀，考生需要根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確

答案。

2.閱讀理解

Atfirst,MichaelSurrelldidn'tseetheblacksmokeorflamesshootingfromthewindowsofhis

neighbors'home.Heandhiswifehadjustparkedaroundthecornerfromtheirownhousein

Allentown,Pennsylvania,whentheygotacallfromoneofhisdaughters,"Thehousenextdooris

onfire!"Hewenttoinvestigate.That'swhenhesawtwowomenandagirlhysterical（歇斯底里

的）ontheirporch.

"Thebaby'sinthere!"oneofthewomencried.Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,

Surrell,then64,instinctivelyraninside."Thebaby"was8-year-oldTiaraRoberts,thewoman's

granddaughterandaplaymateofSurrell'sthreeyoungestkids,then8,10,and12.Theothertwo

ontheporchwereTiara'sauntandcousin.

Enteringtheburninghousewaslike"runningintoabucketofblackpaint,"Surrellsays.The

thicksmokecausedhimtostumbleblindlyaround,burnedhiseyes,andmadeitimpossibleto

breathe.Theconditionswouldhavebeenhazardousforanyone,butforSurrell,whohaschronic

obstructivepulmonarydisease（慢性阻塞性肺疾病）,theywerelife-threatening.Hewasthelast

personwhoshouldhaverunintoaburningbuilding--hehaslungdisease.Butthatdidn'tstop

him.

Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,heretreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath."Where

isTiara?"heaskeddesperately."Thesecondfloor."herauntshoutedback.

Surrellknewhecouldn'tholdhisbreathforlong.Soheutteredalittleprayer;"Well,Lore,this

isit.Yougottahelpme,becauseI'mnotcomingoutwithoutthatlittlegirl."Takingadeepbreath,

hewentinasecondtime.

Thedarknesswasoverwhelming.Yetbecausethehousehadasimilarlayouttohis,hefound

thestairsandmadeittothesecondfloor.Heturnedtotherightandwasmetbyintenseheat.He

wasalreadyoutofbreath.

"Babygirl,whereareyou?"Histhroatandlungsburnedasifhe'dinhaledfireinsteadofthe

smokeandsootintheair.Everyblinkstunghiseyes.Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingand

poppingofburningwood.①.Stillunabletosee,Surrellfelltohiskneesonthehotwoodfloor.

Hecrawledtowardthesound,feelingaroundforanysignofthegirl.Anominousthoughtcrossed

hismind:I'mprobablygonnadieuphere.

Finallyhetouchedsomething.Ashoe,thenanankle.HepulledTiaratowardhim.（2）Herbody

waslimpandshewasn'tbreathing.Hescoopedherintohisarmsandstood.Hefelttheheatof

theflamesonhischeeksTurning,hefoughtthroughthesmokeandranblindlyintothe

blackness.Thenextthingheknew,hewasatthefrontdoor,thenoutside.SurrellputTiaradown

ontheporch.

③.Avoicetoldhim,"Youhavetobreatheforher."HestartedCPR-thefirsttimehe'dever

doneso.Thewomenstoodbehindhim,prayingsilently.Soonasoot-filledcoughcamefrom

Tiara'sthroat.Surrellgavefivemorebreaths.Shecoughedagain.Hereyesflickered.Hegaveone

finalbreath.Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.

(4).Theireyesmet.Surrellhuggedhertightandsaid,"Uncle'sgotyou."Soonafter,histhroat

closedoff.

Surrellwokeupinthehospitalacoupleofdayslater,havingsufferedsevereburnstohis

windpipeandtheupperportionofhislungs.Hespentoveraweekinthehospital.Tiarawas

releasedfromthehospitalafterafewdays.ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition,

andhefeelstheeffectseventwoyearslater.Asaresult,hetakesextramedicationthathelps

openhisairways."It'sasmallpricetopay,"hesays."I'ddoitagaininaheartbeat.Wouldn'tgive

itasecondthought."

(1)MichaelSurrellrantcsave"thebaby"mainlybecause.

A.hewasunUiescenecdsudlly

B.hewasdrivenbyinstinct

C.hisdaughterwasindanger

D.hisownhousewasatrisk

(2)WhyshouldSurrellbethelastpersontorunintoaburningbuilding?

A.Thefiredepartmenthadbeencalled.

B.Hewas64yearsoldatthattime.

C.Theconditionwaslife-threatening.

D.Hehadchronicpulmonarydisease.

(3)Inthecourseofrescue,Surrell.

A.hadtomoveoutforbreathbecauseofsmoke

B.waspreventedbytheoverwhelmingsmoke

C.madeittothesecondfloorwithoutanytrouble

D.couldclearlyhearthesoundmadebythebaby

(4)Whichblankcouldthesentence"Thenaweakbutdistrictvoiceemerged"bebestputin?

A①

S②

G③

"④

(5)Fromthelastparagraph,wecanlearnthat.

A.Surrellcamebacktolifeaweeklater

B.Tiarahadtostayinhospitalforweeks

C.Surrell'sdiseasebecamemoreserious

D.Tiaraneededfurtherextramedication

(6)Whatcanbeasuitabetitleforthepassage?

A.BreatheforHer

B.Struggletosurvive

C.Asmallpricetopay

D.Amanwithlungdisease

【答案】(1)B

(2)D

(3)A

(4)A

(5)C

(6)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一個患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的人不顧個人安危去鄰

居家著火的房子里成功救出小女孩，因此造成他肺部疾病加重，但是他對自己所做的從不

后悔。

(1)考查細節理解。根據第二段中的"Thoughthefiredepartmenthadbeencalled,Surrell,

then64,instinctivelyrannside."雖然已經給消防隊打電話了，但當時64歲的薩雷爾還是本

能地跑了進去,可知Surrell跑進去救嬰兒是因為本能驅使,這里instinctively本能地是

instinct的副詞形式，故選B。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據第三段中的"butforSurrell,whohaschronicobstructivepulmonary

disease(慢性阻塞性肺疾病)，theywerelife-threatening〃但對「患有慢性阻塞性肺疾病的

Surrell來說，當時的火勢對■他來說是危及生命的，所以Surrell是最不應該沖進著火大樓的

人，故選Do

(3)考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Afterafewminutesinthesmokefilledhouse,he

retreatedoutsidetocatchhisbreath.”在煙霧彌漫的房子里呆了幾分鐘后,他退到外面喘口

氣，可知在煙霧彌漫的房子里救人，期間Surrell不得不出來喘口氣，故選A。

(4)考查推理判斷。第一個空前"Allhecouldhearwasthecracklingandpoppingofburning

wood."他只能聽至ij燃燒木頭的哪嘴啪啪聲，選項A"Thenaweakbutdistinctvoiceemaged"

然后出現了一個微弱但清晰的聲音，句子中的Then在時間上承接前一句，空格后一句"Still

unabletosee"還是看不見，承接選項A〃一個微弱但清晰的聲音“，可以判斷聽到聲音但還

是看不見人，故選A。

(5)考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的"ThefireexacerbatedSurrell'spulmonarycondition//

大火加劇了Surrell的肺部疾病，可知Surrell的病情變得更嚴重了，故選

(6)考查主旨大意。根據倒數第三段中的“Avoicetoldhim,'Youhavetobreatheforher/He

startedCPR...Sheopenedhereyesandtookabreathonherown.”可知，Surrell給女孩做人工

呼吸，女孩最終可以自己呼吸活過來了，人能活下來要呼吸給心肺供氧，呼吸非常重要，

用breatheforher做主題引申Surrell挽救了女孩的生命，故選A。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是?篇故事類閱

讀，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推

理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

3.閱讀理解

ItookajourneytoNewYork,USseveralmonthsago.ItwasthefirsttimeIhadbeenabroad.It

wasalsothefirsttimeIhadtakenatripbymyself.Ihadgreatenthusiasmandhighhopes,andI

wasn'tletdown.

It'shardtodescribehowIfeltwhenIarrivedattheairportinNewYork.Lookingatpeopleof

differentracesandnationalitiespassingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,I

couldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.IhadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSso

clearlyandcloselybefore.

Thefollowingdayswereevenmoreimpressive.Weintegrated(融入)intotheforestofconcrete

andcement(混凝土和水泥).WewavedtotheStatueofLiberty;welookeddownatthebusy

islandofManhattan;welookedatwell-knownuniversities—HarvardofancientEgypt.

Thenwevisitedsomewell-knownuniversity—Harvard,Yale,PrincetonandColumbia—each

withitsownappealingandtime-honoredhistory.Butwhatalltheseuniversitieshaveincommon

istheirpeacefulacademicatmosphereswitchyoucouldfeeleverywhere.Iwasimpressedbythe

libraries,decoratedjustlikecathedrals(教堂),andthelaboratoriesjustnexttotheclassroom.My

dreamistoreturntothoseplacesasaninternationalstudent.

Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnitedNationsconferenceattheUniversityof

Chicago.StudentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactasUnitedNationsdelegationsandshare

theiropinionsaboutglobalissues.

Asanon-nativespeaker;Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.

ButitwasalsoararechangetoimprovemyEnglishandIcouldn'tthrowitaway.With

perseveranceanddevotion.Igotusedtotalkingtootherdelegationsnaturally.AlthoughIdidn't

winanyawards,thechairmanpraisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.

Thatmademefeelreallyproud.

Thistripbroughtmeunforgettableandvaluableexperiencesthatwillbenefitmeforever.

(1)Whatisthemainpurooseoftheauthor'sgoingtoAmerica?

A.Toseesomeplacesofinterest.B.Tovisitsomewell-knownuniversities.

C.Toattendacompetitionatauniversity.D.Tolearnabouttheculturaldiversitythere.

(2)Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhe/shesawtheculturaldiversityoftheUS?

A.Regretful.B.Amazed.C.Peaceful.D.Confident.

(3)Whatistheauthor'swishinthefuture?

A.ToworkfortheUnitedNations.B.Totourmorecountriesintheworld.

C.TohaveajobintheUnitedStates.D.TostudyinthefamousuniversitiesinAmerica.

(4)Whydidtheauthorfeelproud?

A.Hewonanawardinthecompetition.

B.Hewaspraisedbythechairman.

C.Hecouldpersuadeotherstoaccepthisopinions.

D.HecouldspeakEnglishwellattheconference.

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(?)D

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，作者去美國參加在一所大學里舉行的比賽，對美國

文化的多元化感到驚訝。作者雖然沒有獲獎，但他被主席表揚因而感到自豪。作者最大的

愿望是在美國大學里學習,

(1)考查推理判斷。根據倒數第二段中的"Finallycameourdestinations—theModelUnited

NationsconferenceattheUniversityofChicago.Studentsfromvariouscountriesarrivedtoactas

UnitedNationsdelegationsandsharetheiropinionsaboutglobalissues//和倒數第一段中的“As

anon-nativespeaker,Ifeltthatcompetingagainstnativespeakerswasaverytoughtask.”可知,

作者來美國的目的是為了在一所大學參加比賽。故選C。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據笫二段中的“Lookingatpeopleofdifferentracesandnationalities

passingbyandhearingdifferentlanguagesallaroundme,Icouldn'tsayanythingforalongtime.I

hadneverunderstoodtheculturaldiversityoftheUSsoclearlyandcloselybefore.”可知，作者

看到美國文化的多元化時感到驚訝。故選B。

(3)考查細節理解。根據第四段中的"Mydreamistoreturntothoseplacesasan

internationalstudent.〃可知，作者最大的愿望是在美國大學里學習。故選D“

(4)考查細節理解。根據最后一段中的"AlthoughIdidn'twinanyawards,thechairman

praisedmeattheclosingceremonyformyexcellentperformance.Thatmademefeel至ally

proud."可知，他被主席表揚因而感到自豪。故選B。

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，考生需

要準確捕捉細節信息、，并根據上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。

4.閱讀短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

DevonGallaghecacollegegraduatefromPhiladelphia,wantstheworldtoknowexactlywhere

she'sbeenwhileshe'sonherworldwidevacationinaspecialway.Thetraveler,whowasborn

withabonedisease,hadherrightlegamputated(截肢)attheageoffour.Althoughthe

amputationcausedinconvenienceforGallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortof

inspirationforlivingherbestlife.

Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotoscfher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(土也理位置標簽)，shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture.

NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowhercyclingoverthecanal

inAmsterdamrelaxingonawalloverlookingthecityofBarcelona,posingwithawaflein

Brussels,takinginthebeautifulParthenontempleinAthensandenjoyingariverrideinBudapest,

allwiththewell-knownlocationswrittenonherartificialleg.

"IgetanewlegeverytwoyearsandIcanchoosethedesignonit.OnedayIhadasudden

thoughttogetachalk-board,"Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,

butmyfriendsthoughtitwasgreatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."

Gallaghersaidpeopleoftenstarewhenshe'swritingonherleg,butonceshesharesthe

photos,shereceivesonlypositivefeedback(反饋)，"Myleghasn'tstoppedmefromdoing

anythingI'vewantedtodo,"shesaid."Idon'tknowifit'smydeterminationtoprovetomyself

thatIcandoit,anyway,I'vebeenabletokeepupwithpeopleatmyageandleadaprettygreat

life."

Gallaghershowsusthatyoushouldneverletanythingstandinthewayofyourdreams.Andif

lifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart.

(1)WhatmessagedidGallapherwanttospreadinherspecialway?

A.Sheenjoyshertravellingacrosstheglobe.

B.Shesufferslittlefromherleg'samputation.

C.shelooksonhermisfortuneasanotherformofblessing.

D.Shehasexactlyfalleninlovewithpostingphotosonline.

(2)Whatdoestheword'which"underlinedinparagraph3referto?

A.thecontinentB.thepicturesC.thelegD.thelocation

(3)Gallaphercanbestbedescribedas.

A.helpfulandambitiousB.friendlyandgenerous

C.determinedandcreativeD.independentandsensible

(4)Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.NeverTooLatetoshareB.ASpecialAlificialLeg

C.AnOutstandingPhotographerD.Gallagher'sSummerHolidays

【答案】(1)C

(2)B

(3)C

(4)B

【解析】【分析】DevonGallagher小時因病右腿截肢，盡管有很多不便，但她認為這可以

激勵她過上最好的生活。長大后Gallagher在社交媒體上分享自己環球旅行的照片，但她并

沒有簡單的使用地理標簽，而是拍照前在假肢上寫下自己的位置。她的故事告訴我們不要

讓任何東西擋住通往夢想的道路。

(1)細節理解題。根據第一段中Althoughthearrputationcausedinconveniencefor

Gallagherearlyon,shenowseesitasnothingshortofinspirationforlivingherbestlife.。盡管截

肢早期給她帶來了很多不便，但她認為這可以激勵她過上最好的生活。由此可知Gallagher

想以她獨特的方式表明她把自己的不幸看做是另一種幸運的形式，故選Co

(2)推理判斷題。NowshehasbeentakingpicturesacrosstheContinent,whichshowher

cyclingoverthecanalinAmsterdamrelaxingonawall...現在她在整個大陸拍照，應該是這些

照片展示了…所以which指代的是她拍的照片，故選B.

(3)推理判斷題。根據第四段OnedayIhadasuddenthoughttogetachalk-board,"

Gallaghersaid."Mymumandgrandmotherdidn'tliketheidea,butmyfriendsthoughti:was

greatandtoldmetogoforit,soIdid."Gallagher說她媽媽和外婆都不喜歡她chalk-board的主

意、,但她的朋友喜歡，讓她去試試，所以她就去了，可知Gallagher很有決心。根據第二

段Tospreadthatmessage.Gallagherhasgonetosocialmedia,whereshesharesphotosofher

travelsacrosstheworld,butinsteadofsimplyusingageo-tag(地理位置標簽)，shewritesher

locationonherartificiallegbeforetakingapicture。Gallagher把她的位置寫在假肢上來和大

家分享可知他是一個很有創造性的人，故選C.

(4)主旨大意題。最后一段Andiflifegivesyouanartificialleg,makeart。是本文的主題

句，根據文章內容可知本文主要描述的是截肢的Gallagher在社交媒體上分享自己環球旅行

的照片，但她并沒有簡單的使用地理標簽，而是拍照前在假肢上寫下自己的位置的故事。

這篇文章是想通過Gallagher的一條假肢,傳達出一種樂觀向上的生活態度,故ASpecial

ArtificialLeg是最好的標題。故選A°

【點評】考查閱讀理解本文涉及細節理解題、推理判斷題和主旨大意題三種常考題型，

細節理解題要注意從文中尋找答案；推理判斷題需要聯系上下文以及分析特殊句式，推斷

出需要的信息：主旨大意題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。

5.閱讀理解

"Whatkindofrubbishareyou?"Thisquestionmightnormallycauseanger;butinShanghaiit

wasbroughtaboutwearycomplaintsoverthepastfewmcnths.OnJuly1st,thecityintroduced

strictrubbish-sortingregulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.

Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparatecategoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.

Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyed

andtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish.

Violatorscouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).Forrepeatviolators,thecitycanadd

blackmarkstotheircreditrecords,makingitharderforthemtoobtainhankloansorevenbuy

traintickets.

Shanghaiauthoritiesarerespondingtoobviousenvironmentalproblem.Itproduces9rrillion

tonsofgarbageayear.Butlikeothercitiesinchina,itlacksarecyclingsystem.Instead,ithas

reliedonrubbishpickerstopickoutwhatevercanbereused.Thishaslimits.Aspeopleget

wealthier;fewerofthemwanttodosuchdirtywork.Thewaste,meanwhile,justkeepspilingup.

Chinaproduces80billionpairsofone-offchopsticksayear.

Manycitizensappeartosupporttheideaofrecyclingingeneralbutarefrustratedbythe

details.Rubbishmustbedividedaccordingtowhetheritisfood,recyclable,dryorhazardojs(有

害的)，thedistinctionsamongwhichcanbeconfusing,thoughthereareappstohelpworkitout.

Somehavecomplainedabouttherulessurroundingfoodwaste.Theymustputitstraightinthe

requiredpublicbin,forcingthemtotearopenplasticbagsandtoss(投擲)itbyhand,Most

annoyingaretheshortperiodsforthrowingtrash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningand

evening.Alongwiththemcnitorsatthebins,thismeansthatpeoplegoataroundthesametime

andcankeepaneyeonwhatisbeingthrownout;noonewantstolookbad.

(1)What'sthepurposecfParagraph1?

A.Tocomplainaboutrubbishdividing.

B.Toexplainthefourcategoriesofthewaste.

C.Tointroducetherulesonwastesorting.

D.Toshowthegoalofrubbish,sortingregulations.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"Violators"inParagraph2referto?

A.Peoplewhodon'tpayfortraintickets.B.Peoplewhoarguewiththemonitors.

C.Peoplewhoobtainbankloans.D.Peoplewhoareagainsttheregulations.

(3)Whatmakesthecitizensupsetmostabouttherules?

A.Complexdistinctionamongthefourcategoriesofrubbish.

B.Shortscheduledtimefortossingrubbish.

C.Beingobservedbymonitorswhenthrowingthegarbage.

D.Beingfinedwhenblamedduetoimproperbehavior.

(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.ARestartofWaste-sortingB.ANewAgeofGarbageClassification

C.LearningtoClassifyRubbishD.Rubbish-sortingBenefitstheWorld

【答案】(1)C

(2)D

(3)B

(4)B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道，介紹了7月1日上海市出臺的垃圾分類規定，有

望成為我國的一個典范。文章說明了垃圾分類規定的部分內容以及違反者將面臨的處罰，

這項政策出臺的原因是上海日益增多的垃圾，以及居民們對此政策的看法和態度。

(1)考查推理判斷。根據第一段中的"Citizensmustdividetheirwasteintofourseparate

categoriesandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduledtimes,whenmonitors

arepresenttoensurethatrulesareobeyedandtoexaminethenatureofone'srubbish."市民必

須將垃圾分為四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規定的時間這樣做，當監

督員在場時，以確保規則得到遵守，并檢查垃圾的性質。可知主要是在說明垃圾分類的相

關規定，故第一段的目的是介紹垃圾分類的規則。故選C。

(2)考查詞義猜測。根據第二段中的"Theycouldbehitwithfinesofupto200yuan($29).”

他們將面臨最高200元(29美元)的罰款。可推測他們此處指違反垃圾分類規定的人們，故

劃線單詞意思為“違反規定的人"，故選D。

(3)考杳細節理解。根據最后一段中的"Mostupseta-etheshortwindowsforthrowing

trash,typicallyacoupleofhours,morningandevening."最讓人心煩的是扔垃圾的短暫開放

期，通常是早上和晚上的幾個小時，可知，扔垃圾的時間很短讓居民對這些規定最不滿。

故選B。

(4)考查主旨大意。根據第?段中的"OnJuly1st,thecityintroducedstricttrash-sorting

regulationsthatareexpectedtobeusedasamodelforourcountry.Residentsmustdividetheir

wasteintofourseparatekindsandputitintospecificpublicbins.Theymustdosoatscheduled

times,whenmonitorsarepresenttoensurecomplianceandtoinquireintothenatureofone's

rubbish.”月1日，該市出臺了嚴格的垃圾分類規定,有望成為我國的一個典范。居民必須

將他們的垃圾分成四類，并將其放入特定的公共垃圾箱。他們必須在規定的時間這樣做，

當監督員在場時，以確保遵守和調查一個人的垃圾的性質)以及文章主要內容圍繞著上海

垃圾分類規定標志著一個垃圾分類的新時代的開始而展開，故選Bo

【點評】本題考點涉及細節理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一

篇新聞報道，要求考生在捕捉細節信息的基礎上，進一步根據上下文的邏輯關系，進行分

析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。

6.閱讀理解

Supposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It'sverylikelythatyou'llwanttohave

volunteerstohelpwiththeorganization'sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstancwhy

peopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.

Let'sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveral

factorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonal

valuesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial

relationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.

Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishto

attract.

Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunity

service,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,:hese

programscanshiftpeople'swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g."Ivolunteer

becauseit'simportanttome")toanexternalfactor(e.g."IvolunteerbecauseI'mrequiredtodo

so").Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbe

sensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.

Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?To

answerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrack

volunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.One

ofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfac:ionasvolunteerswastheamountof

sufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,

itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento

"trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethem

withstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience".

Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofeeusedonindividualdifferencesinthe

degreetowhichpeopleview"volunteer"asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthose

peopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobe

mostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrole

matteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas"VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartof

whoIam."Consistentwiththeresearchers'expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正相

關)betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.

Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:"Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,

continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity....ItemslikeT-shirtsthat

allowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenrole

identity".

(1)Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.

A.academicrequirementsB.socialexpectations

C.financialrewardsD.internalneeds

(2)WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?

A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear.

B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.

C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch.

□.Volunteersareprovidedv/ithconcreteadvice.

(3)Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?

A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity.

B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.

C.Roleidentityasavolunteer.

□.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.

(4)Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer

B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviors

C.HowtoKeepVolunteers'Interest

D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities

【答案】(1)D

(2)B

(3)C

(4)A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了怎樣讓人們去做志愿者的一些方法。

(1)考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“...peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelated

tounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocial

relationships."可知，人們做志愿工作主要是出于表達無私的個人價值觀、拓展自身的經

驗、加強社會關系等內在需求。故選D。

(2)考查推理判斷。根據第四段中的"Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento

'trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwit