培優練（二十三）2023·南京、鹽城高三二模eq\a\vs4\al\co1()40分鐘Ⅰ.閱讀理解IntroOurOnlineChineseSummerCampprogramisawonderful,immersiveonlineChineselearningexperiencespecificallydesignedforlearningChineseremotely.SuitableAgeKidsaged10to16CampContentInteractiveChineselessons,culturalactivitiesandvirtualtripsScheduleMondaytoFridayTheclasstimeisscheduledaccordingtodifferenttimezones.CampLevelsOnlineChineseCampisdividedinto2levels—Non－NativeChineseCampforbeginnertointermediatelevelsandChineseCampforintermediatetoadvancedlevels.Non－NativeChineseCampforkidsfromnon－nativeChinesefamiliesChineseCampforkidsfromnativeChinesefamiliesREQUIREMENTS·NoChineselanguageexperienceneeded·NoChineselanguageexposureineverydaylife·ChineselanguageexperienceinanativeChinese－speakingfamilyCONTENT√FunandinteractiveonlinelessonsandactivitiestoraisetheinterestinlearningChinese√IntroductiontoChinesecharacterswithstoriesandpictures√Developpracticalcommunicationskills√BasicconversationsinChinese√Project－basedculturalactivitiestoincreasetheunderstandingofChineseculture√Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening,Speaking，Reading&Writing√IntermediateconversationsinChinesethroughvariousculturalandlanguageactivities√MoreadvancedlessonstoincreaseChinesevocabulary√Project－basedculturalactivitiestodeepentheunderstandingofChinesecultureReadytoSignUp?Contactus(www.C)andwewillbehappytoansweryourquestionsandhelpyouchoosetherightcamp.Don’tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice!【語篇解讀】本文是應用文，是一則在線漢語學習夏令營的廣告。1.Whatisthetext?A.Acoursereview. B.Acommercialad.C.Anacademicarticle. D.Anactivityschedule.答案B[文章類別題。根據Intro部分的內容以及ReadytoSignUp？部分的內容可知，本文是一則漢語夏令營的廣告，介紹了針對人群、要求和內容等相關信息。]2.WhatcankidsdoinChineseCamp?A.ImproveintegratedChineseskills.B.MakeupbasicChinesedialogues.C.Learncharactersthroughfunstories.D.Prepareforadvancedvocabularytests.答案A[細節理解題。根據表格中的“Funandinteractiveonlinelessonstoimprove4languageskills—Listening，Speaking，Reading&Writing”可知，孩子們在漢語營可以提高綜合漢語技能。]3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprogram?A.Itinvolvesskillsforcampingtrips.B.Itoffersadiscountifyoubookearlier.C.Ithasafixedtimetableregardlessoftimezones.D.Itincludesoff－lineinteractiveactivitiesinChina.答案B[推理判斷題。根據ReadytoSignUp？部分的“Don’tforgettoaskusaboutearlybirdprice！”可推知，你如果提前預訂，就能享受折扣價。]InsoutheasternBrazil,localfisherswalkintodarkwatersinsearchofmullet(鯔魚).Ontheirown,itwouldbetrickytofindthesilveryfish.Butthehumansgethelpfromanunusualpartner:wildbottlenosedolphins.Withnetsinhand,thefisherspatientlywaitastheircetacean(鯨類的)partnersdrivethefishtowardtheshore.Asignalfromthedolphins—usuallyadeepdive—indicateswhentheyshouldcasttheirnets.Thisfishingpartnershiphaspasseddownthroughthegenerations,lastingformorethanacentury.Whileresearchersknewhumansprofitedfromthispairing,theycouldn’tconfirmwhetheritbenefitedthedolphins.Now,inanewstudyinProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researcherssuggestcetaceansthathuntwithhumanshavemorechancestolivethanthosethatdon’t.“Human－wildlifecooperationingeneralisararephenomenonataglobalscale，”saysMauricioCantor,abiologistatOregonStateUniversityandleaderofthestudy.“Usuallyhumansgainthebenefit,andnaturepaysthecost.Butthisinteractionhasbeenhappeningforover150years.”Fishersweremoresuccessfulwhentheyworkedwiththedolphins.Whendolphinswerepresent,thefisherswere17timesmorelikelytocatchprey(獵物)andnettednearlyfourtimesmoremulletwhentheytimedtheircastingwiththecetaceans’signals.Eighty－sixpercentofall4，955mulletcaughtduringthestudyperiodcamefrom“synchronous(同時發生的)interactions”—whenthealliesorganizedtheiractionsperfectlywithoneanother.Thestudyalsorevealeddolphinshuntingwithhumanshada13percentincreaseinthesurvivalrateoverotherdolphins.Thesecooperativedolphinsaremorelikelytostayneartheshore,reducingtheirchanceofentanglement(纏住)inillegalfishingequipment.Besides,thedolphinscantakesomefishdirectlyfromthefishers’harvest.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。在巴西東南部，當地漁民和不尋常的伙伴——野生寬吻海豚合作捕魚，這種習慣代代相傳。這種合作帶來的影響是漁民捕捉到獵物的可能性是原來的17倍，同時海豚的生存機會也增加了，這揭示了一種罕見的、獨特的人與海豚和諧共處的共生關系。4.WhatdothefirsttwoparagraphstalkaboutconcerningBrazilianfishers?A.Theytrickdolphinsintofishingforthem.B.Theyharvestmorefishwithdolphins’help.C.Theyhavebeentrainingdolphinsoveracentury.D.Theycastthefishingnetswhendolphinssurface.答案B[細節理解題。根據第一段內容可知，漁民們自己捕魚比較困難，但他們得到了海豚的幫助。再根據第二段中的“Asignalfromthedolphins...lastingformorethanacentury”可知，海豚會發出捕獵信號，暗示漁民何時撒網。由此可知，前兩段主要講述了漁民們在海豚的幫助下，捕捉到了更多的魚。]5.WhatdoesMauricioCantor’sresearchshow?A.Naturefavorshumanbeingsatahugecost.B.Fishersbenefitfromcooperatingwithcetaceans.C.Human－wildlifeinteractionsareanewglobaltrend.D.Dolphinsworkingwithmanhaveahighersurvivalrate.答案D[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“Now，inanewstudy...havemorechancestolivethanthosethatdon’t”和第六段首句可知，MauricioCantor的研究表明了與人類一起捕獵的海豚比那些不和人類合作捕獵的海豚存活率高。]6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“allies”refertoinparagraph5?A.Prey. B.Mullet.C.Partners. D.Researchers.答案C[詞義猜測題。根據第五段中的“Fishersweremoresuccessfulwhentheyworkedwiththedolphins”“Eighty－sixpercentofall...‘synchronous(同時發生的)interactions’”可知，漁民和海豚合作捕獵，效果更成功。在捕獲的魚中，86%的收獲是和海豚們完美配合實現的。故此處表示漁民和海豚是盟友關系，畫線詞與C項意思最相近。]7.What’stheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toappealfortheprotectionofseacreatures.B.Toshowauniquehuman－dolphinrelationship.C.Toapplaudfordevelopmentinfishingresearch.D.Toencouragefisherstobetterdrawondolphins.答案B[寫作意圖題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段以及最后一段內容可知，文章介紹了漁民和海豚合作捕獵的傳統現象。人類在海豚的幫助下收獲更多魚，而海豚也通過合作提高了生存幾率。由此可推知，作者寫本文的目的是展示一種有著悠久歷史的人與海豚相互依賴、相互幫助的獨特合作關系。]Whenreading,mymotherlikestosliceaparagraphorasentenceoutandattachittothewallofherkitchen.Shepicksboringsentencesthatpuzzleme.ButIprefercopyingfavoritebrightlinesintoajournalinsoft,grayNo.2pencil,wordbyword.Shedoesn’tknowanyofthis.There’snothingshocking,forweseldombegincertainconversationsthoughwetalkonthephoneweekly,sometimesmakingeachotherlaughsohardthatIchokeandshecries.Butwhatwedon’tsaycouldfilluprooms:fightswithmyfather,smallfailuresinschoolandanythingthatreallyupsetsus.Mymotherhasnevertoldme“Iloveyou,Lisa.”—asifthefour－wordabsenceexplainswhoIam—soIcarryitwithme,likealabelonme.Thelasttimeshealmostspokethewordswastwoyearsago,whenshecalledtotellmeafriendhadbeeninhospital.Isaid,“Iloveyou,Mom.”Shestoppedforawhileandthensaid,“Thankyou.”Ihaven’tsaiditsince,butI’vewonderedwhymymotherdoesn’tuntilI’vefoundapoemthatsupplieswordstotheblankspacesItrytounderstandinourconversations：Don’tfilluponbread.Isayabsent－mindedly.Theservingsherearehuge.Myson,middle－aged,says:Didyoureallyjustsaythattome?Whathedoesn’tknowisthatwhenwe’rewalkingtogether,Idesiretoreachforhishand.It’shumble,yetheartbreaking.Aftercopyingitdowninmyjournal,Iemailedittomymom,adding“Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.”Mymotherdoesn’treadpoetry—oratleast,shedoesn’ttellme,andIfeltnervousclicking“Send”.Shenevermentionedthepoem.ButthenexttimeIwenthomeforvacation,Inoticedsomethingnewinthekitchenfixedtoanantiqueboard:thepoem.Theboardhungabovetheheater,thewarmestspotinthekitchen.Thepoemstillhangsthere.NeithermymothernorIhaveeverspokenaboutit.【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。母親的內斂和寡言少語讓作者內心很不理解，后來，作者讀到一首特別的詩，這讓作者理解了母親含蓄的愛。8.What’sthefunctionofparagraph1?A.Tostressthetheme.B.Toestablishthesetting.C.Torepresentthecharacters.D.Tocreatetheatmosphere.答案C[寫作意圖題。根據第一段內容可知，母親喜歡將一段話或者一句話剪下來貼在廚房墻上，而作者卻喜歡用筆一字一字地記錄，此處以對比的手法展示母女二人性格和做事的不同，為下文故事情節的發展做了前期鋪墊。]9.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemother－daughterrelationship?A.Shaky. B.Distant.C.Reserved. D.Intense.答案C[推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Mymotherhasnevertoldme...‘Thankyou.’”可知，母親平時從未對作者直接表達過母愛，即便女兒電話中告訴母親“媽媽，我愛您”，母親也只是說了一聲“謝謝你”。從對話雙方的態度可以看出，母女之間缺少直率的表達，過于內斂。]10.Whydidtheauthorsendthepoemtohermom?A.Itremindedherofhermom’slove.B.Shewantedtoapologizetohermom.C.Itsuitedhermom’stasteofliterature.D.Sheneededaninterpretationfromhermom.答案A[細節理解題。根據倒數第二段中的“It’shumble...Iemailedittomymom，adding‘Thispoemmakesmethinkofyou.’”可知，作者把這首詩發給她的母親是因為這讓她聯想起自己母親的愛。]11.Whatdoesthepoemmeantotheauthor’smom?A.Amemoryofgoldendays.B.Herdaughter’sgratefulnesstoher.C.Adecorationintheplainkitchen.D.Herdaughter’sunderstandingofher.答案D[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“ButthenexttimeIwenthome...Thepoemstillhangsthere”可知，作者回到家看到母親把詩掛在廚房，才意識到母親一直深愛著自己，只是不善于表達。這首詩對母親而言，意味著女兒理解了她愛的方式。]Amongmyfriends,onetopicseemstodominatetheirconversations：bones.Itmakessense,giventhat20percentofAmericanwomenover50haveosteoporosis(骨質疏松)andthatmorethanhalfhaveboneloss.Formen,thefiguresarelower:4percentandathird.Worldwide,oneoutofthreewomenover50andoneoutoffiveoldermenwilldevelopafracture(骨折).Anotherreasonfortheendlessargumentaboutboneproblemsismassconfusionoverhowtostrengthenyourbonesbestandwhetherdietreallymakesadifference.Dietresearchisalwaysmessy,andstudyresultsonnutritionandbonehealthhaven’tbeenconsistent.But__gradually__some__clarity__is__emerging.Aswedrawupresolutionsforwhattoeat,it’susefultolookatnewdataonvitamin D.Calciumisthekeyelementforbuildingbones,andvitaminDhelpstoabsorbcalciumfromthefoodweeat,sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(補充物)tomakeupforage－relatedboneloss.ButarecentstudyfoundthattakingDsupplementsforfiveyearsdidnotreducetherateoffracturesinseniors.Thatresultbuiltonearlierfindings,ledbythesameteam,thatthesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度).“FoodandsunexposurelikelyprovideenoughvitaminDforhealthyadults，”saysMerylLeBoff,wholedthestudy.Whatdoeshelpmaintainstrongbonesforallofus？Theeasyanswerisfoodhighincalcium,suchasmilkandtofu.“Gettingitfromfoodisbest，”LeBoffsays，“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients(營養物),andyouhavemorecontinuousabsorptionthanfromDsupplements.”Theotherkeyelementofbonehealthinvolvescaloriesoutratherthancaloriesin.Weight－bearingexercisestimulatesboneformationthroughoutlife.Sowhilefocusingonbetternutritionalchoices,addmoreexercisetoyourdailymenu.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。一項研究表明服用補充維生素D五年并不能降低老年人的骨折率，但高鈣食物和運動有助于增強骨骼健康。12.Whatdothestatisticsinparagraph1emphasize?A.Theseriousnessofboneproblems.B.Theconcernaboutseniorcitizens.C.Theconfusionaboutstrengtheningbones.D.Theimportanceofhavingabalanceddiet.答案A[推理判斷題。根據第一段中的“Itmakessense...willdevelopafracture(骨折)”可知，這些數據表明美國男性女性的骨質疏松問題嚴重，世界范圍內男性女性發生骨折現象也比比皆是。故該段中用真實數據強調了現實中人們骨骼問題的嚴重性。]13.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2imply?A.Dietresearchisnolongerachallenge.B.We’vemaderesolutionstostudydiets.C.Findingsonbonehealthprovetobesimilar.D.Webegintoagreeonwaystokeepboneshealthy.答案D[句意理解題。根據第二段中的“Dietresearchisalwaysmessy...haven’tbeenconsistent”和But表轉折可知，前文講關于營養和骨骼健康的研究結果也不一致，后文應該講就保持骨骼健康一事大家達成了共識；本段中的“sodoctorsoftenrecommendDsupplements(補充物)tomakeupforage－relatedboneloss”也是提示。]14.Whatcanbeinferredfromtherecentstudy?A.PeoplecanabsorbvitaminDinfoodeasily.B.ThefindingsgoagainstLeBoff’searlierones.C.Dsupplementsplayaminorrolethanexpected.D.Fracturesarelinkedwithweight－bearingexercise.答案C[推理判斷題。根據第三段中的“Butarecentstudyfound...thesesupplementsdonotimprovebonedensity(密度)”可知，最近的研究表明，維生素D補充劑沒能起到預期效果，即減少老年人的骨折率。再根據第四段中的“becausetherearesomanyothernutrients...thanfromDsupplements”可知，還有其他營養物質吸收效果好于維生素D。兩者都明確表明維生素D對保持骨骼的健康而言效果不佳。]15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.RecipesforbetterbonesB.Yourbonescry!C.ThemagicofDsupplementsD.VitaminDwins!答案A[標題歸納題。通讀全文，再根據第四段及第五段可知，本文給人們提供了兩種更好的強健骨骼的方法。故A項作本文的標題最佳。]Ⅱ.七選五Technologyinfluencessocietyinmanyways.Someareobviousandothersmoresubtle(不明顯的).Thosechangesoftencallforchangesinbehavior.__16__.Onemisstepcouldpermanentlydamageyourrelationshipwithothers.Herearesomerulesofetiquette(禮節)thatyoushouldkeepinmind.Setyourphoneonsilent.__17__，especiallywhenyouareinasituationwhereotherpeoplearetryingtopayattention：watchingamovie，readingabook，listeningtoalectureorworking.Soitisnecessarytosetyourphoneonsilent.__18__.Onebenefitoftoday’smobiletechnologyisthatwecanreachanyonewewanttoinaninstant.Gonearethedayswhenwehadtowaituntilsomeonegothomebeforewecouldtalktothem.Butthisconstantconnectednessmeanswehavenoexcusewhenwedon’tkeepsomeoneupdated.Stopplayingwithyourphone.Therearefewthingsmoreannoyingthantryingtoholdaconversationwithsomeonewhoseattentionispartlyonhissmartphone.Itisironicthatsocialmediawasmeanttokeepusallconnected,yetitoftenleadstousbeingdisconnectedfromthereal,physicalrelationshipsaroundus.__19__.Humansaremorevaluablethanelectronics.Issuesofpoortechnologyetiquettealmostalwaysoccurwhenwestarttobelievethatourusageofourdevicesismoreimportantthanhumans.WestareatourphonesfrequentlybecausewethinkthelatestpostsontheInternetmattersmorethanagenuineconversation.__20__，youshouldremember:Technologydoesn’tgiveyoutherighttodevalueanotherperson.A.BetimelyandconsiderateB.KeepyouretiquetteindifferentsituationsC.EtiquettehasneverbeenmoreimportantthannowD.ButifyouareconcernedaboutpropertechnologyetiquetteE.CellphoneinterruptionscanbeannoyingforthosearoundyouF.WhileitiswisetouseyourphoneproperlywithoutignoringpeoplearoundyouG.Pleasestopusingyourphoneinasocialsituationunlessthereisagoodreason【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了在信息時代，我們需要遵循的一些基本的禮儀。16.C[由本段最后一句“這里是一些你應該牢記的禮節規則”可知，本句應介紹禮節的重要性。由此可知，C項符合句意。]17.E[由本段下文的especially一詞，以及列舉的一些情形可知，你需要把手機調到靜音模式，故空格處應填“Cellphoneinterruptionscanbeannoyingforthosearoundyou”。]18.A[由本段最后的轉折句“Butthisconstantconnectednessmeanswehavenoexcusewhenwedon’tkeepsomeoneupdated.”可知，本段的主題句是“Betimelyandconsiderate”。]19.G[由本段主題句“Stopplayingwithyourphone.”可知，本段主要介紹不要在一些場合玩手機，G項總結上文，符合語境。]20.D[結合本段的主題句及空后的內容與句式可知，空格內容與上文形成轉折關系，強調本段主題“人類比電子產品更有價值”，所以選D項。]A篇Para.1：immersiveadj.沉浸式虛擬現實的specificallyadv.特意，專門地Para.3：virtualadj.虛擬的，模擬的Para.5：intermediateadj.中級的，適合中等程度者的n.中級學生bedividedinto被分成……B篇Para.1：trickyadj.難對付的，棘手的Para.2：castv.拋(釣絲)，撒(網)Para.3：profitfrom從……中獲利Para.5：netv.(用網)捕捉timev.為……安排時間C篇Para.1：attachv.把……固定，把……附(在……上)wordbyword逐字逐句地Para.2：fillup填補，裝滿Para.3：absent－mindedlyadv.心不在焉地，茫然地Para.4：humbleadj.謙遜的；卑微的；沒有特別之處的Para.5：hangv.懸掛，(使)掛在墻上，懸浮，下垂D篇Para.1：dominatev.支配，控制，左右confusionn.困惑，不確定Para.2：nutritionn.營養，滋養supplementn.補充(物)培優練(二十四)2025石家莊高中畢業年級質檢二40分鐘Ⅰ.閱讀理解TheNobelPrizehasbeenawardedtowomen60timesbetween1901and2022.Thesewomenhavemadeoutstandingcontributionstotheworldsofmedicine，science,literatureandsoon.Herearefourofthem.DorothyCrowfootHodgkinAward:NobelPrizeinChemistryYear:1964DorothyHodgkinwasaBritishchemistwhoseinterestinresearchbeganwhen,asachild,shereceivedachemistrybookcontainingexperimentswithcrystals(晶體).ShestudiedatOxfordUniversityanddevelopedproteincrystallography,whichadvancedthedevelopmentofX－rays.ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize.GertrudeB.ElionAward:NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineYear:1988GertrudeElionwontheNobelPrizeforherdiscoveriesofimportantprinciplesfordrugtreatment.Elionhadwatchedhergrandfatherdieofcancer,soshedecidedtofightthediseasethroughoutherlife.Elion，togetherwithGeorgeHitchings,withwhomshesharedtheaward,createdasystemfordrugproductionthatreliesheavilyonbiochemistry.ToniMorrisonAward:NobelPrizeinLiteratureYear:1993ToniMorrison,whosebook“Beloved”earnedherthePulitzerPrizeandtheAmericanBookAward,wasthefirstBlackwomantoeverreceivetheNobelPrizeinLiterature.BorninOhio,MorrisonwasawriterwhoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity.ShetaughtwritingandservedasanhonoraryprofessoratPrincetonUniversity.EstherDufloAward:NobelPrizeinEconomicsYear:2019EstherDuflosharedherprizewithherresearchcolleaguesMichaelKremerandAbhijitBanerjee,whoisherhusband.DuflohasspentmuchofhercareerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,wheresheearnedherdoctoratedegreein1999.DufloandherpartnerswereawardedtheNobelPrizefortheirapproachtofightingpovertyaroundtheworld.【語篇解讀】本文是應用文，介紹了四位曾獲得諾貝爾獎的女性。1.WhatwonDorothyCrowfootHodgkintheNobelPrize?A.Herbookaboutcrystals.B.HercontributiontoX－raydevelopment.C.Herresearchonmedicine.D.Herdiscoveryofanewproteincrystal.答案B[細節理解題。根據DorothyCrowfootHodgkin部分的“ShestudiedatOxfordUniversity...ThisearnedhertheNobelPrize”可知，DorothyCrowfootHodgkin對X射線的發展的貢獻為她贏得了諾貝爾獎。]2.WhatdoToniMorrison’sbooksmainlyfocuson?A.Educationalissues.B.Communityservice.C.Writingtechniques.D.BlackAmericans’life.答案D[細節理解題。根據ToniMorrison部分的“whoseworksaremostlyaboutlifeintheBlackcommunity”可知，ToniMorrison的作品主要是關于黑人社區的生活。由此可知，ToniMorrison的書主要講美國黑人生活。]3.WhatdoGertrudeB.ElionandEstherDuflohaveincommon?A.TheywontheNobelPrizeinthesameyear.B.Theydevotedthemselvestofightingdiseases.C.TheysharedtheNobelPrizewithothers.D.Theycommittedthemselvestothemedicalfields.答案C[細節理解題。根據Gertrude B.Elion部分的“soshedecidedtofightthedisease...withwhomshesharedtheaward”和EstherDuflo部分的“EstherDuflosharedherprizewith...whoisherhusband”可知，Gertrude B.Elion和EstherDuflo的相似之處是她們和其他人一起獲得了諾貝爾獎。]Everyholidayseason,PatriciaGallagherfillshercarwithstuffedanimalsanddrivesaroundPhiladelphia.Shegivesthemnottokidsbuttoseniors.Patricia’sholidaytraditionstartedin2009.“IjustgotthisideaofcallingtwonursinghomesatrandomandaskingifIcouldcomeandreadbooksonNewYear’sday，”shesaid.Shebroughtsomeofherkids’stuffedanimalsfortheseniorstoholdwhilesheread.“ButwhenIwenttogatherthemandtakethembacktogotothenextnursinghome,nobodywantedtogiveuptheirstuffedanimals，”sheadded.Itwasthenandtherethatsherealizedthepowerofasimpleholidaygift.Patriciawantedtocontinuehertraditionofgiving，sosheputanadonline,askingforgentlyusedstuffedanimals.Inherfirsttwoyearsofcollecting,shereceivedmorethan11，000donatedstuffedanimals.Shesaidsometimeslocalschoolswouldholdstuffedanimalcollectionsonherbehalf,orachildwhooutgrewtheirtoyswoulddonate.Afterreceivingtoomany,Patriciastartedcappinghowmanyshewouldcollectatatime,andsaidshecouldonlytakeinabout250stuffedanimalseachweekduringtheholidayseason.Then,shetookthemtonursinghomes.“Theelderlywantstuffedanimalsnotonlyforcomfort,butalsobecausetheywereconversationstartersandremindedthemoftheirchildhood，”shesaid.Andsherecalledonemansaid,“Youknow,Ineverwantedtogotoschool.AndmyfathersaidifIwouldgothatday,hewouldtakemetotheBrooklynZoo.Andyouknowwhat?ThatwasthefirstanimalIsawthereanditlookedjustlikethisgiraffe.”Spreadingjoyisn’tjustaholidaypastimeforPatricia.Sheisalsoknownasthe“HappyFlowerLady”aroundPhiladelphia,becauseshecollectsoldflowersfromstoresandgivesthemtoanyonewhoneedsapick－me－up.“Whenyougive,youreallydogetmoreback，”Patriciasaid.“Everymorning,whetherit’stheflowersorthestuffedanimals,Ihaveapurpose.”【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。PatriciaGallagher收集毛絨玩具，送給養老院的老人。她還從商店里收集舊花送給需要提神的人。4.WhydidPatriciagotothenursinghomesin2009?A.Tosendgiftstotheseniors.B.Toreadstoriestotheelderly.C.Togetoverherloneliness.D.Togetridofherkids’toys.答案B[細節理解題。根據第二段PatriciaGallagher的話“Ijustgotthisidea...onNewYear’sday”可知，PatriciaGallagher有了個主意，想隨便給兩家養老院打電話，問問她能不能在新年那天去給老人們讀書。由此可知，2009年Patricia去養老院的目的是給老人們讀書。]5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“capping”inparagraph3mean?A.Limiting. B.Recording.C.Identifying. D.Doubling.答案A[詞義猜測題。根據第三段畫線詞后的內容“shecouldonlytakeinabout250stuffedanimalseachweekduringtheholidayseason”可知，在收到太多毛絨玩具后，Patricia開始限制每次收集的毛絨玩具的數量。故畫線詞的意思是“限制”，與A項意義一致。]6.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Seniorslovegoodolddays.B.Cuteanimalshavehealingeffectsonseniors.C.Givingmakesseniorshappy.D.Stuffedanimalshavemorethanonefunction.答案D[推理判斷題。根據第四段中的“Theelderlywantstuffedanimalsnotonlyforcomfort，butalsobecausetheywereconversationstarters”可知，老年人想要毛絨玩具不僅是為了得到安慰，而且還因為它們能成為聊天的話題并讓他們回憶起童年。由此可知，毛絨玩具有不止一種功能。]7.WhatdoesPatriciathinkofhergivingexperiences?A.Rewarding. B.Entertaining.C.Timely. D.Tough.答案A[觀點態度題。根據最后一段Patricia說的話“Whenyougive，youreallydogetmoreback”可知，當付出的時候，真的會得到更多的回報。由此可知，Patricia認為她的捐贈經歷是有意義的。故選A項。entertaining“有趣的”；timely“及時的”；tough“艱難的”。]Anewstudysuggestsclassicpaintingsbywell－knownartistsJosephMallordWilliamTurnerandClaudeMonetmayhavebeeninfluencedbyairpollutionduringtheIndustrialRevolution.Thestudy,publishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbyauthorsfromHarvardUniversityandSorbonneUniversity,analyzed60oilpaintingsbyTurnerfrom1796to1850and38paintingsbyMonetfrom1864to1901.Scientistsdon’tknowexactlyhowpollutedthecitieswereduringthattimeforlackofdata.However，researcherssayexaminingtheworksofTurnerandMonetcangiveapictureoflong－termenvironmentalchangewiththeairpollution.Inparticular,researcherssaychangesinlocalsulfurdioxide(二氧化硫)emissionsfromburningcoalmayexplainchangesinthecolourcontrastandintensityofTurner’s,Monet’s,andothers’works,evenaftertakingtheartistictrendsandsubjectmatterofthetimeintoaccount.Scientistssuccessfullymeasuredpainters’representationofnature,focusingondifferencesinlocalweatherpatternswhichinfluencedcolourinworkspaintedindifferentpartsofEurope.PaintingsdoneinBritaingenerallyfeatureapalerblueskythanotherworksinotherpartsofthecontinent.Generally,artistscanhistoricallyaccuratelyrepresenttheirenvironment,soTurnerandMonetwerechosenbecausetheyarefamousfortheirlandscapeandcityscapepaintingsandalsobecausetheywereactiveduringtheIndustrialRevolution，whenairpollutiongrewatarateneverseenbefore.Additionally,researcherssaythatastheairinLondonandParisbecamemorepolluted,thecitieswouldappearhaziertotheeyesaswellasinphotographs.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonettopicturesfromtheera,theywereabletodeterminetheartistswereatleastpartlyinfluencedbythechangeinemissions.【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。研究人員表示，通過研究特納和莫奈的作品可以了解空氣污染帶來的長期環境變化。8.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byreferringtorelevanthistoricalrecords.B.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonet.C.Byrelatingthepaintingstotheairconditionsthen.D.ByanalyzingthedataduringtheIndustrialRevolution.答案C[細節理解題。根據第三段中的“However，researcherssayexaminingtheworks...withtheairpollution”可知，研究人員表示，通過研究特納和莫奈的作品，可以了解空氣污染帶來的長期環境變化。由此可知，研究者是通過將繪畫與當時的空氣條件聯系起來做這個研究的。]9.WhatdidtheresearchersfindintheworksofTurnerandMonet?A.Airpollutionatthattime.B.Changeinsubjectmatter.C.Socialtrendsoftheperiod.D.Developmentofphotography.答案A[推理判斷題。根據第五段中的“Generally，artistscan...neverseenbefore”可知，藝術家可以準確地描繪他們所處的環境，所以特納和莫奈被選中，因為他們以鄉村風景畫和城市風光畫而聞名，他們活躍在工業革命時期，而當時空氣污染以前所未有的速度加劇。由此再結合第一段內容可推知，研究人員在特納和莫奈的作品中發現了當時的空氣污染狀況。]10.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph5?A.Europeanartistspreferredlandscapepaintings.B.Scientistsfocusedonstudyingweatherpatterns.C.TurnerandMonetintendedtopresentpollution.D.BritainsufferedfromairpollutionmostinEurope.答案D[推理判斷題。根據第五段前兩句的內容可知，科學家們已經成功測量了畫家對自然的描繪，重點關注了影響歐洲不同地區的畫作中的色彩的當地天氣模式的差異。在英國創作的畫作中，天空的藍色通常比歐洲其他地區的畫作要淡一些。由此可推知，英國在歐洲遭受空氣污染最嚴重。]11.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toinformpeopleofanewdiscovery.B.Toinstructpeopletoappreciatepaintings.C.TointroducetheIndustrialRevolution.D.Tocallonpeopletoprotecttheenvironment.答案A[寫作意圖題。瀏覽全文可知，本文主要講述了研究人員通過研究特納和莫奈的作品來了解空氣污染帶來的長期環境變化。故作者寫作本文旨在告訴我們一個研究的新發現。]Manyownersofelectriccarshavewishedforabatterypackthatcouldpowertheirvehicleformorethanathousandmilesonasinglecharge.Researchershavedevelopedalithium－airbatterythatcouldmakethatdreamareality.Thenewbatterydesigncouldalsoonedaypowerairplanesandtrucks.Themainnewcomponentinthislithium－airbatteryisasolidelectrolyte(電解質)insteadoftheusualliquidvariety.Batterieswithsolidelectrolytesarenotsubjecttosafetyproblemswiththeliquidelectrolytesusedinlithium－ionandotherbatterytypes,whichcanoverheatandcatchfire.Moreimportantly,thesolidelectrolytecanpotentiallyboosttheenergyfourtimes,whichtranslatesintolongerdrivingrange.Foroveradecade,scientistshavebeenworkingovertimetodevelopalithium(鋰)batterythatmakesuseoftheoxygeninair.Thelithium－airbatteryhasthehighestenergyofanybatterytechnologybeingconsideredforthenextgenerationofbatteriesbeyondlithium－ion.Thenewsolidelectrolyteiscomposedofamaterialmadefromrelativelyinexpensiveelements,comparedwiththepastdesigns.Besides,thechemicalreactioninlithium－iononlyinvolvesoneortwoelectronsstoredperoxygenmolecule(分子),whilethatforthelithium－airbatteryinvolvesfourelectrons.Moreelectronsstoredmeanshigherenergy.Thenewdesignisthefirstlithium－airbatterythathasachievedafour－electronreactionatroomtemperature.Italsooperateswithoxygensuppliedbyairfromthesurroundingenvironment.Thecapabilitytorunwithairavoidstheneedforoxygentankstooperate,aproblemwithearlierdesigns.“Withfurtherdevelopment,weexpectournewdesignforthelithium－airbatterytoreacharecordof1，200watt－hoursperkilogram，”saidCurtiss,aresearcher.“Thatisnearlyfourtimesbetterthanlithium－ionbatteries.”【語篇解讀】本文是說明文，主要介紹了研究人員已經開發出一種鋰空氣電池，可以有朝一日為飛機和卡車提供動力。12.Whatcontributesmosttothelithium－airbattery?A.Lithium－ion.B.Oxygenmolecules.C.Solide