AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodily

exerciseprecioustohealth.5,Butdespitesomeclaimstothecontrary,

chucklingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes

produceshort-termchangesincardiovascularfunctionandrespiration,

boostingheartrate,respiratoryrateanddepth,aswellasoxygen

consumption.Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficulttosustain,agood

guffawisunlikelytohavemeasurablecardiovascularbenefitstheway,

say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

Infact,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,

laughterapparentlyaccomplishestheopposite.Studiesdatingbacktothe

1930sindicatethatlaughterrelaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletonefor

upto45minutesaftertheguffawsubsides.

Suchphysicalrelaxationmightconceivablyhelpmoderatetheeffectsof

psychologicalstress.Afterall,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduce

othertypesofphysicalfeedbackthatimproveanindividuaFsemotional

state.Accordingtooneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsare

partiallyrootedinphysicalreactions.AmericanpsychologistWilliam

JamesandDanishphysiologistCarlLangearguedattheendofthe19th

centurythathumansdonotcrybecausetheyaresadbutthattheybecome

sadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalsoprecedestears,evidencesuggeststhatemotions

canflowfrommuscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,

socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofWurzburgin

Germanyandhiscolleaguesaskedvolunteerstoholdapeneitherwith

theirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,which

wouldproduceadisappointedexpression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheir

smilingmusclesreactedmoreexuberantlytofunnycartoonsthandid

thosewhosemouthswerecontractedinafrown,suggestingthat

expressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround.

Similarly,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

以下是2011年考研英語(一)完型真題，這個不用細看，待會會說到這

篇完形。

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodily

exerciseprecioustohealth0“But_1someclaimstothecontrary,

laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoes

—2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsblood

vessels,3_heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehard

laughterisdifficultto_4—,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave_5

benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoeso

―6—,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,

laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_7―,studiesdatingbacktothe

193O'sindicatethatlaughter_8muscles,decreasingmuscletonefor

upto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown。

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9_theeffectsof

psychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduce

othertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividuaFsemotional

state.-11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartially

rooted12__physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19th

centurythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecome

sadwhenthetearsbegintoflow。

Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhat

emotionscanflow_15muscularresponses.Inanexperiment

publishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityof

wiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto_16apeneitherwiththeir

teeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwould

producea(n)-17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheir

enthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswere

contractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluence

emotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround_20—,thephysicalact

oflaughtercouldimprovemood。

l.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

ll.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

當我們把原文和完形的文章對照起來看的話，就能知道一篇完形

是如何生成的了。藍色的外文期刊原文，棕色是試卷完形文章，粉色

是完形與原文不同處。大家大概掃一眼就行，不用細看，直接跳啦一

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodily

exerciseprecioustohealth.^^AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewed

laughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth□Butdespitesomeclaims

tothecontrary,chucklingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitness.

But_1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittle

influenceonphysicalfitness.Laughterdoesproduceshort-termchanges

incardiovascularfunctionandrespiration,boostingheartrate,respiratory

rateanddepth,aswellasoxygenconsumption.Laughterdoes

—2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsblood

vessels,3_heartrateandoxygenconsumption.Butbecausehard

laughterisdifficulttosustain,agoodguffawisunlikelytohave

measurablecardiovascularbenefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto_4—,agoodlaughisunlikely

tohave_5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoeso

Infact,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,

laughterapparentlyaccomplishestheopposite.—6—,insteadof

strainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparently

accomplishesthe_7—,Studiesdatingbacktothe1930sindicatethat

laughterrelaxesmuscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes

aftertheguffawsubsides,studiesdatingbacktothe193O'sindicatethat

laughter_8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutes

afterthelaughdiesdown。

Suchphysicalrelaxationmightconceivablyhelpmoderatetheeffectsof

psychologicalstress.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp

_9_theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Afterall,theactoflaughing

probablydoesproduceothertypesofphysicalfeedbackthatimprovean

individual'semotionalstate.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoes

produceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividuaFs

emotionalstate.Accordingtooneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelings

arepartiallyrootedinphysicalreactions.-11oneclassicaltheoryof

emotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.

AmericanpsychologistWilliamJamesandDanishphysiologistCarl

Langearguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry

becausetheyaresadbutthattheybecomesadwhenthetearsbeginto

flow.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry

13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflowo

Althoughsadnessalsoprecedestears,evidencesuggeststhatemotions

canflowfrommuscularresponses.Althoughsadnessalso14

tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_15muscular

responses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritz

StrackoftheUniversityofWurzburginGermanyandhiscolleagues

askedvolunteerstoholdapeneitherwiththeirteeth—therebycreatingan

artificialsmile-orwitht