DiscoveringUsefulStructures:Pastparticipleasthepredicativeandtheadverbial過去分詞作表語和狀語B2U5MusicUsethecorrectformstofillintheblanksandtellthefunctionsofthem.ReviewPastparticiple1.Joealwayshasmilkand_____(fry)eggforbreakfast.2.Themanfoundhishometownentirely_________(destroy).

3.Thespeakerdidn’tknowhowtomakehimself___________(understand).4.Thepathiscoveredby________(fall)leaves.5.Themanagerwantedtheproblem_______(settle)assoonaspossible.6.Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespecially_________(design)tohelpthemsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.frieddestroyedunderstoodfallensettledThePastParticipleservesastheAttributeandObjectComplementdesignedLookatthefollowingsentencesandcirclethepastparticiples.1.BornintheUSAon2January1970,Whitacrebeganstudying

musicattheUniversityofNevadain1988.2.Shelookedworried.3.Thedoorremainedlocked.4.Movedbythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthe

firsttime.”5.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.6.Hitbythelackoffreshair,myheadached.Discuss:Whatarethefunctionsofthesepastparticiples狀語表語表語狀語狀語狀語1.be動詞

(表示主語狀態):is,am,are,was,were2.感官動詞:look,sound,taste,smell,feel3.變化系動詞:become,grow,get/turn,go/come4.持續系動詞:

remain,keep,stay5.表象系動詞(表示“看起來像”):

seem,appear,look6.終止系動詞(表示“被證明是”):

prove,turnout一、過去分詞作表語過去分詞作表語時常用在_______后面，與謂語動詞構成_____結構表示主語的性質、特征或______。系表狀態含義Shelookedworried.系動詞系動詞單句語法填空①—Areyousureyou'rereadyforthetest—Noproblem.I'mwell(prepare)forit.②Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget(promote),Henrydidhisbesttoperformhisduty.③Everyonepresentisvery(inspire)athisspeech．④Youlooked(frighten).⑤Hebecame(interest)intwotheories.preparedpromoted一、過去分詞作表語inspiredfrightenedinterested與被動語態的區別一、過去分詞作表語

Thewindowisbrokenbytheboy.

Thewindowisbroken.actionstate,≈adj.表語被動表示主語的狀態、性質、特征。強調主語所承受的動作。與被動語態的區別一、過去分詞作表語對比翻譯①這本書寫得很好。______________________②這本書是他去年寫的。_________________________________Thebookiswellwritten.Thebookwaswrittenbyhimlastyear.表語表示主語的狀態、性質、特征。被動語態強調主語所承受的動作。一、過去分詞作表語1.Shewasexcitedtohearthegoodnews.2.Ifeltsurprisedathisbehavior.3.Thepassengersshouldbeseatedastheplaneismakingalanding.過去分詞作表語表感覺的過去分詞表狀態的過去分詞Conclusion:

過去分詞作表語一般用來表示_____________。此時的過去分詞作表語相當于一個___________。感覺或狀態形容詞表狀態的過去分詞:dressed(打扮好的),lost(迷路的),drunk(喝醉的),seated(就坐的),absorbed(全神貫注的),devoted(忠誠的),...一、過去分詞作表語與現在分詞的區別

Heis___________withthe___________result.(disappoint)

Shewas________ather________weight.(shock)disappointeddisappointingshockedshocking感到……的令人……的一、過去分詞作表語感覺類及物動詞的現在分詞VS.過去分詞作表語現在分詞表示主動或進行，即“令人......的”，多用來修飾物；過去分詞表示被動或完成，即“人被引起某種感覺的”(“感到......的”)，多用來指人、人的聲音，笑容或表情等。與現在分詞的區別一、過去分詞作表語感覺類及物動詞的現在分詞VS.過去分詞作表語現在分詞表示主動或進行，即“令人......的”，多用來修飾物；過去分詞表示被動或完成，即“人被引起某種感覺的”(“感到......的”)，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。與現在分詞的區別單句語法填空①The__________lookonherfacesuggestedthatshewas_________bythe___________scene.(frighten)②Thenewswas________andtheywereall_______atit.(excite)frightenedfrightenedfrighteningexcitingexcited二、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞可表示被動、完成的動作，其邏輯主語是主句的主語，且與主句主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。Givenmoreattention,thetreecangrowbetter.如果多加注意，這棵樹會長得更好。Guided

bytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework.在這些方針的指導下，他們繼續進行這項工作。

過去分詞（短語）作狀語，可以表示時間、讓步、條件、原因、方式和結果，相當于一個狀語從句。Oncepublished,hisworkscausedasensation.

他的作品一經出版就引起了轟動。(1)作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句。可在過去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等，使其時間意義更明確。Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當被問到對教學工作的觀點時，菲利普說他覺得它既有趣又有意義。二、過去分詞作狀語Once(itwas)published,hisworkscausedasensation.

他的作品一經出版就引起了轟動。When(hewas)askedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.當被問到對教學工作的觀點時，菲利普說他覺得它既有趣又有意義。(2)作原因狀語相當于原因狀語從句

/

并列句。【譯】由于專心畫畫，約翰沒有注意到夜幕正在降臨。BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinpainting,hedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching./Johnwasabsorbedinpainting,sohedidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.=Absorbedinpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.二、過去分詞作狀語Doneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.②

Since/Asshewasgivenadvicebythefamousdetective偵探,theyoungladywasnolongerafraid.Givenadvicebythefamousdetective,theyoungladywas...①Becauseitwasdoneinahurry,hishomeworkwasfullofmistakes.(3)作條件狀語相當于條件狀語從句。可加連詞if,unless等轉換成條件狀語從句。

Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

如果用得仔細的話，一罐可以用六周。二、過去分詞作狀語Ifitisusedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

Givenmoretime,wewilldobetter.If

wearegiven

moretime,wewilldobetter.(4)作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句。有時可加although,though,evenif,eventhough,whether...or等連詞轉換成讓步狀語從句。【譯】盡管被對手擊敗，但是他從未放棄任何希望。Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.=Defeatedbyhisopponent,henevergaveupanyhope.二、過去分詞作狀語Evenifinvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.EvenifIaminvited,Iwillnottakepartintheparty.(5)作方式、伴隨狀語相當于and連接的并列句。【譯】她接受了禮物，被深深地感動了。Sheacceptedthegift,andshewasdeeplymoved.=Sheacceptedthegift,deeplymoved.二、過去分詞作狀語The

old

man

walkedinthepark,supportedbyhis

wife.The

old

man

walkedintheparkand

wassupportedby

his

wife.單句語法填空①Children,when____________(accompany)bytheirparents,areallowedtoenterthestadium.②_________(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.③__________(translate)intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.accompaniedFoundedTranslated二、過去分詞作狀語二、過去分詞作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞可表示被動、完成的動作，其邏輯主語是主句的主語，且與主句主語之間是邏輯上的動賓關系。但是有些過去分詞(短語)因來源于系表結構，作狀語時不強調被動而重在描述主語的狀態。這樣的過去分詞(短語)常見的有:lost

(迷路;陷入某種狀態);seated

(坐著的);hidden

(躲著的);lost/absorbedin

(沉溺于);dressedin

(穿著);tiredof

(厭煩了)。Lostinthought,hedidn'thearthebell.由于陷入沉思之中，他沒有聽到鈴聲。Dressedinanewdress,shelooksverybeautiful.穿著一件新衣服，她看上去很漂亮。與現在分詞的區別二、過去分詞作狀語Usingthebook,Ifinditveryuseful.

①現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系。I是using動作的發出者（主謂關系）Used

foralongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很長時間，這本書看上去很舊。②過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞所表示的動作與句子主語之間構成邏輯上的動賓關系。thebook與use是動賓關系與現在分詞的區別二、過去分詞作狀語WritteninFrench,thelettercannotbeunderstood.Builtin1910,themuseumisalmost100yearsold.(2)時間概念①過去分詞所表示的動作發生在謂語動作之前，或表示“一種狀態”。Istoodthere,waitingforher.Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.②現在分詞表示的動作與謂語動作同時發生或在說話時正在進行。單句語法填空①WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.②—WhereisJack—JustnowIsawhimsittingunderthetree,(absorb)inhisvideogames.tellingabsorbed與現在分詞的區別二、過去分詞作狀語MyFairLadyisamusical_______(base)onGeorgeBernardShaw’splayPygmalion.ThestoryisaboutEliza,aflowergirl_______(sell)flowersinthestreet.______(born)inapoorneighbourhood,shespokeimproperEnglish.OnedayshemetProfessorHigginswhosaidthatif_________(educate),shecouldpassherselfoffasanupper-classlady.Soshetookspeechlessonsfromhim.basedsellingBorneducated與現在分詞的區別二、過去分詞作狀語Gradually,Elizagotfamiliarwiththeproperwaytospeak,actanddress.ToseeifElizahadlearnedeverythingthatwastaught,Higginstookhertoaroyalball,_______(hope)shecouldconvinceeveryonethatsheherselfwasfromtheupperclass.Higginswas_________(delight)toseeEliza________(accept)asaperfectlady.hopingdelightedaccepted*無論是現在分詞還是過去分詞，其邏輯主語必須和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，則必須用狀語從句、獨立主格結構等其他表達形式。Ifcaught,thepolicewillpunishthethief.(×)Ifcaught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(√)Ifthethiefiscaught,thepolicewillpunishhim/her.(√)注意二、過去分詞作狀語？*獨立主格結構可以看作是把一個分句破壞了謂語獨立主格結構的構成二、過去分詞的的

獨立主格結構

作狀語

兩個分句放在一起只以逗號隔開，而不用連詞連接，這樣的句子是錯誤的（一個句子有且僅有一個謂語！）eg:Hishomeworkwasfinished,hewentouttoplay.(x)

這時，我們可以把一個分句的謂語破壞掉，把其謂語變成非謂語或不用動詞。上句可以變為:Hishomeworkfinished,hewentouttoplay.（這個分句被破壞后就成了獨立主格結構）獨立主格結構可以使句子更簡練，有利于表達復雜內容。名詞(代詞)+過去分詞(與前面構成被動關系)

過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，有時在分詞前加上自己的主語，這種帶有自身主語的過去分詞被稱為過去分詞的獨立主格結構。過去分詞的獨立主格結構在句中作狀語時，通常可表示時間、原因、條件等。獨立主格結構的構成二、過去分詞的的

獨立主格結構

作狀語①

名詞（代詞）+過去分詞（與前面構成被動關系）Thetestfinished,webeganourholiday.②

名詞（代詞）+現在分詞（與前面構成主動關系）Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.③

名詞（代詞）+不定式（表將來）Hesuggestedgoingforapicnic,Marytoprovidethefood.④

名詞（代詞）+副詞Thegameover,thecrowdrushedtotheexit.⑤

名詞（代詞）+形容詞Ahuntercamein,hisfaceredwithcold.⑥

名詞（代詞）+介詞短語Hecameoutofthelibrary,alargebookunderhisarm.⑦

名詞（代詞）+名詞Thevillagers,mostofthemwomenandchildren,were

killedthatnight.破壞謂語的方法:含有be的，把be去掉;不含be的，謂語和主語是主動關系的，把謂語變為現在分詞;是被動關系的，把謂語變為過去分詞;謂語表將來動作的，變為不定式。用獨立主格結構作狀語改寫句子①Afterthelecturewasgiven,alivelyquestion--and--answersessionfollowed.→_______________,alivelyquestion--and--answersessionfollowed.②Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,noneofwhichwereshippedtoforeigncountries.→Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars,_______________________________________．Thelecturegivennoneofthemshippedtoforeigncountries獨立主格結構的構成二、過去分詞的的

獨立主格結構

作狀語課堂檢測素養達標Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．_________(edit)bythreelanguageexperts，ithasbeenpopularwiththereaderseversinceitcameouttwoyearsago.2．Tonyisreallyamusingandalwaystellsjokeswhenhethinkswe'regetting________(bore).3．_________(fill)withpride，wearelookingforwardtothenextactivity.EditedboredFilled4．Hestoodtheresilently，____________(move)totears.5．__________(attract)bythebeautifulsight，Icouldn'twaittogooutsidewithmycamera.6．Though__________(defeat)manytimes，themandidn'tloseheart.7．_________(base)onwhatyouknowaboutme，pleasegivemesomepersonalsuggestions.movedAttracteddefeatedBased8．_____