電路機車供電裝置工作原理ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客車電氣裝置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主講人Zhangjia張嘉一、電力機車供電原理簡介IntroductiontoElectricLocomotivePowerSupplyPrinciples電力機車供電裝置工作原理一、電力機車供電原理簡介IntroductiontoElectricLocomotivePowerSupplyPrinciples電力機車供電裝置工作原理接觸網通過電力機車向空調列車供電，如圖6-4所示。Thecatenarypowersystemfacilitatestheprovisionofpowertotheair-conditionedtrainviatheelectriclocomotive,asdepictedintheaccompanyingdiagram.機車主變壓器設置兩個列車供電繞組，將受電弓接收的25kV單相交流高壓電降壓，利用兩套獨立的單相半控整流裝置，將單相交流電整流成直流，分別向列車供電。Thelocomotivemaintransformerisequippedwithtwotrainpowersupplywindings,whichreducethereceived25kVsingle-phaseAChighvoltagefromthepantograph.Twoindependentsetsofsingle-phasehalf-controlledrectifierunitsareutilizedtorectifythesingle-phaseACintoDC,providingpowertothetrain.電力機車供電裝置工作原理SS8電力機車供電裝置主電路原理圖如圖所示。ThemaincircuitschematicdiagramoftheSS8electriclocomotivepowersupplydeviceisshownintheaccompanyingfigure.供電繞組a7-X7、a8-X8從主變壓器抽頭輸出，每繞組輸出額定電壓870V、電流600A,功率522kW。Thesupplywindingsa7-X7anda8-X8aretappedfromthemaintransformer,eachwindingoutputsaratedvoltageof870V,acurrentof600A,apowerof522Kw.電力機車供電裝置工作原理交流真空接觸器KM30、KM31

是供電裝置總開關；TheACvacuumcontactorsKM30andKM31serveasthemainswitchesforthepowersupplydevice.同步變壓器T5、T6提供整流用同步移相電壓信號及整流器投入或停止的電壓提示信號。ThesynchronoustransformersT5andT6providesynchronousphase-shiftingvoltagesignalsforrectificationandvoltageindicationsignalsforstartingorstoppingtherectifiers.整流器V3、V4采用單相半控橋式整流，額定輸出電壓600V、電流670A、容量400kW。TherectifiersV3andV4utilizesingle-phasehalf-controlledbridgerectification,witharatedoutputvoltageof600V,acurrentof670A,acapacityof400kW.濾波電抗L5、L6分別與電容C29、C30構成濾波電路，電抗值為9mH，電容值為10400μF，濾波后輸出電流脈動率小于30%；ThefilteringinductorsL5andL6,inconjunctionwithcapacitorsC29andC30,formfilteringcircuitswithaninductancevalueof9millihenriesandacapacitancevalueof10,400microfarads.Thecurrentrippleafterfilteringislessthan30%.R71、R72分別為電容C29、C30的放電電阻，接觸器KM30、KM31斷開后，端電壓由600V降至50V需要30s。ThedischargeresistorsR71andR72areconnectedtocapacitorsC29andC30,respectively.WhenthecontactorsKM30andKM31areinterrupted,theterminalvoltagedecreasesfrom600Vto50Vin30seconds.電力機車供電裝置工作原理電阻R67、R68分別與電容C31、C32組成過壓保護電路；TheresistorsR67andR68,togetherwithcapacitorsC31andC32,formovervoltageprotectioncircuits.TA7、TA8分別與KC11、KC12構成交流側過流保護裝置，過流整定值為1000（1±0.1）A；TA7andTA8,inconjunctionwithKC11andKC12,constitutealternatingcurrentsideovercurrentprotectiondevices,withanovercurrentsettingvalueof1,000(1±0.1)A.電流互感器SC9、SC10及電壓互感器SV5、SV6構成直流側恒壓限流控制及過流保護控制。CurrenttransformersSC9,SC10,andvoltagetransformersSV5,SV6constitutedirectcurrentsideconstantvoltagecurrentlimitingcontrolandovercurrentprotectioncontrol.主電路的接地采用傳統的有源保護,接地繼電器與機車蓄電池串聯后與直流輸出負載相連。Themaincircuitisgroundedusingtraditionalactiveprotection.ThegroundingrelayisconnectedinserieswiththelocomotivebatteryandconnectedtotheDCoutputload.隨車工程師應重點注意以下幾個問題Theonboardengineershouldpayspecialattentiontothefollowingissues:電源裝置使用中注意的問題電力機車DC600V電源本身的工作原理與控制系統完全區別于發電車集中供電，安裝在機車上,出現問題時車輛乘務人員無法進行操作和維護。TheworkingprincipleandcontrolsystemoftheDC600Vpowersupplyforelectriclocomotivesarefundamentallydifferentfromcentralizedpowersupplysystemsforgeneratorcars.

Asthepowersupplydeviceisinstalledonthelocomotive,thetraincrewisunabletooperateandmaintainitintheeventofproblems.機車DC600V供電裝置的輸出品質。OutputqualityoftheDC600Vpowersupplyunitofthelocomotive.1機車電源的輸出失控可能造成毀滅性的破壞。Anuncontrolledoutputfromalocomotive'spowersupplycanbedevastating.2電力連接器和控制連接器形式不統一。Powerconnectorsandcontrolconnectorsarenotuniforminform.3接地保護問題SS7C、SS7D、SS7E、SS8、SS9為有源接地，SS9改、DF11為中點接地，客車為不接地系統。LocomotiveswiththemodelnumbersShaoshan7C,Shaoshan7D,Shaoshan7E,Shaoshan8,Shaoshan9isanactivegroundingsystemandShaoshan9isanimprovedversion,whileDongfeng11adoptsamidpointgroundingsystem.Passengercars,ontheotherhand,utilizeanungroundedsystemforprotection.接地保護問題為與不同機車編組，客車采用不接地系統進行保護。Toaccommodatedifferentlocomotivecompositions,passengercarsemployanungroundedsystemforprotection.客車保護既考慮了直流保護，同時考慮了交流負載保護。ThissystemnotonlyconsidersDCprotectionbutalsotakesintoaccountACloadprotection.在不接地系統中，由于電位浮地，系統不同設備(車廂間)的串擾較大。Intheungroundedsystem,duetothefloatingpotential,thereissignificantinterferenceamongdifferentequipmentinthesystem.客車漏電流設置為軟件100mA動作，硬件150mA動作。Theleakagecurrentforpassengercarsissetto100mAforsoftware-basedoperationsand150mAforhardware-basedoperations.供電回路原理電力機車DC600V電源，通過KC20D電氣連接器向列車母線供電。TheDC600VpowersupplyforelectriclocomotivesisprovidedtothetrainbusthroughtheKC20Delectricalconnector.在車廂內，兩路DC600V首先進入電氣綜合控制柜，電氣綜合控制柜設有供電選擇電路，可以選擇I路或II路DC600V電源，同時還設有漏電檢測裝置Insidethecarriage,thetwopathsofDC600Vpowerfirstentertheelectricalcontrolcabinet,whichisequippedwithapowersupplyselectioncircuit.ItcanselecteitherpathIorpathIIoftheDC600Vpowersupply.

Additionally,itisequippedwithaleakagedetectiondevice.當本車廂DC600V電路和AC380V電路有漏電時，可以切除本車DC600V電源。WhenthereisaleakageintheDC600VcircuitortheAC380Vcircuitofthecarriage,theDC600Vpowersupplyforthecarriagecanbedisconnected.電氣綜合控制柜將輸入的DC600V電源進行分配，供給逆變器和充電器。TheelectricalcontrolcabinetdistributestheinputDC600Vpowersupplytotheinverterandthecharger.逆變器將DC600V電源，變換成AC380V電源，并輸出到電氣綜合控制柜，供給空調機組。TheinverterconvertstheDC600VpowersupplyintoAC380Vpowersupplyandoutputsittotheelectricalcontrolcabinet,supplyingpowertotheairconditioningunit.充電器將DC600V電源變換成DC110V供本車蓄電池充電和照明等其他用電負載用。ThechargerconvertstheDC600VpowersupplyintoDC110Vtochargetheonboardbatteryandpowerotherloadssuchaslighting.電氣綜合控制柜Electricalintegratedcontrolcabinet列車母線TrainbusKC20D電力連接器KC20DPowerConnector電力機車DC600V電源DC600Vpowersupplyforelectriclocomotives供電回路原理DC600VAC380V逆變器充電機InverterChargers電氣綜合控制柜Electricalintegratedcontrolcabinet空調機組AirconditioningunitDC110V蓄電池充電照明Batterycharginglighting過分相區問題接觸網中性段軌道(A)電源(B)電源切換用地面裝置切換用地面裝置車載斷路器“斷開”惰行通過由于電力機車牽引每間隔50km存在分相區