EnglishBasicTenses(時態(tài))1/55他天天都來。他昨天來了.他已經來了.他明天來.

漢語借助詞匯伎倆而非詞形態(tài)改變來表示動作發(fā)生,而英語主要經過謂語動詞時態(tài)改變來表現(xiàn).任何句子都要先注意時態(tài).Hecameyesterday.Hehascome.Hewillcometomorrow.Hecomeseveryday.2/55

語態(tài)時態(tài)主動普通現(xiàn)在時普經過去時普通未來時.過去未來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時v./v-s/esV-edwill+vwould+v.had+donehave/has+donehave/hasbeen+V-ingam/is/are+V-ingwas/were+V-ing3/55

語態(tài)時態(tài)主動未來進行時willbedoing未來完成時willhavedone4/55導入之一：Howisyourdailylifeasahighschoolstudent?(using3sentencesormore,使用實意動詞和系動詞,注意動詞形式改變)5/55

2.使用方法:

1)經常性或習慣性動作，常與表示頻率時間狀語連用，如often,usually,always,everyday/year,sometimes,onSunday等。2)表示不受時間限制科學事實或客觀真理。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.IstudyhardeverydayandIgetalongwellwithmyclassmates,butsometimesImissmyfamilies.一、普通現(xiàn)在時(TheSimplePresenttense)1.結構:do/does

6/553）汽車、飛機、會議等按時刻表將要發(fā)生事。

Thetrain

leaves

atthreethisafternoon.Themeetingstartsat2:00p.m.4）在時間、條件、方式、讓步狀語從句中，用普通現(xiàn)在時代替普通未來時,即主將從現(xiàn)。

Ifit___(be)finetomorrow,we_______(go)tothecountryside.Ifhe______(come)thisafternoon，we__________(have)ameeting.

iswillgocomeswillhave7/55Example:

I_______(spend)mychildhoodhappilywithmyoldfriends.Wealways________(play)footballandbasketballtogetherandwe_______(not)havesomuchhomeworktodoasnow.We_______(be)happyatthattime.spentplayeddidn’twere導入之二：Howdidyouspendyourchildhood?8/55二、普通過去時(TheSimplePastTense)1.結構:謂動用動詞過去式(V-ed)2.使用方法:在過去時間里所發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài)。常與表示過去時間時間狀語連用。如yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,in1982等。9/55examples:HewasinBeijingsomeyearsago.ShetraveledinEuropelastyear.WhenIwasatcollage,Iwrotehomeonceaweek.Hewettotown,boughtsomebooksandvisitedhisdaughterlastSunday.Hesaidhewouldgoforaholidaywhenhe

finishedhiswork.10/55如同picture導入之三：Howwillyouspendyourwinterholiday?Iwill…I’mgoingto…11/55三.普通未來時.表示未來時四種形式①will/shall+動詞原形②begoingtodo③beabouttodo④betodo12/55begoingto

有很強計劃性，打算干什么，而will表示談話時暫時決定意圖，含有暫時性和偶然性。①----Thetelephoneisringing.----I_____answerit.willB.amgoingtoC.amtoD.amaboutto

②---Alice,whydidn’tyoucomeyesterday?---I_____,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.A.hadB.wouldC.wasgoingtoD.didbegoingto可用來表示某種跡象要發(fā)生事。而will不能表示

Lookattheclouds!It__________rain.isgoingto√√13/553.beto

表示因約定、計劃，職責、義務要求即將發(fā)生動作,或客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。

begoingto

表示主觀打算或計劃。Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.14/554．beabouttodo表示“正要干什么…”，1)表示即將發(fā)生動作，不與表示未來時間狀語連用。2)常與when連用，when此時意思：就在這時，是并列連詞.組成句型：…beabouttodo…when….

Eg:Iwasabouttoleavewhenitrained.15/55四.過去未來時(ThepastfuturesimpleTense)1.使用方法:過去未來時表示立足于過去某一時間看將要發(fā)生動作或存在狀態(tài),慣用于賓語從句中.2.結構:should/would+動詞原形Theboypromisedhewouldworkhard.ItoldmyparentsIshouldreturnearly.16/55導入之五：Whataretheydoingnow?

Theyareplayingbasketball.17/55五.現(xiàn)在進行時

1．表示說話時正在進行而還未完成動作或狀態(tài)①Idon’treallyworkhere.I’mhelpinguntilthenewsecretarycomes.②Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoeasytaskbecausetechnology___sorapidly.A.willhavechangedB.haschangedC.ischangingD.willchangebe(am,are,is)+doing√18/552.與always，constantly(不停地；時常地)等連用，表示贊成或厭惡感情色彩。如：他總是幫助他人。

Heisalwayshelpingothers.19/55六.過去進行時(ThePastContinuousTense)1.結構：was/were+doing2.使用方法:表示過去某時或某段時間正在進行動作或狀態(tài)。慣用時間狀語

attenyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when…,while…,atthattime…IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago.She____ataradioshopatthetime.hasworkedB.wasworkingC.hadbeenworkingD.hadworked√20/553.與always，forever，constantly連用，表示贊成或厭惡感情色彩。如：他總是考慮他人，從未考慮自己。Hewasalwaysthinkingofothers，never

thinkingofhimself.Mybrotherwasalwayslosinghiskey.21/55七.現(xiàn)在完成時(ThepresentPerfectTense)

1.結構:have(has)+done2.使用方法:1).現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在動作或狀態(tài),通慣用于延續(xù)性動詞.常與表示延續(xù)性時間狀語連用,如:sofar,uptonow,recently,since,for,overtime等．IhavelivedinZhuhaifor3years.22/55Hehaslivedhere

sincelastsummer.時間線現(xiàn)在過去lived延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在:haslivedlastsummersince…23/551.----WhendidhegotoAmerica?---Oh,he______theresincehalfayearago.A.wentB.hasbeenC.hasgoneD.was2.Shelly_____CaliforniaforTexasand____thereeversince.YoucangoandpayheravisitonyourwaytoMexico.A.left,workedB.hasleft,hadworkedC.left,hasworkedD.hasleft,worked√√24/55比較普通過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時

1).普通過去時只表示發(fā)生在過去動作或存在狀態(tài),不包括對現(xiàn)在影響；現(xiàn)在完成時表示發(fā)生在過去動作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,或強調過去事情對現(xiàn)在造成影響。

Myfamily

livedinZhuhai10yearsago.

（現(xiàn)在不在珠海了)

Myfamily

havelivedinZhuhai

for10years.(當前還在珠海)

25/552).過去時常與詳細表示過去時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與不確定或包含現(xiàn)在在內時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語.I______(study)inZhongshanuniversityin.I___________(study)inZhongshanuniversitysince.I_____just_______(buy)anapartment.(just表示不確定時間狀語）studiedhavestudiedhavebought26/55八.過去完成時

(ThepastperfectTense)結構:had+done

概念：表示過去過去

----|--------------|---------|---->過去過去過去現(xiàn)在未來

導入之八：Yougraduated(畢業(yè))fromJuniorMiddleSchoolinJuly.Youhadstayedtherefor3yearswhenyougraduated.27/55Bytheendoflasttermwehadlearnt20units.現(xiàn)在過去過去過去theendoflasttermhadlearnt時間線使用方法(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一動作之前完成動作或狀態(tài)。句中慣用by，before，until，when等詞引導時間狀語。如：28/552.表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)愿望或打算(“本想”;“原來打算”)。

IhadhopedtoseemoreofShangHai.Ihadmeanttohelpyou,butIwastoobusyatthemoment.Ihadthoughtyouwouldcometomorrow.29/551).Whenthepolicearrived,thethieves_________________(runaway).2).WhenIcameintotheclassroom,mydearstudents______________(begin)reading.

Hewalkedinasifhe__________(buy)theschool

.hadrunawayhadrunawayhadrunawayhadbegunhadbought

30/553.I_____totakeagoodholidaythisyear,butIwasn’tabletogetaway.

A.hopeB.havehoped C.hadhopedD.hoped

4.Helen_____herkeyintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusband_____home.A.hasleft;comes B.left;hadcomeC.hadleft;cameD.hadleft;wouldcome

cc31/55導入之九：

---Howlonghaveyoubeen

studyinginthisschool?

---Almostthreemonths.32/55九、現(xiàn)在完成進行時

主語+has/have+been+doing….表示過去某一時間發(fā)生一直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還會繼續(xù)下去動作（動作未完成），動詞必須用延續(xù)性動詞。Hehasbeenworkinghereforthreeyears.ThenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversitieshasbeenrisingsteadilysince1990.33/55

---Isn’tithardtodrivedowntowntowork?---Yes,that’whyI____toworkbytrain.A.havebeengoingB.havegoneC.wasgoingD.willhavegone

√34/55現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時區(qū)分

現(xiàn)在完成時:表到現(xiàn)在為止已經完成，或過去發(fā)生動作對現(xiàn)在影響或產生結果，也可表示延續(xù)性；

現(xiàn)在完成進行時:往往強調仍將繼續(xù)下去動作。Ihavewrittenaletter.

（已完成）Ihavebeenwritingaletter.（未完成）過去現(xiàn)在時間線havewrittenhavebeenwriting35/5510未來進行時（willbedoing）表未來某一時刻，某一段時間正在進行動作。Iwillbesleepingatthistimetomorrow.36/5511．未來完成時（willhavedone）表未來某一時間已經做完某事Wewillhavelearnt1000wordsbytheendofthisterm.37/55最慣用幾個時態(tài)與時間狀語搭配普通現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時often,always,usually,sometimes,onSunday,every…,atweekends,onceinawhile,threetimesaday…(right)now,atthismoment,atpresent,forthetimebeing,thisyear,always,…for,since,sofar,in/over/duringthepast/lastfewyears,lately,recently,just,uptonow,uptillnow,already,yet,ever,never,twice,threetimes,before,…allthetime,allthismorning,for,since,inthepastfewyears,…38/55最慣用幾個時態(tài)與時間狀語搭配普經過去時過去進行時過去完成時過去未來時yesterday,last…,thedaybeforeyesterday,…ago,in,inthepast,theotherday,justnow,onceuponatime,…

at10lastnight,then,thismorning,atthattime/moment,thistimeyesterday,lastyear,always,…by+過去時間，bythen,bytheendof+過去時間，bythetimeyoudidsth,…..39/55最慣用幾個時態(tài)與時間狀語搭配普通未來時未來進行時未來完成時tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,in,inafewyears,infuture,inthefuture,soon,next…,anotherday,…at10tomorrow,then,thistimetomorrow,nextyear,…by+未來時間,bythen,bytheendof+未來時間,bythetimeyoudosth,…40/55ExercisesIusually____upat6:00,butyesterdayI______upat7:00andtomorrowI_________upat6:30.(get)Listen!Someone____________(knock)atthedoor.I___________(be)inBeijingfortwoyears.Howoften_____Andy_______(surf)theinternet?Hefellasleepwhilehe___________(read)abook.groupcompetitiongetwillgetgotisknocking

havebeen

doessurfwasreading41/556.I________never_______(hear)ofthatmanbefore.7.Mybrotheroften_________(go)forwalkslastsummer.8.Lilysaidshe_______(put)onthenewdressthenextday.9.______thestory________(happen)inLondonin1949?10.What______hismother______(do)whenheopenedthedoor?haveheardwentwouldputDidhappenwasdoing42/5511.Ifit______________(notrain)tomorrow,they___________(go)fishing.12.______yourmother________thepianoeverySunday?13.They_______(not)callyouthedayaftertomorrow.14.Tom_____________(work)theresincetwoyearsago.15.BythetimeI_________(walk)intotheclassroom,theteacher___________(start)teaching.doesn’trainwillgoDoeshasworkedwon’twalkedhadstartedplay43/55JennyJenny_____(be)aforeigngirl.She_______(come)fromtheUnitedStates.Look,she_____________(draw)picturesinthelivingroom.Twoyearsago,herparents_________(move)toChina.Jenny____________(nothave)anyfriends,soshe_______(feel)lonely.Butnow,she_______(have)manyChinesefriendsand_______(study)withthemeveryday.Jenny___________(visit)hergrandparentsintheUnitedStatesnextmonth.iscomesisdrawingmoveddidn’thavefelthasstudieswillvisit44/55OnegoodturndeservesanotherI_____________(have)dinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tony_______(work)inalawyer'sofficeyearsago,buthe____________(work)atabanknow.He______(get)agoodsalary,buthealways_______(borrow)moneyfromhisfriendsandnever______(pay)itback.Tony_____(see)meand_____(come)and____(sit)atthesametable.He___never____________(borrow)moneyfromme.Whilehe______________(eat),I_____(ask)himtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,he_____(give)methemoneyimmediately.'Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,'Tonysaid,'sonowyoucanpayformydinner!'washavingworkedisworkingaskedsawcamehassatgavewaseatingborrowsgetspaysborrowed45/55動詞語態(tài)(voices)

動詞語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。

主語是動作發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作接收者為被動語態(tài)。動詞謂語部分結構：be

+

v.pp

46/55動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)一覽表(以do為例）時態(tài)主動被動普通現(xiàn)在時do/does現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/aredoing現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone普經過去時did過去進行時was/weredoing過去完成時haddone普通未來時willdo未來完成時willhavedoneam/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehadbeendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone47/55類別組成形式例句時態(tài)

普通現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+doneEnglishiswidelyusedintheworld.普經過去時was/were+doneWewereaskedtohelpthem.普通未來時will/shall+bedoneAclassmeetingwillbeheldnextMonday.過去未來時should/would+bedoneShesaidthoseflowersshouldbewatered.現(xiàn)在進行時is/am/are+beingdoneTheblackboardisbeingpaintednow.過去進行時was/were+beingdoneThoseflowerswerebeingwateredwhenIleft.現(xiàn)在完成時have/has+beendoneAlltheseflowershavebeenwatered.過去完成時had+beendoneThebuildinghadbeencompletedbeforeIarrived.

48/55 主動形式表被動意義

Thesteelfeelscold. Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.Theyogurtinthefridge______________(已經變質）.hasgonebad1.連系動詞look,sound,feel,smell,taste,appear,seem,go,prove,turn,stay,become,fall,get,grow,keep+adj.

組成系表結構,主動表被動。49/55 2.表示開始、結束、運動動詞。如:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,shut,run,move

等主動表被動。

Workbeganat7o’clockthismorning.

Theshopclosesat6p.m.everyday.3.need/want/requiredoing,beworthdoing,betoblame主動表被動。Theequipmentinthecorner________________