專題一題型1細(xì)節(jié)理解題2025高考英語大二輪閱讀篇四選一閱讀和七選五閱讀專題一四選一閱讀題型1細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、綜合信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和細(xì)節(jié)排序題等。分析近三年的高考真題可知，直接信息題、間接信息題和綜合信息題為高頻考點(diǎn)，其他皆為低頻考點(diǎn)。設(shè)問方式以特殊疑問句形式為主，常以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞引出問題。直接信息題直接信息題的答案可以或幾乎可以直接從原文中找出來，考生可先從問題中找到關(guān)鍵詞，然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查閱的技巧在文中尋找細(xì)節(jié)。廣告類、活動(dòng)安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等語篇中的直接信息題較多。典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)HelprestoreandprotectMarin’snaturalareasfromtheMarinHeadlandstoBolinasRidge.We’llexplorebeautifulparksiteswhileconductinginvasive(侵入的)plantremoval，winterplanting，andseedcollection.HabitatRestorationTeamvolunteersplayavitalroleinrestoring[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵句sensitiveresourcesandprotectingendangeredspeciesacrosstheridgesandvalleys.21．Whatistheaimofthe設(shè)問方向：HabitatRestorationTeam的目的A．Todiscovermineralresources.B．Todevelopnewwildlifeparks.C．Toprotectthelocalecosystem. D．Toconductbiologicalresearch.[3]對(duì)比選項(xiàng)和關(guān)鍵句，得出答案：由關(guān)鍵句可知，HabitatRestorationTeam的目的是恢復(fù)生態(tài)資源、保護(hù)瀕危物種。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·浙江1月，A片段)“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”hasallthegoodstuff，includingthefencepainting，the①graveyard，theislandandthecave.Itis②adaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.That’sthelocalstagewritingteamthatcreatesmanyoftheChildren’sTheatreofCincinnati’soriginalmusicals，alongwiththeholidayfamilymusicalsatEnsembleTheatre.1．Whowrotethemusicfor“TomSawyer：ARiverAdventure”？A．DavidKisor. B．JoeMcDonough.C．NathanTurner. D．RobbieMcMath.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中的“ItisadaptedbyJoeMcDonough，withmusicbyDavidKisor.”可知，本劇是由大衛(wèi)·基索作曲的。故選A。語境猜詞：①graveyardn．墓地②adaptv．改編B(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，A片段)CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)Fromaclassic①viewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthe②breathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographerscontinuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDriveforthisshorttalk.2．WhatistheshorttalkatArtistPointabout?A．Worksoffamousartists.B．Protectionofwildanimals.C．Basicphotographyskills.D．Historyofthecanyonarea.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中的“Fromaclassicviewpoint，enjoyLowerFalls，theYellowstoneRiver，andthebreathtakingcolorsofthecanyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea’snaturalandhumanhistory.”可知，在ArtistPoint的簡短演講的主題是峽谷地區(qū)的歷史。故選D。語境猜詞：①viewpointn．觀點(diǎn)，看法；視角②breathtakingadj.令人驚嘆的C(2024·江西九江二模)AcademicSupportMAPHstudentsareprovidedwithacademicguidancefromthemomenttheyarriveoncampus.Mostoftenthissupportcomesfromthefollowingsources：·AllMAPHstudentstake①arequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.·Studentsareplacedingroupsof10－12andworkcloselywithanassigned②post-doctoralInstructionalProfessororTeachingFellowthroughouttheyear.·Overthewinterandspringquarters，MAPHstudentsworkcloselywithafacultymemberwhohasagreedtoserveastheirthesisadvisor.·ThreeMAPHMentors，recentMAPHgraduateswhoworkasstaffmembers，areavailabletomeetwithstudentstodiscusscourseselection.3．WhatkindofsupportisavailableforallMAPHstudents?A．Coursebythedirectoroftheprogram.B．GroupworkwiththeMAPHDirector.C．Adviceonthesiswritinginthefallquarter.D．HelpwithcoursebooksfromMentors.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中關(guān)鍵句“AllMAPHstudentstakearequiredfallquartercoursetaughtbytheMAPHDirector.”可知，所有MAPH學(xué)生都能上由MAPH院長教授的課程。故選A。語境猜詞：①arequiredfallquartercourse必修的秋季學(xué)期課程②post-doctoraladj.博士后的間接信息題間接信息題通常不能直接從原文中找到對(duì)應(yīng)的詞或短語，但可以找到近義詞、同義詞、派生詞、反義詞等，考生也可以根據(jù)文章的隱含線索，如原因、前提或結(jié)果等仔細(xì)推敲得出正確答案。此類題型常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查。典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B片段)Farber，agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity，startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.關(guān)鍵句1Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedeq\x(acupuncture)，anancientChinesepractice，andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.關(guān)鍵句2[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So，afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears，hebeganofferingthemtoeq\x(pets).關(guān)鍵句3[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞25．WhydidFarberdecidetotry設(shè)問方向：Farber決定給寵物嘗試用針灸療法的原因A．Hewastrainedinitatuniversity. B．Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C．Hebenefitedfromitasapatient. D．Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.[3]轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)鍵句，得出答案：由第一個(gè)關(guān)鍵句可知，whenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain可以轉(zhuǎn)換為ashewasapatient。由第二和第三個(gè)關(guān)鍵句可知Farber嘗試使用針灸，結(jié)果兩三次治療后就好轉(zhuǎn)了，于是在研究幾年后開始給寵物使用。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，B片段)Doyouevergettothetrainstationandrealizeyouforgottobringsomethingtoread?Yes，weallhaveourphones，butmanyofusstillliketogooldschoolandreadsomethingprinted.Well，there’sakiosk(小亭)forthat.IntheSanFranciscoBayArea，atleast.“Youenterthefaregates(檢票口)andyou’llseeakioskthatis①litupandittellsyoucangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory，”saysAliciaTrost，thechiefcommunicationsofficerfortheSanFranciscoBayAreaRapidTransit—knownasBART.“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyoua②receipt-likeshortstory.”1．Howarethestoriescategorizedinthekiosk?A．Bypopularity. B．Bylength.C．Bytheme. D．Bylanguage.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段第三段中“youcangetaone-minute，athree-minute，orafive-minutestory”和“Youchoosewhichlengthyouwantanditgivesyouareceipt-likeshortstory.”可知，自助服務(wù)亭中的故事按長度分類，乘客可以根據(jù)自己的需求選擇不同長度的故事。故選B。語境猜詞：①lightup照亮，點(diǎn)亮②receipt-like像收據(jù)一樣的B(2024·浙江1月，B片段)Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesago，right?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas...2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing，Ispreadsome①throwsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore“youngprofessional”．AsIrushedoutdoorsto②emptythewastepaperbaskets，thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside，butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhada③sparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.2．Whydidtheauthorusethetelephoneboxin2006?A．Toplaceanurgentcall.B．Toputupanotice.C．Toshelterfromtherain.D．Toholdanaudition.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段第二段最后一句“So，IcalledDirectoryAssistance，gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent，andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.”可知，作者在2006年使用電話亭是為了撥打緊急電話。故選A。語境猜詞：①thrown．套，罩②emptyv．清空③spareadj.備用的綜合信息題綜合信息題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個(gè)信息或多段內(nèi)容，且各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)信息都能在文章中找到，因此考生要不厭其煩地認(rèn)真分析、概括和歸納，從而得出正確答案。設(shè)問形式如下：Whatcanwelearnabout...fromthe...paragraph(s)？Whatdo...and...haveincommon？Whatsimilar...do...and...have？等。典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，A)ChoiceofWalksforBeginnerandExperiencedWalkersTheCarlowAutumnWalkingFestivalisagreatopportunityforthebeginner，experiencedoradvancedwalkertoenjoythechallengesofCarlow’smountainhikesorthepeaceofitswoodlandwalks.Walk1—TheNaturalWorldWithenvironmentalistéannaLamhnaastheguide，thiswalkpromisestobeaninformativetour.WalkersaresuretolearnlotsaboutthehabitatsandnaturalworldoftheBlackstairs.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at09：00)[2]信息詞StartPoint：ScratoesBridgeWalkDuration：6hoursWalk2—IntroductiontoHillwalkingEmmanuelChappard，anexperiencedguide，hasapassionformakingthegreatoutdoorsaccessibletoall.Thismountainwalkprovidesaninsightintotheskillsrequiredforhillwalkingtoensureyougetthemostfromfuturewalkingtrips.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at09：00[2]信息詞StartPoint：DeerparkCarParkWalkDuration：5hoursWalk3—MoonlightUndertheStarsWalkingatnight-timeisagreatwaytostepoutofyourcomfortzone.BreathtakingviewsofthelowlandsofCarlowcanbeenjoyedinthepresenceofwelcomingguidesfromlocalwalkingclubs.Atorch(手電筒)alongwithsuitableclothingisessentialforwalkinginthedark.Thosewhoaredressedinappropriatelywillberefusedpermissiontoparticipate.DateandTime：Saturday，1stOctober，at18：30[2]信息詞StartPoint：TheTownHallWalkDuration：3hoursWalk4—PhotographicWalkinKilbrannishForestThisinformativewalkledbyRichardSmythintroducesyoutothebasicprinciplesofphotographyinthewild.Bringalongyourcameraandenjoythewonderfulviewsalongthiswell-surfacedforestpath.DateandTime：Sunday，2ndOctober，at11：45[2]信息詞StartPoint：KilbrannishForestRecreationAreaWalkDuration：1.5hours23．Whatdothefourwalks設(shè)問方向：四項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的共同點(diǎn)A．Theyinvolvedifficultclimbing.B．Theyareforexperiencedwalkers.C．Theysharethesamestartpoint.D．Theyarescheduledfortheweekend.[3]綜合概括信息源，得出答案：每一項(xiàng)徒步活動(dòng)的舉辦時(shí)間都是Saturday或Sunday，可以概括為周末。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2023·全國甲，A片段)NahmOfferingThaifinedining，NahmprovidesthebestofBangkokculinary(烹飪的)experiences.It’stheonlyThairestaurantthatranksamongthetop10oftheworld’s50bestrestaurantslist.HeadChefDavidThompson，whoreceivedaMichelinstarforhisLondon-basedThairestaurantofthesamename，openedthis①branchintheMetropolitanHotelin2010.IssayaSiameseClubIssayaSiameseClubisinternationallyknownThaichefIanKittichai’sfirst②flagshipBangkokrestaurant.Themenuinthisbeautiful③colonialhouseincludestraditionalThaicuisinecombinedwithmoderncookingmethods.1．WhatdoNahmandIssayaSiameseClubhaveincommon?A．Theyadoptmoderncookingmethods.B．TheyhavebranchesinLondon.C．Theyhavetop-classchefs.D．Theyarebasedinhotels.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Nahm部分的最后一句以及IssayaSiameseClub部分的首句可知，Nahm和IssayaSiameseClub的共同之處是它們都有一流的廚師。故選C。語境猜詞：①branchn．分店②flagshipn．旗艦③colonialadj.殖民地時(shí)期風(fēng)格的B(2024·四川綿陽二模)Ifyou’relookingforanewbooktoread，you’reinluck—everyOctoberseesthemostbookspublishedinasingledayandthisyearitfallsonOctober12.Thesearesomeofthebiggestnewtitlestopickup.·AStrokeofthePenbyTerryPratchett，priced￡20.Itcontains20shortstorieswrittenintheseventiesandeightiesinthelastcentury.Thisdelightfulcollectionis①inventiveand②engaging，oftenwitha③twistyend.Thecomedicfantasiesthatshapethisbookmakeafunread.·AHauntingontheHillbyElizabethHand，priced￡16.99.Availablenow.Itisa④readattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.Theshortchapters，complexcharacters，andbeautifullyyetscarilywrittendescriptionsmakethenovelanirresistibleturner.2．WhatdoAStrokeofthePenandAHauntingontheHillhaveincommon?A．Botharerealistic.B．Botharescary.C．Bothareonsale.D．Bothhaveasurpriseending.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由AStrokeofthePenbyTerryPratchett中“Thisdelightfulcollectionisinventiveandengaging，oftenwithatwistyend.”和AHauntingontheHillbyElizabethHand中“Itisareadattractingreaders’curiositytotheendandtheendisbeyondexpectation.”可知，這兩本書的共同點(diǎn)在于兩者都有出人意料的結(jié)局。故選D。語境猜詞：①inventiveadj.有創(chuàng)意的②engagingadj.迷人的，吸引人的③twistyadj.曲折的④readn．讀物數(shù)字計(jì)算題數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般會(huì)涉及時(shí)間、年齡、價(jià)錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計(jì)算。一般來說，計(jì)算量都比較小，容易計(jì)算。但是解答英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計(jì)算題必須要找出文中的隱含信息，這些“暗”信息會(huì)涉及對(duì)某個(gè)難句的理解，從這個(gè)角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計(jì)算題一般出現(xiàn)在廣告類、故事類、科學(xué)知識(shí)類、史地自然類、文化教育類等語篇中。設(shè)問方式多是以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。典例剖析(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)PricesHandBrake，ThreeGears[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞FootBrake，NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)[2]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞€14.75關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)€9.75Eachadditionalday關(guān)鍵信息€8.00關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)€6.00[3]整合推算，得出答案：第二列與題干中詢問的類別一致：三擋、手剎。由倒數(shù)第二行的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)可知，租一天三檔、手剎的自行車費(fèi)用是€14.75；由最后一行的關(guān)鍵信息和數(shù)據(jù)可知，如果多租一天，交€8.00。合計(jì)推算€14.75＋€8.00＝€22.75。故C項(xiàng)正確。23．Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikeeq\x(withhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays)？↓[1]題干關(guān)鍵詞：類別和時(shí)長設(shè)問方向：租一輛三擋、手剎的自行車兩天的花費(fèi)A．€15.75.B．€19.50.C．€22.75.D．€29.50.技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)AGE，SKILLS，WHATTOBRINGVolunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.ReadourYouthPolicyGuidelinesforyouthundertheageof15.BringyourcompletedVolunteerAgreementForm.Volunteersundertheageof18musthavetheparent/guardianapprovalsectionsigned.1．WhatistheloweragelimitforjoiningtheHabitatRestorationTeam?A．5.B．10.C．15.D．18.答案B解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)選段中的“Volunteersaged10andoverarewelcome.”可知，參加棲息地恢復(fù)小組的年齡下限是10歲。故選B。B(2022·全國乙，A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.SchoolsandCollegesAspeciallowentrancechargeof￡2perpersonisavailabletoallinfull-timeeducation，uptoandincludingthoseatfirstdegreelevel，inorganisedgroupswithteachers.2．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4.B．￡8.C．￡12.D．￡16.答案B解析數(shù)字計(jì)算題。根據(jù)Admission部分中“￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.”可知，一對(duì)夫婦應(yīng)付4＋4＝8(英鎊)，兩個(gè)12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費(fèi)，即入場(chǎng)費(fèi)共8英鎊。故選B。C(2020·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，A片段)Prizes3GrandPrizes：TriptoWashington，D.C.foreachofthreewinners，aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludes①round-tripairtickets，hotelstayfortwonights，andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.3．Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A．Two.B．Three.C．Four.D．Six.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)選段中的“TriptoWashington，D.C.foreachofthreewinners，aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.”可知，每名特等獎(jiǎng)獲得者共可以帶兩個(gè)人免費(fèi)旅行，故答案為A。語境猜詞：①round-tripadj.往返旅行的題型2推理判斷題推理判斷是指在理解原文字面意思的基礎(chǔ)上，通過對(duì)語篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細(xì)節(jié)的推敲，作出一定的判斷和推理，從而理解文章的深層含義的過程。推理判斷題主要考查考生分析上下文邏輯關(guān)系的能力以及邏輯推理能力。題目所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是某幾句話，要求考生在理解原文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)文章字面信息進(jìn)行分析、挖掘、邏輯推理，從而揭示其深層含義。縱觀近幾年高考真題，推斷隱含信息、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度、寫作意圖為高頻考點(diǎn)，而推斷文章出處/類型、讀者對(duì)象、后續(xù)內(nèi)容和寫作手法為低頻考點(diǎn)。隱含信息推斷題隱含信息推斷題要求考生根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，推斷具體細(xì)節(jié)，如時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物關(guān)系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根據(jù)語篇提供的信息，或者借助語境進(jìn)行推理判斷。考生只有正確把握文章的邏輯關(guān)系，理解關(guān)鍵詞句的真正含義，才能作出準(zhǔn)確的推斷。一般此類題干中主要包括六個(gè)動(dòng)詞：infer(推斷)，indicate(表明，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(推斷出)和assume(假定，設(shè)想)。設(shè)問方式主要有：Whatcanwelearnfrom...inparagraph...？Whatcanbeinferredfromthe...paragraph？Whatcanweinferfrom...？Whatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioning...inparagraph...？Whatcanbeinferredabout...?典例剖析(2024·全國甲，C片段)Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem，關(guān)鍵信息1particularlyinthepoorer，ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver，includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountryeq\x(likeKrasnoyarsk).關(guān)鍵信息2[1]原文關(guān)鍵詞＝題干關(guān)鍵詞29．Whatcanweinferfrom設(shè)問方向：就第三段內(nèi)容對(duì)Krasnoyarsk的情況進(jìn)行推斷A．Itisheavilypopulated. B．Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C．Itisamoderncity. D．Itneedsmedicalaid.[2]分析關(guān)鍵信息的字面意思：關(guān)鍵信息1：政府一直在努力提出推動(dòng)醫(yī)療服務(wù)現(xiàn)代化的措施關(guān)鍵信息2：擴(kuò)大財(cái)政援助計(jì)劃以激勵(lì)醫(yī)生到像Krasnoyarsk這樣的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)行醫(yī)[3]推測(cè)并整合關(guān)鍵信息的隱含意思：整合關(guān)鍵信息可知，在俄羅斯，像Krasnoyarsk這樣的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)存在很多醫(yī)療問題，政府一直努力解決，加大財(cái)政援助并鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)生去行醫(yī)，可推斷Krasnoyarsk急需醫(yī)療救助。對(duì)比選項(xiàng)知D項(xiàng)正確。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，C片段)BMFemployeesliveout①sustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice，theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Weare②passionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.1．WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A．Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B．Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C．Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D．Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)BMFemployees定位到所給片段，根據(jù)該段第一句“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.”及最后一句“‘Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste，carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，’saidaBMFemployee.”可知，BMF的員工在日常生活中踐行可持續(xù)行為，并熱衷于減少環(huán)境中的廢棄物、碳排放和化學(xué)制品，由此推測(cè)，他們具有強(qiáng)烈的環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D。語境猜詞：①sustainabilityn．可持續(xù)性②passionateadj.熱情的，狂熱的B(2023·全國甲，D片段)Obviously，ifprecautions(預(yù)防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecome①troublesome，sometimeskillingfarmanimalsorwalkingthroughyardsinsearchoffood.Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble.Puttingelectricfencingaroundchickenhousesandotherfarmanimal②quartersisalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.“Ourhopeistohaveaclean，attractant-freeplacewherebearscanpassthroughwithoutlearningbadhabits，”saysJamesJonkel，longtimebiologistwhomanagesbearsinandaroundMissoula.2．Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A．Foodshouldbeprovidedforgrizzlies.B．Peoplecanliveinharmonywithgrizzlies.C．Aspecialpathshouldbebuiltforgrizzlies.D．Technologycanbeintroducedtoprotectgrizzlies.答案B解析推理判斷題。依據(jù)語段中的“Obviously，ifprecautions(預(yù)防)aren’ttaken，grizzliescanbecometroublesome...Ifpeopleremovefoodandattractantsfromtheiryardsandcampsites，grizzlieswilltypicallypassbywithouttrouble...isalsohighlyeffectiveatgettinggrizzliesaway.”可推知，如果采取一些預(yù)防措施，可以避免灰熊造成破壞，甚至有效地驅(qū)離灰熊，即人和灰熊可以和諧相處。故選B。語境猜詞：①troublesomeadj.引起麻煩的②quartern．生活區(qū)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度推斷題此類試題往往讓考生推斷文章作者或文中人物對(duì)某事物所持的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或看法，或推斷文中人物的語氣、性格等。設(shè)問方式主要有：Whatistheauthor’sattitudetoward...？Whatdoestheauthorthinkof...？Howdoestheauthorfind...?觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度一般分為三大類：①支持、贊同、樂觀；②客觀、中立；③反對(duì)、批評(píng)、懷疑、悲觀。作者或文中人物的這種思想傾向和感情色彩往往隱含在文章的字里行間。因此，在推斷過程中，應(yīng)特別注意文中的措辭，尤其是表達(dá)感情色彩的形容詞或副詞。典例剖析(2024·全國甲，C片段)TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear，thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks，beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(補(bǔ)給)．Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheck-ups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsand關(guān)鍵信息1：描述性詞匯→形容詞theirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstaying關(guān)鍵信息2：描述性詞匯→形容詞focusedandveryconcerned，”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchance關(guān)鍵信息3：描述性詞匯→形容詞formanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”31．WhatisDucke’sattitudetowardtheSaintLukas’services?設(shè)問方向：Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)持有的態(tài)度A．Appreciative. B．Doubtful.C．Ambiguous. D．Cautious.[1]找關(guān)鍵信息：見文中1、2、3[2]分析關(guān)鍵信息：關(guān)鍵信息1：形容詞impressed，說明Ducke對(duì)醫(yī)生和他們的助手的工作印象深刻。關(guān)鍵信息2：形容詞little和focusedandconcerned，說明醫(yī)生和助手雖然住在如此狹小的空間里，但仍然保持專注和關(guān)切。關(guān)鍵信息3：形容詞thebest，說明他們服務(wù)很好。[3]歸納人物態(tài)度：綜上可知，Ducke對(duì)SaintLukas的服務(wù)是感激的，故選A。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B片段)“Iamnotcrazy，”saysDr.WilliamFarber，shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittle①defensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhisco-workers②occasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine—combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture，chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.1．WhatdosomeofFarber’sco-workersthinkofhim?A．He’sodd. B．He’sstrict.C．He’sbrave. D．He’srude.答案A解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)選段開頭“Iamnotcrazy”以及下文“Ifheseemsalittledefensive，itmightbebecauseevensomeofhisco-workersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.”可知，法伯的一些同事有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他的不尋常的方法，即認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。語境猜詞：①defensiveadj.懷有戒心的②occasionallyadv.偶然，偶爾B(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，D片段)Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents，theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates？Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds？Thishappenedsomeofthetime，butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently，thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow，theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotential①implicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingare②enormous.2．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive.C．Doubtful. D．Approving.答案D解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。依據(jù)“忠于措辭”法。根據(jù)選段最后一段“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain，thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究是贊許和支持的。故選D。語境猜詞：①implicationn．可能的影響②enormousadj.巨大的，極大的C(2023·全國甲，C片段)Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences，andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory，andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解讀)theirmessagesandaddinghisown①interpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun，sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparent②simplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire，lonelinessandaging.Theinvitationisclear：Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.It’sworthyourtime，eveniftimeissomethingwedon’thavealotof.3．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner’sbook?A．Objectiveandplain.B．Daringandambitious.C．Seriousandhardtofollow.D．Humorousandstraightforward.答案D解析觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)選段第一段第一句以及第二段第一句可推知，作者認(rèn)為Weiner的書既幽默又簡單易懂。故選D。語境猜詞：①interpretationn．解釋，理解②simplicityn．簡單寫作意圖推斷題各種話題的閱讀材料都可能考查寫作目的/意圖。通常情況下，作者在文中不直接陳述自己的意圖，而是通過文中所列事物使讀者感受到其所傳遞的想法。所以，這種題型要求考生具備對(duì)作者闡述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)和分析的能力。設(shè)問方式主要有：Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassage？Whatisthepurposeofthistext？Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioning...？Whatisthepurposeof...mentionedinparagraph...?典例剖析(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，D)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives，weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture，andthisiswhereAIbyDesign：APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革)．[1]Para.1：總體介紹了新書《人工智能設(shè)計(jì)：與人工智能共同生活的計(jì)劃》。Inthewronghands，suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut，thankfully，Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic，makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich，bytheclose，willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.[2]Para.2：介紹了本書作者的背景和寫作特點(diǎn)。AswesooncometolearnfromAIbyDesign，AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable，movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere，Campbellsays，willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence，orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.[3]Paras.3－4：概述了書中的主要論點(diǎn)及其意義。Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking，followedbyglobalregulation，willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall，andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject，thisisit.[4]Para.5：再次強(qiáng)烈推薦這本書。35．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?設(shè)問方向：詢問本文的寫作目的A．TorecommendabookonAI.B．TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C．ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D．TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.辨文體：本文以“書”為對(duì)象，闡述了作者對(duì)這本書的評(píng)價(jià)，由此可推知，本文是一篇書評(píng)。明主旨：根據(jù)各段主旨可知，本文介紹了《人工智能設(shè)計(jì)：與人工智能共同生活的計(jì)劃》這本書的內(nèi)容并作了評(píng)價(jià)。作判斷：由此可推斷，作者寫這篇文章是為了推薦一本有關(guān)AI的書。故選A。技法歸納即時(shí)演練A(2024·全國甲，D片段)That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories，PeterMountford①breaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—②that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—butitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.1．WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A．Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists.B．Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C．Toencouragewritingforthemagazine.D．Torecommendtheirnewbooks.答案B解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)選段第一段首句可知，本期《作家文摘》旨在幫助讀者了解如何給自己的作品寫出最好的結(jié)局，接著作者提到彼得·蒙福德和伊麗莎白·西姆斯將如何進(jìn)行這方面的指導(dǎo)。由此可知，作者提到這兩個(gè)人是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這期雜志的主題。故選B。語境猜詞：①breakdown分析②That’supto...那取決于……B(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B片段)Overtheyears，Johnhas①takenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedan②eco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou，acityinsoutheastChina.2．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C．TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.答案B解析寫作意圖題。選段首句指出約翰做了很多大項(xiàng)目，接著提到他為伯靈頓和福州設(shè)計(jì)的凈化水體的項(xiàng)目，可推知作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰的想法的一項(xiàng)實(shí)際應(yīng)用。故選B。語境猜詞：①takeon承擔(dān)②eco-machine生態(tài)機(jī)器C(2023·全國甲，C片段)Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthen①frameseachphilosopher’sworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates，seelikeThoreau，listenlikeSchopenhauer，andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This，②morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy，isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.3．Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?A．TocompareWeinerwiththem.B．Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C．Topraisetheirwritingskills.D．TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner’sbook.答案D解析寫作意圖題。根據(jù)選段中的“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainride...TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates，seelikeThoreau，listenlikeSchopenhauer，andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.”可知，作者在本段開頭描寫了Weiner的書的內(nèi)容，接著通過列舉幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學(xué)到的東西，由此可推知，作者列舉幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiner的書。故選D。語境猜詞：①framev．把……置于……中②morethan與其說……(不如說……)內(nèi)容細(xì)節(jié)巧判斷這類考題考查頻率較低，常包括文章出處/類型題、讀者對(duì)象題、后續(xù)內(nèi)容題和寫作手法題等。一般來講，文章出處/類型題要求考生具備一定的常識(shí)，能夠根據(jù)文章的體裁和題材來推斷文章的出處或類別；讀者對(duì)象推斷題要求考生根據(jù)短