第1頁/共1頁門頭溝區2025年高三年級綜合練習英語本試卷共11頁，共100分。考試時長90分鐘。考生務必在答題卡指定區域作答，在試卷上作答無效。考試結束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節，30分）第一節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ihadjuststeppedintotheschoollibrarytoprepareformyresearchpaper.Iwaslookingthroughtheshelvesforareferencebookwhena(n)___1___caughtmyattention.“Therewillbeasciencecompetitionnextmonth.Allstudentsinterestedarewelcometoparticipate.”Myclassmatesaroundmestarteddiscussingitenthusiasticallyandaskedme,“Areyougoingtojoin,Tom?”“Whynot?”Ireplied.Ihadno___2___incompetitionsbefore,butIthoughtitwouldbeagreatopportunitytochallengemyself.Thenextday,therewasacrowdofstudentsgatheringinthesciencelabtosignup.Everyoneseemeddetermined.Ihadn'tplannedtoget___3___inthisatfirst.ButnowthatIwashere,I___4___feltabitoverwhelmed(不知所措的).WhatifIcouldn'tmeettherequirements?Ifilledouttheregistrationformandtheteacher___5___mybasicknowledgeinscience.ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.Theteacherencouragedmeandgavemesomeadvice.IfeltlikeIhada___6___,soIsaid,“Themostchallengingone.”Shesaidshewaslookingforwardtomyperformance.Istartedtoworry.WhatifIdisappointedher?Afewweekslater,thepreparationmaterialswere___7___bytheteacher.ThenIstartedtostudyintensively.Whenthecompetitiondayfinallyarrived,Iwasbothnervousandexcited.Duringthecompetition,Itriedtoanswerallthequestions.AndwhenIsawthe___8___ontheteacher'sfaceafterthecompetition,IknewIhaddoneagoodjob.Aftertheresultswereannounced,IfoundoutthatIhadwonthefirstprize.Itwasanamazingfeeling.Andwhenmyclassmatesstarted___9___me,thatmademefeelextremelyproud.Ittaughtmethatby___10___newchallenges,IcouldachievemorethanIeverimagined.1.A.notice B.invitation C.reminder D.instruction2.A.degree B.difficulty C.potential D.experience3A.addicted B.caught C.trapped D.involved4.A.generally B.suddenly C.constantly D.originally5.A.explained B.exchanged C.examined D.extended6.A.credit B.change C.choice D.dream7.A.distributed B.destroyed C.reserved D.stored8.A.satisfaction B.disappointment C.curiosity D.anxiety9.A.comforting B.congratulating C.encouraging D.accompanying10.A.meetingwith B.callingfor C.takingon D.preparingfor【答案】1.A2.D3.D4.B5.C6.C7.A8.A9.B10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者參加科學競賽，選擇了最有挑戰性的一個，最終獲得了一等獎的經歷。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我正在書架上找參考書，這時一張布告引起了我的注意。A.notice布告；B.invitation邀請；C.reminder提醒物；D.instruction指導。根據后文“Therewillbeasciencecompetitionnextmonth.Allstudentsinterestedarewelcometoparticipate.(下個月將有一場科學競賽。歡迎所有感興趣的學生參加)”可知是關于科學競賽的布告。故選A。【2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以前沒有比賽經驗，但我認為這將是一個挑戰自己的好機會。A.degree程度；B.difficulty困難；C.potential潛能；D.experience經驗。根據后文“Ithoughtitwouldbeagreatopportunitytochallengemyself”可知，作者決定以此挑戰自己，推測以前沒有過比賽經驗。故選D。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我一開始并沒有打算參與其中。A.addicted沉迷于；B.caught抓住；C.trapped困住；D.involved涉及。根據后文“Ifilledouttheregistration”此處指參與比賽，用getinvolvedin。故選D。【4題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但現在我在這里，我突然感到有點不知所措。A.generally通常；B.suddenly突然；C.constantly持續地；D.originally起初。根據后文“WhatifIcouldn’tmeettherequirements?(如果我達不到要求怎么辦？)”指作者突然開始懷疑自己，感到有點不知所措。故選B。【5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我填寫了登記表，老師檢查了我的科學基礎知識。A.explained解釋；B.exchanged交換；C.examined檢查；D.extended擴大。根據后文“mybasicknowledgeinscience”以及“ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.Theteacherencouragedmeandgavemesomeadvice.(然后她問我想參加哪個項目。老師鼓勵我，給了我一些建議)”可知，要參加比賽需要先檢查基礎知識，故選C。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得我有一個選擇，所以我說，“最具挑戰性的一個。”A.credit信用；B.change改變；C.choice選擇；D.dream夢想。根據上文“ShethenaskedmewhicheventIwantedtotakepartin.”可知，指關于參加哪個項目的選擇，作者選了最具挑戰性的一個。故選C。【7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周后，準備材料由老師分發。A.distributed分發；B.destroyed破壞；C.reserved預定；D.stored儲存。根據上文“thepreparationmaterialswere”指分發準備材料。故選A。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：比賽結束后，當我看到老師臉上的滿足感時，我知道我做得很好。A.satisfaction滿足；B.disappointment失望；C.curiosity好奇心；D.anxiety焦慮。根據后文“IknewIhaddoneagoodjob.”可知，作者做的很高，老師很滿意。故選A。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我的同學開始祝賀我時，我感到無比自豪。A.comforting安慰；B.congratulating祝賀；C.encouraging鼓勵；D.accompanying陪伴。根據上文“Aftertheresultswereannounced,IfoundoutthatIhadwonthefirstprize.(結果公布后，我發現我得了一等獎)”可知，作者得了一等獎，同學祝賀作者。故選B。【10題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：它告訴我，通過接受新的挑戰，我可以取得比我想象的更多的成就。A.meetingwith遇見；B.callingfor要求；C.takingon接受，承擔；D.preparingfor為……做準備。根據后文“newchallenges,IcouldachievemorethanIeverimagined”指接受新挑戰可以取得更多成就。故選C。第二節（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。Everyculturehasuniquesocialcustoms,oftenleadingtosurprises.Lastyear,inSouthKorea,I___11___(give)awrappedgiftandlearnedit’spolitetoopengiftsprivately.Incontrast,inBrazil,hostsopenbirthdaygiftsimmediately.Theseshowhowculturalcustomsvaryinlarge___12___(quantity).Overtheyears,I___13___(learn)thatunderstandingthesedifferencescanhelpavoidmisunderstandingsfromdiversebackgrounds.【答案】11.wasgiven12.quantities13.havelearned##havelearnt【解析】【導語】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章主要說明了作者對于不同國家生日習俗看法。【11題詳解】考查時態語態。句意：去年，在韓國，我收到了一份包裝好的禮物，我明白了私下打開禮物是禮貌的。主語I與謂語構成被動關系，根據上文Lastyear可知為一般過去時的被動語態，謂語用單數。故填wasgiven。【12題詳解】考查名詞的數。句意：這些顯示了文化習俗在很大程度上的差異。短語inlargequantities表示“在很大程度上”。故填quantities。【13題詳解】考查時態。句意：多年來，我明白了理解這些差異可以幫助避免來自不同背景的誤解。根據上文Overtheyears可知為現在完成時，主語為I，助動詞用have。故填havelearned/learnt。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。Wetlands,knownasthe“kidneysoftheearth,”arecrucialecosystemsbetweenlandandwater.When___14___(view)fromadistance,wetlandslookverypeacefulandbeautiful.Actingasnature’spurifiers,theycancleanwater,preventfloodsandofferhabitats,soexpertsemphasize___15___needstobedonetoprotectwetlandsandensuretheir___16___(survive).Inrecentyears,manynationshavemade___17___(big)effortsthaneverbeforetopreserveandrestoretheseinvaluablenaturalareas.【答案】14.viewed15.what16.survival17.bigger【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了濕地的重要作用以及許多國家都在保護濕地。【14題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：從遠處看，濕地非常寧靜美麗。此處view與wetlands構成被動關系，故用過去分詞和when構成時間狀語。故填viewed。【15題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：作為大自然的凈化器，它們可以清潔水，防止洪水，并提供棲息地，因此專家們強調需要做些什么來保護濕地，確保它們的生存。引導賓語從句，從句缺少主語，指物，故用what。故填what。【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：作為大自然的凈化器，它們可以清潔水，防止洪水，并提供棲息地，因此專家們強調需要做些什么來保護濕地，確保它們的生存。作動詞的賓語，用名詞survival，抽象概念，不可數。故填survival。【17題詳解】考查比較級。句意：近年來，許多國家比以往任何時候都做出了更大的努力來保護和恢復這些寶貴的自然地區。根據后文thaneverbefore可知用形容詞比較級修飾名詞efforts。故填bigger。C閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容或括號內所給詞的恰當形式填空。Emma,akind-heartedvolunteer,hasvisitedover50orphanagesgloballytobringjoytoneedykids.Heraimistoinspireothers___18___(share)withthelessfortunateselflessly.Lately,shewenttoacharitableinstitutionforkidsinKenyan,___19___thechildrenwelcomedherwithpleasantsmilesandsongs.Emmathrewherselfintovariousactivities___20___hesitation,immediatelymakingtheatmosphereevenmorelively.Emmahastouchedcountlesschildren,showingthemboundlesslove.【答案】18.toshare19.where20.without【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了志愿者艾瑪幫助孤兒院的兒童的事跡。【18題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：她的目的是激勵他人無私地與不幸的人分享。短語inspiresb.todosth.表示“激勵某人做某事”。故填toshare。【19題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：最近，她去了肯尼亞的一個兒童慈善機構，那里的孩子們用愉快的微笑和歌聲歡迎她。非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞acharitableinstitution，指物，關系詞替代先行詞在從句作地點狀語，故用關系副詞where。故填where。【20題詳解】考查介詞。句意：艾瑪毫不猶豫地投入到各種活動中，頓時使氣氛更加活躍。短語withouthesitation表示“毫不猶豫”。故填without。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，38分）第一節（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AAreyoupassionateaboutcommunitydevelopmentandeagertomakeapositiveimpact?Joinourvolunteerprogramandcontributetomeaningfulprojectsthatbenefitlocalcommunities.Whetheryou’reinterestedineducation,environmentalconservation,orpublichealth,wehavearoleforyou!PositionsAvailable:·EducationSupportVolunteer:Assistinteachingfoundationalreadingandmathtochildreninunderservedareas.Nopriorteachingexperienceisrequired—justenthusiasmandawillingnesstolearn.You’llworkcloselywithlocalteacherstocreateinterestinglessonsandsupportstudents’learningjourneys.·EnvironmentalConservationVolunteer:Helpwithtreeplantingclean-updrivesandawarenesscampaignstoprotectnaturalresources.Thisroleisperfectforthosewhocareaboutsustainabilityandwanttomakeagreatdifferenceintheircommunity.·HealthOutreachVolunteer:Supporthealthclinicsbyorganizingworkshops,distributingsuppliesandpromotingwellnessprograms.You’llplayakeyroleinimprovingaccesstohealthcareforvulnerable(脆弱的)populations.BenefitsofVolunteering:·Gainhands-onexperienceincommunitydevelopment.·Developteamwork,communicationandleadershipskills.·Receiveacertificateofparticipationandaletterofrecommendation.·Makelastingconnectionswithlike-mindedindividuals.Requirements:·Mustbe18yearsorolder.·Committoatleast10hoursperweekforaminimumof3months.·Attendaone-dayintroductionlessonbeforestarting.HowtoApply:Visitourwebsiteandfillouttheonlineapplicationform.ApplicationscloseonMay31,2025.Joinustodayandbepartofamovementthattransformslivesandcommunities!21.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofaneducationsupportvolunteer?A.Helpingwithstudents’housework. B.Creatingsomechallenginglessons.C.Organizingsomehealthworkshops. D.Improvingchildren’sreadingandmathskills.22.Whatisonebenefitmentionedforvolunteers?A.Receivingapaidsalary. B.Developingpracticalskills.C.Gettingafreeuniversitydegree. D.Travelingwithlike-mindedindividuals.23.IfLiHuawantstoapplyforthejob,whatrequirementwillheneedtomeet?A.Heshouldbeatleast21yearsold.B.Heshouldcommitto20hoursperweek.C.Heshouldfinishaone-daytrainingsession.D.Heshouldhavepreviousteachingexperience.【答案】21.D22.B23.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。主要介紹了項目面向對社區發展有熱情者，提供教育支持、環保、健康外展等志愿崗位，說明福利、要求及申請方式。【21題詳解】細節理解題。根據EducationSupportVolunteer部分“Assistinteachingfoundationalreadingandmathtochildreninunderservedareas.(協助為服務不足地區的兒童教授基礎閱讀和數學)”可知，教育支持志愿者的主要職責是提高孩子們的閱讀和數學技能。故選D項。【22題詳解】細節理解題。根據BenefitsofVolunteering部分“Gainhands-onexperienceincommunitydevelopment.(獲得社區發展的實踐經驗)”、“Developteamwork,communicationandleadershipskills.(培養團隊合作、溝通和領導能力)”可知，志愿者的好處包括培養實踐技能。故選B項。【23題詳解】細節理解題。根據Requirements部分“Attendaone-dayintroductionlessonbeforestarting.(開始前參加為期一天的入門課程)”可知，如果李華想申請這份工作，他需要完成為期一天的培訓課程。故選C項。BWhenSarahwas12yearsold,shewasdiagnosedwitharareconditionthataffectedherabilitytowalk.Doctorstoldhershemightneverrunagain.ButSarahrefusedtoacceptthis.Shehadalwayslovedrunning,andthethoughtoflosingitwasunbearable.Withdeterminationandthesupportofherfamily,shebeganalonganddifficultjourneytoregainherstrength.Formonths,Sarahunderwentphysicaltherapy,spendinghourseachdayrelearninghowtomoveherlegs.Progresswasslow,andthereweredayswhenshefeltlikegivingup.Buthermotheralwaysremindedher,“Everystepforward,nomatterhowsmall,isavictory.”ThesewordsbecameSarah’smotto,pushinghertokeepgoing.Shestartedbytakingafewstepswithawalker,thenprogressedtowalkingshortdistancesonherown.Eachmilestone,nomatterhowsmall,filledherwithhope.Bythetimesheturned15,Sarahhadmadesignificantprogress.Shecouldwalkshortdistanceswithoutassistance,butrunningstillseemedlikeadistantdream.That’swhenshemetCoachMiller,aformermarathonrunnerwhobelievedinherpotential.HedesignedaspecialtrainingprogramforSarah,focusingonbuildingherenduranceandconfidence.“Youhavetheheartofarunner,”hetoldher.“Nowwejustneedtotrainyourbodytokeepup.”ThefirsttimeSarahtriedtorun,sheonlymanagedafewstepsbeforecollapsingintears.ButCoachMillerwasthere,encouraginghertotryagain.“Failureisjustasteponthepathtosuccess,”hesaid.Overthenextyear,Sarahtrainedtirelessly,graduallyincreasingherdistanceandspeed.Shefacedsetbacks,includingmusclepainandmomentsofself-doubt,butshenevergaveup.At17,Sarahenteredherfirstrace—alocal5K.Shedidn’twin,butshecrossedthefinishlinewithasmileonherface.ForSarah,itwasn’taboutwinning;itwasaboutprovingtoherselfthatshecoulddoit.Today,Sarahisacompetitiverunnerandaninspirationtoothersfacingchallenges.Herstoryremindsusthatwithpersistenceandsupport,eventhetoughestobstaclescanbeovercome.24.WhatwasSarah’sinitialreactiontoherdisease?A.Sheaccepteditimmediately.B.Shefeltrelievedtostoprunning.C.Shedecidedtofocusonotherhobbies.D.Shedidn’tbelieveshecouldn’trunagain.25.WhichwordwouldbestdescribeSarah’smother’swords?A.Imaginative. B.Encouraging. C.Constructive. D.Entertaining.26.WhydidCoachMiller’strainingprogramfocusonenduranceandconfidence?A.BecauseSarahneededtoovercomephysicalandmentalbarriers.B.BecauseSarahhadlittlepotentialinrunninglongdistances.C.BecauseSarahwantedtowinracesquickly.D.BecauseSarahsufferedfrommusclepain.27.WhatdidSarah’sparticipationinthe5Kraceshow?A.Herneedtoimpressothers.BHerdeterminationtowinatallcosts.C.Herdesiretoproveherabilitytoherself.D.Heracceptanceofherphysicallimitations.【答案】24.D25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了12歲被診斷患影響行走疾病、被告知可能無法再跑步的莎拉，在家人支持和教練幫助下，歷經艱難訓練，17歲參加5K比賽證明了自己，如今成為激勵他人的跑步者。【24題詳解】細節理解題。根據第一段“Doctorstoldhershemightneverrunagain.ButSarahrefusedtoacceptthis.Shehadalwayslovedrunning,andthethoughtoflosingitwasunbearable.(醫生告訴她，她可能再也不能跑了。但莎拉拒絕接受這一點。她一直很喜歡跑步，一想到要失去它，她就難以忍受)”可知，莎拉最初對自己疾病的反應是她不相信自己不能再跑步了。故選D項。【25題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Buthermotheralwaysremindedher,“Everystepforward,nomatterhowsmall,isavictory.”ThesewordsbecameSarah’smotto,pushinghertokeepgoing.(但她母親總是提醒她，“每一步前進，無論多么小，都是一場勝利。”這些話成為了莎拉的座右銘，激勵她繼續前進)”可知，莎拉母親的話激勵莎拉繼續前進。由此推知，莎拉母親的話是令人鼓舞的。故選B項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Shecouldwalkshortdistanceswithoutassistance,butrunningstillseemedlikeadistantdream.That’swhenshemetCoachMiller,aformermarathonrunnerwhobelievedinherpotential.HedesignedaspecialtrainingprogramforSarah,focusingonbuildingherenduranceandconfidence.“Youhavetheheartofarunner,”hetoldher.“Nowwejustneedtotrainyourbodytokeepup.”(她可以在沒有幫助的情況下走很短的距離，但跑步似乎仍然是一個遙遠的夢想。就在那時，她遇到了米勒教練，這位前馬拉松運動員相信她的潛力。他為莎拉設計了一個特殊的訓練計劃，重點是培養她的耐力和信心。“你有一顆跑步者的心，”他告訴她。“現在我們只需要訓練你的身體來跟上。”)”和第四段“ButCoachMillerwasthere,encouraginghertotryagain.“Failureisjustasteponthepathtosuccess,”hesaid.Overthenextyear,Sarahtrainedtirelessly,graduallyincreasingherdistanceandspeed.Shefacedsetbacks,includingmusclepainandmomentsofself-doubt,butshenevergaveup.(但米勒教練在那里，鼓勵她再試一次。他說：“失敗只是通往成功之路的一步。”。在接下來的一年里，莎拉不知疲倦地訓練，逐漸增加了她的距離和速度。她面臨著挫折，包括肌肉疼痛和自我懷疑的時刻，但她從未放棄)”可知，莎拉因為疾病身體上有局限性，在跑步訓練中也面臨著肌肉疼痛和自我懷疑等心理問題。由此推知，教練米勒的訓練計劃側重于耐力和信心是因為莎拉需要克服身體和心理上的障礙。故選A項。【27題詳解】細節理解題。根據最后一段“At17,Sarahenteredherfirstrace—alocal5K.Shedidn’twin,butshecrossedthefinishlinewithasmileonherface.ForSarah,itwasn’taboutwinning;itwasaboutprovingtoherselfthatshecoulddoit.(17歲時，莎拉參加了她的第一場比賽——當地的5公里比賽。她沒有贏，但她面帶微笑地沖過了終點線。對莎拉來說，這不是贏；這是為了向自己證明她能做到)”可知，莎拉參加5K比賽是為了向自己證明她能做到，展示了她向自己證明能力的愿望。故選C項。COnethingaboutAIthatworriesmorepeoplethananyotheristhatitmighttaketheirlivelihoodaway.Butexpertsaredividedastowhetherthetechnologywillbringusalifeofleisureoralifeofpressure.Asever,thetruthprobablyliessomewhereinthemiddle.AIwon’ttakeourjobs,butitwillchangethem.SomeBritisheconomistsassumedthatrobotswouldtakeourjobsandourworkingweekwoulddecreaseto15hoursby2030.In2013,MichaelOsborneattheUniversityofOxfordlookedat702typesofworkandrankedthemaccordingtohoweasyitwouldbetoautomatethem.HefoundthataboutunderhalfofalljobsintheUScouldworkablybedonebymachineswithintwodecades.Thelistincludesjobssuchastelemarketersandlibrarytechnicians.Notfarbehindwerelessobviouslysusceptiblejobs,includingmodelsandcooks,threatenedrespectivelybydigitalavatarsandrobochefs.Theleastvulnerableincludedmentalhealthworkersandteachersofyoungchildren.Ingeneral,jobsthatperformedbetterrequiredstrongsocialinteractionandcreativeability.However,othersfindthatlistoverblown.ApaperfortheOECDclubin2016suggestedthatAIwouldnotbeabletodoallthetasksassociatedwithallthesejobs,particularlythoserequiringhumaninteraction,andonlyabout9percentofjobsarefullyautomatable.Moreover,pastexperienceshowsthatjobstendtoevolve(演變，進化)aroundautomation.“Successfulinnovationsarethosethatcomplementratherthanoccupyus,”saysBenShneiderman,fromtheUniversityofMaryland.“Technologiesaremosteffectivewhentheirdesignsamplifyhumanabilities.Theycouldhelpussolveproblems,communicatewidelyorcreateart,”saysShneiderman.“Robotscouldbealiberatingforcebytakingawayroutinework,”saysTomWatson,whosestudyonAI’sdevelopmentinemploymentconcludesthatAIcouldcreateasmanyjobsasitdestroys.Heis,however,concernedtheincreasingofautomationhasledtotheriseininequalityandimbalanceinpower.“We’vegottobecarefulthatbigcorporationsandemployersdon’taccumulateallthebenefitswhileordinaryworkersarelefttolumpthenegatives,”hesays.Howcanweadapt?Theanswermightsimplybetoupdateoursocialframeworkstoreflectthenewrealityofwork.AnotherproposalisanAItaxoncompaniesthataresavingmoneybyreplacingworkerswithalgorithms.Ultimatelywe,notAI,areinchargeofourowndestiny.“Therewillbeunfairnessanddisruptions,”saysWatson.“Butthequestionis:isfuturehuman-centered?Isayitis.”28.Whatdoestheword“susceptible”underlinedinParagraph2probablymean?A.Workable. B.Predictable. C.Replaceable. D.Reliable29.WhatcanwelearnfromBenShneiderman’swords?A.Technologiescanalwayspromotejobs.B.Successfulautomationhelpsevolveourjobs.C.Fullyautomatablejobsrequirehumaninteraction.D.Effectiveinnovationsarethosethatcanoccupyus.30.WhatcanwelearnfromAI’sdevelopmentinemployment?A.Itcanhelpfreelaboursfromroutinework.B.Itmakesbigcorporationsbearmostnegatives.C.Itwillfinallyleadtoincredibleinequalityinjobs.D.Itdestroysoccupationsfasterthanitprovidesthem.31.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthelastparagraph?A.Tooffersolutionstomentionedproblems. B.Tonotethefutureofrelativeresearches.C.Toreveallimitsofexistingperspectives. D.Tosumupargumentsfrombothsides【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人工智能對于人類未來工作的影響以及人們對此的看法。【28題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據第二段“HefoundthataboutunderhalfofalljobsintheUScouldworkablybedonebymachineswithintwodecades.Thelistincludesjobssuchastelemarketersandlibrarytechnicians.(他發現，在美國，不到一半的工作可以在20年內由機器完成。這份名單包括電話推銷員和圖書館技術員等工作)”和下文“Theleastvulnerableincludedmentalhealthworkersandteachersofyoungchildren.

(最不易受影響的群體包括心理健康工作者和幼兒教師)”可知，上文提到的是容易被取代的職業，下文介紹的不易受影響的職業，由此推知，劃線部分所在句子介紹不太容易受影響的職業。結合劃線部分下文“includingmodelsandcooks(包括模特和廚師)”可知，模特和廚師不是太容易被取代的職業。故劃線詞意思是“被取代的”。故選C。【29題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段““Successfulinnovationsarethosethatcomplementratherthanoccupyus,”saysBenShneiderman,fromtheUniversityofMaryland.“Technologiesaremosteffectivewhentheirdesignsamplifyhumanabilities.Theycouldhelpussolveproblems,communicatewidelyorcreateart,”saysShneiderman.(馬里蘭大學的本·施奈德曼說：“成功的創新是那些補充而不是占據我們的創新。當技術的設計能夠放大人類的能力時，它們是最有效的。它們可以幫助我們解決問題，廣泛交流或創造藝術，”施奈德曼說)”可知，成功的自動化有助于發展我們的工作。故選B。【30題詳解】細節理解題。根據倒數第二段“Robotscouldbealiberatingforcebytakingawayroutinework(機器人可以取代日常工作，從而成為一股解放力量)”可知，人工智能可以幫助人們從日常工作中解脫出來。故選A。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Howcanweadapt?Theanswermightsimplybetoupdateoursocialframeworkstoreflectthenewrealityofwork.AnotherproposalisanAItaxoncompaniesthataresavingmoneybyreplacingworkerswithalgorithms.Ultimatelywe,notAI,areinchargeofourowndestiny.“Therewillbeunfairnessanddisruptions,”saysWatson.“Butthequestionis:isfuturehuman-centered?Isayitis.”(我們該如何適應？答案可能只是更新我們的社會框架，以反映新的工作現實。另一項提議是對那些通過用算法取代人工來節省資金的公司征收人工智能稅。最終，我們，而不是人工智能，掌握著我們自己的命運。“會有不公平和混亂，”沃森說。“但問題是：未來以人為中心嗎？我說是的。”)”可知，作者寫最后一段的目的是為上述問題提供解決方案。故選A。DFormillennia,wehaveexpecteddogstoguardourpropertyandprotectourfamilyatnight.Nowtheyarealsoaskedtobefriendlyaroundstrangers,restquietlythroughthenightandkeeptheirfeetoffsofas.“It’sanevolutionarymismatch”,saysHare,ananthropologistatDukeUn?versity.Thegoodnewsisthatthisproblemissolvable.Recentstudiesindicatethatselectivebreeding(繁殖)andcarefultrainingcanhelpdogsadapttoindoorlife.A“puppykindergarten”researchwassetupbyHare’steamtoillustratetheheritabilityofbehaviouraltraitsindogsbyobservingwhatservicedogs’behaviourlookslikebeforeintensivetrainingbegins.Servicedogswereselectedasthesubjectfortheycanalwaysnaturallyadaptwelltothemismatchcomparedtootherkinds.Theycanpullwheelchairs,operatelightswitchesandinteractgentlywithchildren.Bycollectingdatafrom1,500dogownersonthebehaviouroftheirpets,whichbelongedto36breeds,Hare’steamdiscoveredthatgenetics(遺傳特征)explained45percentofthevariationindogs’self-control.16percentofthevariationinreasoningaboutthephysicalworldandamere0.01percentofthevariationinshort-termmemory,whichmanifeststhatsomedesirablebehavioursareheritabletocertaindegree,andselectivebreedingfortemperamentisworthwhile.“Geneticsisimportant,butitsrelativeimportanceisdifferentfordifferentbehaviouraltraits,”saysGitanjalifromEmoryUniversity.Besides,Hare’sworkalsoillustratesselectivebreedingcan’tguaranteesomehighlydesirabletraits,suchasagoodmemory.Sotheyhavedevisedtechniquesthatownerscanusetohelptraintheirpetsandbuildbetterrelationshipswiththem.Onehabitthatisespeciallyimportantintrainingismakingeyecontact.“Thedog’sgazemaybeacausalfactorininducinggoodfeelingsintheowner”,saysKikusuiatAzabuUniversityinJapan,“andthelongeradoggazesatitsowner,thestrongerthosegoodfeelingsbecome.”Harealsofoundthatpupscouldsolvesome“impossibletasks”byappealingtohumanforhelp,andtheappealwasmadethrougheyecontact.Sohesuggestedpuppyownersfinish“impossibletasks”withtheirpetseverytwoweekstostrengthentheemotionalconnectionwiththem.“Doingsocanhelpyoulearnwhereyourdog’scognitivestrengthslie”,hesays.Andasthepuppykindergartenprojecthasmadeclear,dogtrainingaswellasselectivebreedingiscrucialtofosterthosebehaviourswewouldlikeourpetstoexhibitinourhomes.32.WhatcanwelearnfromHare’sresearch?A.Servicedogswereobservedwhileacceptingtraining.B.Geneticsmayexplaindifferencesindogs’self-controlC.Servicedogswerechosenfortheyweretrainedearlier.D.Selectivebreedingdevelopsdogs’mostdesirabletraits.33.What’stheauthor’saimofquotingGitanjali’swords?A.TorevealthatHare’sresearchissuspicious.B.Toprovethenecessityofselectivebreeding.C.Toconfirmthevalueonreformingdogs’genes.D.Tosuggestthatotherfactorsalsoneeddiscussing.34.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ServiceDogs:AcquiringDesirableTraitsthroughBreedingB.SmartDogs:AdaptingWelltoIndoorLifethroughTrainingC.ModernDogs:TrainingDesirableDogsthroughEyeContactD.GoodDogs:EvolvingthroughSelectiveBreedingandTraining【答案】32.B33.D34.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發現進化上的不匹配導致了狗能力的差異，指出導致這種差異的原因以及建議。【32題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段“Bycollectingdatafrom1,500dogownersonthebehaviouroftheirpets,whichbelongedto36breeds,Hare’steamdiscoveredthatgenetics(遺傳特征)explained45percentofthevariationindogs’self-control,16percentofthevariationinreasoningaboutthephysicalworldandamere0.01percentofthevariationinshort-termmemory,whichmanifeststhatsomedesirablebehavioursareheritabletocertaindegree,andselectivebreedingfortemperamentisworthwhile.(通過收集1500名狗主人的36個品種的寵物行為數據，Hare的研究小組發現，基因可以解釋45%的狗的自控能力差異，16%的物理世界推理變異和0.01%的短期記憶變異，這表明一些令人滿意的行為在一定程度上是可遺傳的，對氣質的選擇性培育是值得的)”可知，基因可以解釋狗在自控能力上的差異。故選B。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據倒數第二段““Geneticsisimportant,butitsrelativeimportanceisdifferentfordifferentbehaviouraltraits,”saysGitanjalifromEmoryUniversity.(來自埃默里大學的Gitanjali說：“基因很重要，但它的相對重要性對于不同的行為特征是不同的。”)”可推知，作者引用Gitanjali的話的目的是暗示其他因素也需要討論。故選D。【34題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Thegoodnewsisthatthisproblemissolvable.Recentstudiesindicatethatselectivebreeding(繁殖)andcarefultrainingcanhelpdogsadapttoindoorlife.(最近的研究表明，選擇性繁育和精心訓練可以幫助狗適應室內生活)”可知，文章主要說明了研究發現進化上的不匹配導致了狗能力的差異，指出導致這種差異的原因以及建議。由此可知，D選項“好狗：通過選擇性繁殖和訓練進化”最符合文章標題。故選D。第二節（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據短文內容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Daydreaming,oftendismissedasawasteoftime,isincreasinglyrecognizedasavitalcognitiveprocess.Farfrombeingasignoflaziness,daydreamingallowsthebraintoexploreideas,solveproblemsandfostercreativity.Recentstudiesinneurosciencehaverevealedthecomplexmechanismsbehindthismentalactivity.Whenwedaydream,thebrainentersastateknownasthe“defaultmodenetwork”(DMN).___35___Thisnetworkbecomesactivewhenwearenotfocusedontheoutsideworld,enablingthebraintoprocessinformation,consolidatememoriesandgeneratenewideas.Forexample,manybreakthroughsinscienceandarthaveemergedfrommomentsofspontaneousdaydreaming.Contrarytopopularbelief,daydreamingisnotapassiveactivity.Itrequiressignificantmentalenergyandinvolvescomplexneuralactivity.Researchshowsthatduringdaydreaming,thebrainengagesinhigh-levelcognitiveprocesses,suchasplanning,self-reflectionandemotionalregulation.___36___Moreover,daydreamingcanenhanceproblem-solvingabilities.Byexploringinthedaydream,manypeoplecanfindwaystotackletheproblems.___37___Byallowingthemindtowander,wecanapproachchallengesfromnewperspectivesanduncoverinnovativesolutions.Studieshavefoundthatindividualswhodaydreamregularlytendtoperformbetterontasksrequiringcreativethinking.___38___Negativedaydreamingpatternscaninterferewithmentalhealthanddailyfunctioning.Excessiveornegativedaydreaming,oftenlinkedtomeditation,can