專題11閱讀理解（記敘文）

考情聚焦

課標要求

近三年全國中考針對記敘文的考察除了事實細節題的考察外，對于主旨大意題的考察也是很搶眼的一部分，

尤其是最合適的題目，以及文章的主要內容或者寫作用途，以及文章出處等，都是考點增加趨勢。

考點

1.話題分類；

2.事實細節和主旨大意題；

3.關鍵詞的把握；

考向

考向一：閱讀理解體裁分類

1.（2024年云南中考真題）

根據短文內容，判斷正誤（正確“T"，錯誤“F”）。

Everyoneshouldbeproudofwhotheyare.Whatmakesyouwhoyouare?Partofwhoyouarecomesfromthepast.

Itcomesfromthecultureofyourparents,grandparents,andpeoplebeforethem.Itcomesfromtheartyousee,the

storiesandmusicyouhear,andthetraditionsyoushare.

TraditionalChinesepaintingisoneoftheoldestartformsintheworld.Itusuallyshnatureandlife,Itmainly

includesthreekinds:landscapes（山水），flowersandbirds,asthehighestformofChinesepaintingoTraditional

Chinesefolkstoriesarepartofourhistory.TheyusuallycarrysomeinformationaboutChinesebeliefs（信念）and

traditions.ManytraditionalfolkstoriessuchasYuGongMovestheMountains,HouYiShoottheSuns,Chang'e

FliestotheMoon,arepasseddownfromonegenerationtothenext.Peopletellthesestoriesteach,toremember

andjusttopasstheTraditionalChinesemusicisatreasureoftheChinesenation.Itisamedium（媒介）forthe

ancientpeopletoexpresstheirfeelings,experiencesandthoughtsandisstillmuchlovedbypeoplesofar.

Dragonboatshaveahistoryofmoretan2,000years,DragonboatracingisapopulartraditioninChina.

Racersmustworktogethertowin,Todaydragonboatracinghasbecomeamodernworldsport.

1.PeopleregardthepaintingofflowersandbirdsasthehighestformofChinesepainting

2.TraditionalChinesefolkstoriescangiveussomeinformationaboutChinesebeliefsandtraditions

3.TheancientChinesecanexpresstheirfeelings,experiencesandthoughtsthroughtraditionalChinesemusic

4.Teamworkisveryimportantinadragonboatracing

5.ThepassagemainlytalksabouttraditionalChinesefestivals

【答案】l.F2.T3.T4.T5.F

【解析】

【導語】本文主要介紹中國古代的一些文化。

[1題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“LandscapepaintingisseenasthehighestformofChinesepainting.v可知，山水畫被視為中

國畫的最高形式，而不是花鳥畫。故選F

[2題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“TraditionalChinesefolkstoriesarepartofourhistory.Theyusuallycarrysome

informationaboutChinesebeliefs（信念）andtraditions”可知，山水畫被視為中國畫的最高形式，中國傳統民間

故事是我們歷史的一部分，它們通常帶有一些關于中國信仰和傳統的信息。故選T。

【3題詳解】

細節理解題。根據uTraditionalChinesemusicisatreasureoftheChinesenation.Itisamedium（媒介）for細節

理解題。根據"TraditionalChinesemusicisatreasureoftheChinesenation.Itisamedium（媒介）fortheancient

peopletoexpresstheirfeelings,experiencesandthoughts”可知，中國傳統音樂是古人表達感情、經歷和思想的

媒介，故選To

[4題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Racersmustworktogethertowin”可知，選手們必須齊心協力才能獲得賽龍舟的勝利。

故選T。

[5題詳解】

主旨大意題。本文主要介紹中國古代的一些文化，而不是節日，故選F.

中考新考法

根據短文內容，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項

Monet'sGardens

FollowinMonet'sfootstepsandenjoyyourselvesinMonetsGardens.Hereissomeusefulinformationabout

planningavisittoMonetsGardens.

Onlineticketing

Ticketscanbeboughtonline.SalestartsfromSunday,May12th,2024

Openingtimes

MonetsGardensareopeneverydayfiromMarch29th,2024toNovember1st,2024.

from9:30amto6:00pm.Thelatestentry（進入）is5:30pm.

Prices

Adults:11€

Childrenover7andstudents:€6.50

Childrenunder7:free

Safety

Petsarenotallowed.

Picnic,painting,anddrawingarenotallowed

Bagsoverthesizeof55cmx35cmx20cmarenotallowed.

6.WhencanpeoplebegintobuyticketstoMonet'sGardensonline?

A.OnMay1st,2024.

C.OnMarch29th,2024.

B.OnMay12th,2024.

D.OnNovember1st,2024

7.HowmanyhoursareMonet'sGardensopeneveryday?

A.6.5hours.

B.7.5hours.

C.8.5hours.

D.9.5hours

8.IfMr.LeeandMrs.Leewiththeir6-year-oldsonvisitMonet*sGardens,howmuchshouldtheypay?

A.€ll.

B.€17.50.

C.€22.

D.€28.50.

9.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

A.YoucantakepetsintoMonet'sGardens.

B.Youcan'thaveapicnicinMonet*sGardens

C.Youcantakeabagoverthesizeof55cmx35cmx20cm.

D.Youcan'tenterMonetsGardensat5:00pmonopeningdays

10.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A.TolistthereasonsforvisitingMonet'sGardens

B.TointroducedifferentactivitiesinMonetsGardens

C.TocomparedifferentpricesofvisitingMonetsGardens

D.TogivesomeinformationaboutvisitingMonetsGardens

【答案】6.B7.C8.C9.B10.D.

【解析】

【導語】本文主要提供一些參觀莫奈花園的信息

【6題詳解】

細節理解題。根據uTicketscanbeboughtonline.SalestartsfromSunday,May12th,

出售從2024年5月12日開始。故選B?

[7題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“from9:30amto6:00pm.”可知，開放時長8.5小時，故選C。

[8題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"Adults:€11"和"Childrenunder7:free”可知，成人票€11,7歲以下兒童免費，所以

李先生和李先生太太帶著他們6歲的兒子參觀莫奈花園應該付11+11+0-22=故選Co

[9題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"Picnic,painting,anddrawingarenotallowed."可知，禁止野餐、繪畫和素描。故選B

[10題詳解】

主旨大意題。本文主要提供一些參觀莫奈花園的信息，故選D。

新題特訓

1.LiuLinghasbeenateacherforhearing-impaired（聽力受損的）childrenfor33years.Herfirstcommunication

withhearing-impairedpeoplewaswithherneighbor,Mrs.Wang.Oneday,whenLiuwasplayinginherhouse,

Wangusedsignlanguage（手語）tocommunicatewithher.ButLiucouldn'tunderstand.Wang*shusbandtoldLiu

thatMrs.Wangwantedtomakeherascarf.

“Iwasmovedbyherkindness,andthoughtitwouldbegreatifshecouldspeak,"Liusaid,“soIdecidedto

becomeateacherforhearing-impairedstudents.,Atfirst,Liualmostgaveupbecauseofdifficulties.Shethen

thoughtaboutherneighborandthepainonhead.Liusticktoherdreamshewastryingtosay.

facewhenshecouldnotmakepeopleunderstandwhatshewastryingtosay.ThatmadeLiusticktoherdream

（beinga“'specialeducation"teacherandshesucceeded.Althoughshewasonly18atthattime,sheregardedthe

studentsasherchildren.Everyday,shespentmuctimeteachingthemtospeak.Oneofherstudents,JiangYan,said

Liuwouldshowover100timeshowtospeakjustoneword.Shealsotaughtthestudentshowtowashtheirface

andclothes,andcliptheirnails（剪指甲）.

LiuLingputlotsofeffortstohelpthemlivebetter,too.Withherhelpandencouragement,anotherstudentLiuHan

xiangcouldcommunicatenormallywithothers.LiuHanxianglearneddancingandisamemherofanartgroup

now.

ThankstoLiu'sdevotion（奉獻），morethan20studentshavereceivedhighereducation."Whenevertheytriedto

say'mom'or'dad'forthefirsttime,Ifeltitwasthesweetestsoundintheworld?LiuLingsaid,WhydidLiu

11.Lingdecidetobecomeateacherof“specialeducation”?

A.Becauseshewasinterestedinsignlanguage.

B.Becauseshewantedtobeasuccessfulteachet

C.Becauseshewasmovedbyherneighbor'skindness

D.BecauseshewantedtohelpWang*shusbandtospeak

12.WhatdidLiuLingteachherstudentstodoaccordingtoparagraph4?

a.Speak,b.Learnart.c.Clipnails.d.Washfaceandclothes.

A.a,b,c.

B.a,b,d.

C.b,c,d.

D.a,c,d.

13.Whatcanweknowfromthetext?

A.JiangYandanceswellandisamemberofanartgroupnow

B.LiuHanxiangadvisedLiuLinglitocommunicatewithothers.

C.LiuLingmakesgreateffortstohelpherstudentstolivebetter.

D.Lessthan20ofLiuLingli'sstudentshavegothighereducation

14.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLiuLing?

A.Devoted.B.Honest.C.QuietD.Lucky

15.Inwhichpartofanewspapercanyouprobablyreadthetext?

A.people.B.SciencetC.Sports.D.Travel.

【答案】U.C12.D13.C14.A15.A

【解析】

【導語】本文主要介紹聽障兒童教師劉玲的事跡。

[11題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Iwasmovedbyherkindness,andthoughtitwouldbegreatifshecouldspeak...so1decidedto

becomeateacherforhearing-impairedstudents.可知，劉玲被鄰居的善良感動了，所以想成為，名“特殊

教育”教師。故選Co

[12題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Everyday,shespentmuchtimeteachingthemtospeak...healsotaughtthestudentshowtwash

theirfaceandclothes,andcliptheirnails（剪指甲）可知，劉玲教學生們說話，洗臉,洗衣服，剪指甲。故選

Do

[13題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“LiuLingputlotsofeffortstohelpthemlivebetter,too.可知，劉玲涮付出了很多努力來

幫助他們生活得更好。故選Co

[14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據“ThankstoLiu*sdevotion（奉獻）,morethan20studentshavereceivedhighereducation.可

知，劉玲是一個有奉獻精神的人，故選Ao

【15題詳解】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹聽障兒童教師劉玲的事跡，所以推測可能在人物版塊看到這篇文

章，故選A.

2.閱讀下面的材料，從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項

SaraandJackhelpedtheirmotherandfatherworkonthefarm.Theygotfoodanddrinkfromthefarm.

Saragotwaterfromthestream.Jackgoteggsfromthehens.Saragotapplesfromthetrees.Jackgotcomfromthe

field.Saragotmilkfromthecow.AfterSaraandJackworked,theywentintothehouse

Whenitgotdarkatnight:hadlight,ThenMothertoldthefamilysomenews.

'Thereisanewfoodcalledicecream,"Mothersaid."Butsomepeoplecallitcreamice."Thewholefamilysmiled.

Thefamilythoughtthatcreamicewasafunnynameforafood,“'Canwetrysomeicecream,Mother?"askedJack

,Weneediceandmilktomakeit,"saidMother.nWehavetowaituntilwinterwhenitsnows.Thenwewillgetice.

SaraandJackcouldn'twaituntilwintersothattheycouldtryicecream

16.WheredidSaraandJackhelptheirmotherandfatherwork?

A.InthehotelB.Onthefarm.C.Inthecinema.D.Onthetrain.

17.WheredidSaragetwater?

A.Fromthecow.B.Fromthefield.

C.FromthestreamD.Fromthetrees

18.Whenthehousehadlight,Mothertothefamily.

A.showedsomephotos

B.sangsomesongse

C.readsomepoems

D.toldsomenews

19.Whatdidthefamilythinkofthenameofcreamice?

A.ItwasfunnyB.Itwaseasy.

C.Itwashelpful.D.Itwascommon.

20.Whatdidtheyneedtomakeicecream?

A.Sugarandeggs.B.IceandmilkC.Applesandcorn.D.Milkandmeat.

【答案】16.B17.C18.D19.A20.B

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，文章講述了薩拉和杰克在農場幫助父母工作的情況，以及他們對新食物冰淇

淋的期待。

[16題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"SaraandJackhelpedtheirmotherandfatherworkonthefarm."可知，薩拉和杰克在農場

幫助他們的父母工作。故選Bo

[17題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"Saragotwaterfromthestream."可知，薩拉從小溪中獲取水。故選C.

[18題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"Whenitgotdarkatnight...ThenMothertoldthefamilysomenews.”可知，當房子有光時,

母親告訴了家人們一些消息。故選D。

[19題詳解】

細節理解題。根據^Thefamilythoughtthatcreamicewasafunnynameforafood.??可知，家人們認為冰淇淋

這個名字很有趣。故選Ao

[20題詳解】

細節理解題。根據WeneediceandmilktomakeIC可知，制作冰淇淋需要冰和牛奶。故選B.

3.LastJuly,myfamilytookaholidayinavillage.Westayedthereforfivedaysandenjoyedourselveseveryday.

However,whenwewenthomebytrain,my6-year-oldsonfoundhisfavoriteballwaslost.Theballwasagiftfrom

hisbestfriend,soIknewwhatitmeanttohim.Icalledthehotelwhichwestayedin,buttheysaid,“Sorry.Noone

hasfoundalostballhere."Mysonwasverysad.

Oneweeklater,wereceivedaboxfromthehotel.Mysoncouldn'twaittoopenit.Hewasveryhappytoseehis

ballinthebox.Iwasgladthatthehotelhelpedusfindtheballintheend

根據語篇內容，判斷下列句子正誤，正確的填“T"，錯誤的填“F”。

21.MyfamilytookaholidayinavillagelastJuly.

22.Myson*sfavoriteballwasagiftfromhisteacher

23.Wereceivedaboxfromthehoteloneweeklater

24.Mysonwasveryhappytoseehisballinthebox.

25.1wasgladthat1foundtheballbymyselfintheend

【答案】21.T22.F23.T24.T25.F

【解析】【導語】本文作者介紹去年七月跟家人去村莊度假的經歷。

[21題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“LastJuly,myfamilytookaholidayinavillage.”可知，去年七月，我們全家去一個村莊度假。

故選T。

[22題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Theballwasagitfh)mhisbestfhend”可知，這個球是他最好的朋友送他的禮物，而不是

老師送的，故選F。

【23題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Oneweeklater,wereceivedaboxftomthehotel.""可知，一個星期后，我們從旅館收到了一

個箱子。故選T。

【24題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Hewasveryhappytoseehisballinthebox.”可知，他很高興看到他的球在盒子里。故選T。

【25題詳解】細節理解題。根據“Iwasgladthatthehotelhelpedusfindtheballintheend."可知，我很高興酒

店最后幫我們找到了球，而不是我自己找到的。故選F。

4.Bettylivedinasmalltown.Beautifulflowerswereseeneverywhereinthetown.Becauseoftheshyness.Betty

juststoodwithfewwordsinpublic.Theshygirlhardlytalkedtopeopleinsocialactivities.Shewasoften

consideredasaguietgirlinthecommunity.Shefeltlikeawallflowerandwonderedifshewouldgounnoticedall

thetime.

However,herclosestfriend.Fiona,wascompletelydifferent.Fionalovedtocommunicatewithothersand

encouragedBettytochange.ShetoldBettythatlifewasn'talwaysasbeautifulasroseandeveryonewasableto

makeitfullofroses.

WiththeencouragementofFiona,Bettybegantochange.Insteadofbeingawallflower,shestartedattendinga

communitytheaterclass.Shetookanactivepartinactinginthetheatergroup.Hergiftforactingbegantoshine.

However,newdifficultieswereneverfaraway.OneofBetty'sfriendsbecameathroninherside.Theclassmate

wasnotsatisfiedwithherachievements,butBettymanagedtoshowherselfandbecamefiriendswiththeclassmate.

Allthechangesmadeherfeelfresheveryday.

Betty*shardworkpaidoffwhenthetown'sfamousdirector,Mr.Johnson,watchedoneofherplays.Heliked

heractingsomuchthatheofferedhertheleadroleinhisnewplay.Betty'smomentarrived.Peoplewerehappyto

watchhershow.

Finally,Bettybecameaconfident（自信的）girl.Herchangewaslikeabeautifulroseinfullflower.She

encounteredmanydifficultieswhichtaughtherthatthere*snorosewithoutathorn.Butthosethornshelpedher

developherabilities.Bettyproved（iE明）thatpersonalchangeswerepossibleforanyone.

根據語篇內容，選擇最佳選項。

36.WhydidBettystandwithfewwordsinpublic?

A.Becauseshewasshy.

B.Becauseshewasgreat

C.Becauseshewastidy

37.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Betty'sencouragement..

B.Betty*schanges.

C.Betty'sgiftforacting.

38.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromParagraph4?

A.Johnsonwasgoodatwriting

B.Directorsoftenactinplays.

CBettydidwellinhershow!

39.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“encountered'"probablymeaninParagraph5?

A.Gave.

B.Met.

C.Forgot.

40.WhatdoesBetty'sstorytellus?

A.Themorechangeswemake,themoreconfidentweare.

B.Friendshipmakesitpossibleforeveryonetochange.

C.It*spossibleforeveryonetomakeachange

【答案】36.A37,B38C39.B40.C

【解析】

【導語】本文主要介紹了貝蒂從害羞到變得自信的經歷，告訴我們:改變對任何人來說都是可能的.

【36題詳解】

細節理解題。根據"Becauseoftheshyness,Bettyjuststoodwithfewwordsinpublic.”可知，是因為害羞。故選

Ao

[37題詳解】段落大意題。根據第三段“WiththeencouragementofFiona,Bettybegantochange...11thechanges

madeherfeelfresheveryday.”可知，本段主要介紹了她的變化，故選B。

[38題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據第四段“Betty'shardworkpaidoffwhenthetown*sfamousdirector,Mr.Johnson,watchedoneof

herplays.Helikedheractingsomuchthatheofferedhertheleadroleinhisnewplay.”可知，貝蒂在她的表演中

表現得很好。故選Co

[39題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據“Herchangewaslikeabeautifulroseinfiullflowe匚Sheencounteredmanydificulties

whicltaughtherthatthere*snorosewithoutathorn.Butthosethornshelpedherdevelopherabilities”可知，應是她

遇到了很多困難，劃線單詞表示“遇見"，與met同義。故選Bo

[40題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據“Bettyproved（證明）thatpersonalchangeswerepossibleforanyone.”可知，她的故事告訴我

們每個人都有可能做出改變。故選C。

5.Bill:(reading)t4Whitelikejade,brightasamirror,thinaspaper,soundlikeabell/

Mom:IsthatforyourChinesestorycompetition?

Bill:Yes.Itdescribesporcelain(瓷器)inJingdezhen,the'"PorcelainCapitaloftheWorld".Youknowporcelainis

calledchinainEnglishbecauseitwasfirstmadeinChina!

Mom:Interesting!

Bill:ManycitiesinChinahavealonghistoryofporcelainindustry.Theyhavecreatedwonderfulporcelai

pieces.

Mom:LikeRongchang?Wemadeabowlintheworkshop.

Bill:(smiling)Lotsoffun.Butthat*spottery(陶器).RongchangiscalledthwithYixing,Jianshui,andQinzhou.

Chinesepotteryhasaverylonghistory.PorcelaindeMom:Anydifferences?

Bill:Er..(searchingonline)Theclay(粘士)isdifferent.Andporcelainisfiredatatemperatureabovel,200℃;

potterybelowl,000,oC.Mom:Buttheylooksosimilar.

Bill:Theyarecalled"Taoci“inChinese.Butporcelainfeelsharderandproducesaclearsound

Mom:(tappingavase)Likethis?

Bill:(nodding)It*sblueandwhiteporcelain,oneofthefourfamoustypesinJingdezhen,togetherwithlinglong

porcelain,familleroseporcelainandcolor-glazedporcelain.

Mom:Anyothers?

Bill:Manywell-knowntypesthere,andalsoinothercities,likeDehuanearancientQuanzhou.

Mom:TheSilkRoadonthesea?

Bill:Yes.DehuaporcelainwasmainlycollectedbyEuropeansatthattime.AlongwithChina'ssilkandtea.

porcelainwasoneofthefirstgoodstravelingaroundtheworld.

Mom:Chineseporcelainhasdeeplyinfluencedtheworldporcelainindustry!

Bill:Thisisalsoinmystory.AndI'mthinkingaboutwhatelse1cantalkabout.

Mom:HowaboutsomeChineseartists?Theycreatepricelessworksandhavestudentsfromallovertheworld.One

ofthemsaid,"Colorisuniversal.Thereisnobarrierbetweenculturalcommunications.?

Bill:Yes!Forculturalcommunication,thereisnobarrier,forChineseculture,1willbeacarrier!

Mom:Excellent!

Bill:Thankyou,Mom.HowcanIknowthatmuchlikeyou?There*sstillsomethingunclear.

Mom:Visitingaporcelainmuseum?

Bill:Goodidea!

41.WhatwillBillmainlytalkaboutinhisChinesestorycompetition?

A.Chinesecities.

C.Chinesepottery.

B.Chinesehistory!

D.Chineseporcelain

42.Whatcanwelearnaboutporcelainandpottery?

A.Porcelainfeelsmuchsofterthanpottery.

B.Porcelainisfiredatatemperatureabove1,200'C

C.Potteryhasamuchshorterhistorythanporcelain

D.Potteryandporcelainusethesamekindofclay.

43.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"This"referto?

A.AfamousChineseartist.

C.TheSilkRoadonthesea.

B.DehuanearancientQuanzhou.

D.TheinfluenceofChineseporcelain

44.WhyisBill'smotheralwaysaskingquestions?

A.Becausesheknowsnothingatall.

B.Becauseshewantstobeanartist.

C.Becausesheisencouragingherson.

D.Becausesheisinterestedinherbowl.

【答案】41.D42.B43.D44.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是Bil和媽媽介紹中國的陶瓷文化。

[41題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Mom:IsthatforyourChinesestorycompetition?Bill:Yes.Itdescribesporcelain（瓷器）in

Jingdezhen”可知Bil在中國故事比賽中要介紹中國瓷器。故選D。

【42題詳解】

細節理解題。根據“Andporcelainisfiredatatemperatureabovel,200,℃;potterybelowl,000℃.”可知瓷器的

燒制溫度是1200度以上。故選Bo

【43題詳解】

詞義推斷題。根據"Chineseporcelainhasdeeplyinfluencedtheworldporcelainindustry.”可知止匕處This指上

一句中中國瓷器對世界的影響。故選D。

【44題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據"Bill:Thankyou,Mom.HowcanIknowthatmuchlikeyou?There'sstillsomething

uncleaMom:Visitingaporcelainmuseum?”可知媽媽總是提問是想鼓勵兒子去了解更多，最后建議他去博物館。

故選Co

6.StandingonthebeachofCopacabana,IcometorealizethatanyunderstandingofBrazilreallybeginsonits

beaches.Everyoneherehashisorherperfectbeachandisreadytotellyouwheretofindit.I'mhappytotake

people'sadvice,butmyfinalgoalistofindmyowndreambeach.

IheadtoBahia,aplacewithBrazil'sbestcoastline.Overthecenturies,peopleofmanyraceshavearrived

here,creatingawonderfulculturalmix,ThismixinfluencesBahia'slanguage,food,music,anddance.

OnarrivingatoneofBahia'sbestbeaches,--Prainha,Idiscoveritsgoldensandlinedbyarowofperfect

trees,movingsoftlyintheoceanwind.AsIenterthewater,Ihavethefeelingofswimmingthroughmoonlight.

Prainha'sbeautyislikesomethingyoumightseeinapostcard.Butforme,it'salittletooperfect.

_____?_

Icontiunemysearch,headingnorthtoMaccio,theislandsofFernadodeNor