【人教版高中英語】（新人教版）選修二Unit4知識清單及單元自測

一、詞匯派生

1.pleasevt.&vi.（使..）高興；（使....）滿意

一pleasantadj.令人愉快的；友好的

—pleasedadj.欣喜的；高興的；愉快的

一pleasuren.高興（的事）

2.1iteraladj.照字面的；原義的

一literallyadv.字面上；真正地

3.breathn.呼吸的空氣

一breathlessadj.氣喘吁吁的；屏息的

一■breathev.呼吸

4.freezevi.&vt.（froze,frozen）結冰；（使）凍住

一?fireezingadj極冷的；冰凍的；嚴寒的

-^-frozenadj.冷凍的;冷藏的

—>freezern.冰柜;冷凍室

5.anticipatevt.預料;預見；期望

一anticipationn.預期；期盼

6.duringprep.在.的期間；在....的時候

一durationn.持續時間；期間

二、一詞多義

1.arisevi.

?Seeinghismotherreturnhome,theboyarosefromhischairimmediately.（vi.

起身）

②Newproblemswillariseoneafteranotherinfuture.（vi.出現

③Theyaroseatsunrisetogetanearlystarttothepark.（vi.起床）

2.highlightn.vt.

①Hlshowyouthehighlightsoftheevent.（n.最好或最精彩的部分）

②Thesefiguresclearlyhighlightthedifferenceinworldlivingstandards.（vt.突

出）

?Featuredadsareplacedtopmostineachcategoryandareshownhighlighted.（vt.

使醒目）

3.drillvi.&vt.n.

①Heusedadrilltoboreaholeinthedoor.（n.鉆（頭））

②Thedentistdrilledmytooth.（vt.鉆（孔）；打（眼））

③Thesoldiershavedrilleveryday.（n.訓練）

4.thundervi.n.

?Therewasaloudcrashofthunderandlargedropsofrainstartedfalling.（n.雷

聲）

②Hebowedtothethunderofapplausefromtheaudience.（n.轟隆聲）

（3）Itthundered,butnorainfell.（vi.打雷）

④Thegunsthunderedinthedistance.（vi.轟隆隆地響）

5.frostn.vt.

①Thefieldshavefrostedupinthiswintrymorning.（vi.結霜）

②Thecoldhasfrostedthewindows.（vt.使蒙上霜）

（3）Thecarwindowswerecoveredwithforst.（n.霜；霜凍）

三.知識要點

1.arisevi.（arose,arisen）起身；出現；由...引起

Duringthenightagreatstormhasarisen.

夜里來了一場大風暴。

Heformedapictureofhisfuturethatarosebrightandcolourfulinhismind.

他腦海中浮現出一幅光明燦爛的未來景象。

［翻譯］目前的爭執是由父母的擔心引起的。

Thecurrentdebatearosefrom/outoftheconcernsofparents.

［知識拓展］

（l）arisefrom/outof由...而引起；由...而產生；從...中產生

arisefrom...從……上站起來

⑵arise作“呈現；出現；發生”之意時，主語多為抽象名詞

argument/problem/quarrel/question/movement等。

Asweallknow,mostcaraccidentsariseoutofcarelessness.

=Asweallknowzmostcaraccidentsarisefromcarelessness.

眾所周知，大部分交通事故是由粗心大意引起的。

2.takesb.'sbreathaway令人驚嘆

Thesegorgeouslylitimageswilltakeyourbreathaway!

這些華麗的燈光圖像將會使您屏息凝神！

Lifeisnottheamountofbreathsyoutake,it'sthemomentsthattakeyourbreath

away.

生命的真諦不在于你呼吸的次數，而在于那些令你驚嘆不已的時刻。

［翻譯］那個演藝人員的表演經常令人咋舌。

Theentertainer^performancesoftentakeourbreathaway.

［知識拓展］

holdone9sbreath屏住呼吸

catchone'sbreath喘息;恢復正常呼吸

loseone'sbreath喘不過氣來

takeadeepbreath深呼吸

takesb'sbreathaway令人驚嘆

outofbreath上氣不接下氣

TomakethemovementeasierItriedtotakeadeepbreathoffreshair.

為了活動起來更容易，我努力呼吸了一口新鮮空氣。

Tiredandoutofbreath,wereachedthetopofthemountain.

我們到達了山頂，累得喘不過氣來。

3.boundadj.準備前往（某地）；一定會

ThistrainisboundfromShanghaitoNanjing.

這列火車是從上海開往南京的。

Whosaidthatmakingarobotsomuchlikeamanwasboundtocausetrouble?

誰說造像人一樣的機器人是注定要惹出麻煩的？

［翻譯］他在事業上一定會成功。

Heisboundtosucceedinhisenterprise.

［知識拓展］

beboundtodosth.一定會做某事；有義務做某事

beboundfor…開往；飛往；駛往

beboundupwithsth.與某事有密切關系

beboundupinsth.忙于（專心于；熱衷于）某事

Solongasweholdfasttoouridealsandnevergiveup,weareboundtoachieve

success.

只要我們堅持夢想、永不放棄，我們一定會取得成功。

Heisboundupinhisworkwhichisboundupwiththewelfareofthecommunity.

他忙于工作，這項工作與社區福利事業有密切聯系。

4.freezevi.&vt.（froze,frozen）結冰；（使）凍住

Afreezerfreezeswatersolid.

冰箱能使水結成固體。

Waterfreezesat0℃.

水在攝氏零度結冰。

［翻譯］笑容在他們臉上僵住了。

Smilesfrozeontheirfaces.

［知識拓展］

freezewith...因……而呆住

freezetodeath凍死

freezeup（某物）凍住；（因緊張、害怕或興奮）不動，停住；驚呆；嚇呆

freezesb.withafrown皺起眉頭使某人感到沮喪

5.anticipatevt.預料;預見；期望

Thedirectorsanticipatedafallindemand.

董事們預感需求會降低。

Ianticipatethattheresultwillbeadraw.

我預料結果會打成平局。

［翻譯］結果比我們原先設想的還要好。

Itturnsoutthatweweremoresuccessfulthanwehadanticipated.

［知識拓展］

anticipatedoing...期望或預料做某事

itiswidelyanticipatedthat...普遍預料...

Itiswidelyanticipatedthatshewillresign.

許多人預料她會辭職。

四、重點句式

l.ratherthan與其；不愿(連接兩個并列成分)

(教材P38)Ratherthantravelbycommercialairlinealltheway,theydecidedto

flytoVancouverandthentakethetrain.

她們決定先乘飛機到溫哥華，然后再坐火車，而不是全程乘坐商務航班。

句式分析：句中ratherthan連接兩個并列不定式短語，位于句首時，只能接

不帶to的不定式。

［例1］Heonlycaresaboutwhethertheeyewitnesshasgiventrueinformation,

whichmustbefactsratherthanopinions.

他關心的只是目擊者是否提供了真實的信息，這些信息必須是事實而不是個

人觀點。

［例2］Theythusincreasedtheirannualgrainproductionratherthandiminished

it.

他們這樣增加了而不是減少了糧食年產量。

［翻譯］我們是在教室里開會，不是在大廳里。

Wewillhavethemeetingintheclassroomratherthaninthegreathall.

［知識拓展］

⑴ratherthan連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時,謂語動詞應與ratherthan前面的

名詞或代詞在人稱和數上保持一致。

(2)ratherthan后接不定式時，不定式可以帶to，也可以不帶to，但當ratherthan

位于句首時，只能接不帶to的不定式。

Idecidedtowriteratherthan(to)telephone.

=RatherthantelephoneIdecidedtowrite.

我決定寫信而不是打電話。

2.過去分詞短語作狀語

（教材P38）Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanada

lookedmassive.

透過火車車窗加拿大的山脈和森林看起來非常壯觀。

句式分析：句中過去分詞短語Seenfromthetrainwindow在句中作時間狀語。

［例1］Orderedoveraweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.

這些書一個多星期以前就被下訂單了，現在預計隨時會到。

［例2］Borninapoorfamily,Nadiahadonlytwoyearsofschooling.

由于出生于貧寒家庭，納迪亞只上過兩年學。

［翻譯］盡管受到了父母的鼓勵，他仍然沒有信心克服困難。

Encouragedbyhisparents,hestillhasnoconfidenceinovercomingthe

difficulties.

［知識拓展］

過去分詞短語通常在句中作時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、方式等狀語。

過去分詞通常與句子的主語構成被動關系，或表示動作已完成。

Givenalotofmoney,helivedabetterlife.

給他許多錢后，他的日子過得好多了。（表示原因）

Usedwithcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.

如果用得仔細的話，一罐可以夠用六周。（表示條件）

Theteachercamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.

老師進來了，后面跟著一群學生。（表示伴隨）

Thegirlmetwithanaccidentwhencrossingtheroad,woundedinthehead.

那個女孩過馬路時出了事故，頭部受了傷。（表結果）

3.with復合結構

（教材P38）Edmontonisfreezingcoldinwinter,withdailytemperatures

averaging-10℃.

埃德蒙頓的冬天非常寒冷，每天平均氣溫為-10℃。

句式分析：句中withdailytemperaturesaveraging-10℃為with復合結構，

在句子中作狀語。

H列l］Witharedhandkerchiefinhishand,heshoutedatMarycrazily.

他手里拿著一條紅手絹，發瘋似地朝瑪麗叫喊。

［例2］Insteadheandanothermanarehidinginasmallhutduringasnowstorm

withnothingtoeat.

相反，他和另一個人被暴風雪困在一個小木屋里，沒有任何東西可以吃。

［翻譯］他躺在那兒，眼睛盯著天花板。

Helaythere,withhiseyeslookingattheceiling.

［知識拓展］

With復合結構在句中常作狀語，表示伴隨狀況、原因、方式、條件等。其結

構如下：

with+賓語+todo表示將來的動作doing表示主動或正在進行的動作done

表示被動或已完成的動作prep.短語adj.表示狀態adv.表示狀態

Intheafternoon,withnothingtodozIwenttothebookstore.

因為下午無事可做，我便到書店去了。

Withtheguideleadingtheway,wefoundhishomeeasily.

因為有那位向導帶路，我們很容易找到了他的家。

Themansatinthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.

這個人坐在椅子上，雙手被綁在背后。

Thestudentfellasleepwiththelighton.

這個學生開著燈就睡著了。

鞏固練習

一、根據句意和漢語提示寫出單詞。

1.1don9tthinkitwillworkbutFiltry（無論如何）.

2.He（又寸比）thetwodifferenteconomicsystemsinhisspeech.

3.Judgingfromyour（口音），youcomefromtheWest,ifI'mnot

mistaken.

4.Wecouldjustseetheoutlineofthehouseinthedistancethroughthe

（薄霧）.

5.Theearlysettlers（歸因于）theirsurvivaltohardworkand

determinationtosucceed.

6.Shefelttherewassomethingwrong,butcouldn'tgive(；青楚易T董的)

reasons.

7.1fyouwanttosellyourhousezwhynotputan(廣告)inthe

newspaper?

8.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoftenresultsinthe(相反

的事情)toourintention.

二、根據句意，用所給單詞的適當形式填空。

l.Oneinterestingaspectofthisbilingualseriesisthatitcaterstoboththe

domesticandforeignmarkets,especiallyinbothreadingfor(pleasant)

andlanguagelearning.

2.Asisknowntous,(curtain)arelargepiecesofmaterialwhichhang

fromthetopofawindow.

3.Leaveabasinofwateroutsidein(freeze)weather.

4.Astormoflaughter(arise)andeventhetiniestchildjoinedin.

5.Theanimalwasstill(breathe),soweknewitwasstillalive.

6.Tomy(astonish),hehasmadesuchrapidprogressinEnglishthis

term.

7.Forthosewithfamilymembersfaraway,thepersonalcomputerandthephone

areimportantinstaying(connect).

8.Whilewaitingfortheopportunitytoget(promote),Henrydidhis

besttoperformhisduty.

9.(absorb)inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.

10.Clearlyandthoughtfully(write),thebookinspiresconfidencein

studentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers.

三、根據要求轉換下列句子。

l.Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especiallywhenitiscomparedtosuchart

formsasmusicandpainting.(升級為省略句)

Filmhasamuchshorterhistory,especially.

2.AshewasraisedinthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadto

becomingafootballstar.（升級為過去分詞作狀語）

ofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecominga

footballstar.

3.Whenhewasaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassenttheretobetrained

foraspaceflight.（升級為省略句）

zhesaidhewassenttheretobetrainedforaspaceflight.

4.Ashewasattractedbythelatestelectronictoys,thelittleboystoodinfrontof

thewindows,withoutmoving.（升級為過去分詞作狀語）

/thelittleboystoodinfrontofthewindows,without

moving.

5.1ftheyweregivetherightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmay

onedaygrewtheinternationalstars.（升級為過去分詞作狀語）

,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrewthe

internationalstars.

6.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.（過去分詞

作狀語）

一thetopofthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.

7.1fweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.（過去分詞作狀語）

—,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.

8.Becausehewasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher'swords,hedidalotofthingsto

helphisclassmates.（過去分詞作狀語）

一histeacher'swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphis

classmates.

9.Turneddownmanytimes,themandidn'tloseheart.（讓步狀語從句）

一manytimes,themandidn*tloseheart.

四、閱讀理解

Ifyouwanttofullyenjoyyourvacation,thenyou'dbetterchecktheDurbanCity

Tours!ThisisactuallyoneofthebestchoicesinSouthAfricatoday.Thereis

nothingmorerelaxingthantothinkaboutthatthereisaplacetogoandrelax,

right?Citylifeisstrained,butyoucanescapethissituationandbeintheplace

wherethereisnothingbutrelaxation.HereinDurbanyouwillgettoseeallthe

amazingtouristattractions.Ifyouloveanimalsandwanttoseesomeelephants

wanderingaroundthestreets,thenDurbanistheplacetogo.Youcanevengetto

rideoneifyouwant!HereyouwillalsogettotasteallthedeliciousSouthAfrican

food.YoucanchoosefromItaliancookingtoitsnativedishes.Durbanisagreat

placetotourwithyourfriendsandfamily.Youwilllearnalotaboutitshistory

throughthelandmarksyouwillseedownthestreets.Touristsandeventhelocal

villagersjustcan'tgetenoughofthesetreats!However,itisimportantthatyou

makethenecessaryarrangements.Thereareactuallylotsoftourguidesthatwill

helpyouasyoumakeyourjourneyalongthestreetsofDurban.Butifyouprefer

thebesttourguideshereinDurban,thenyou'dbettersettlefortheStreetScene

Tours.Theirstaffareallwelltrainedandprofessional.Theywillcertainlymake

yourstayhereanunforgettableone.NowondertouristsprefertheStreetScene

TourswhenitcomestoDurbanCityTours.

l.Theunderlinedword"strained"inParagraph2means"

A.easyB.stressfulC.steadyD.casual

2.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A.Durbanisarelaxingcity.

B.Peopledon'tlikecitylife.

C.Itisgoodtohaveaplacetorelax.

D.Onecanhavefunridingelephants.

3.WhatdoesthelastsentenceinParagraph3show?

A.Thefoodcan'tsatisfythem.

B.Theyareboredwiththestreets.

C.Theyaretreatedverywellhere.

D.Theynevergettiredofthesights.

4.Theauthorwrotethelastparagraphmainlyto.

A.attracttouriststoDurban

B.helpreadersmakearrangements

C.introducethetourguidesinDurban

D.persuadetouriststochoosetheStreetSceneTours

五、七選五

WalkingtheGreatWallofChinacanbeasambitiousastacklingtheentire1,800

milesfromtheGobiDeserttotheYellowSeaorspendingamorningorafternoon

climbingasectionwithatourgroup.1__ReadaboutthehistoryoftheGreat

WalFsconstructionsoyoucanappreciatethosemanyunevensteps.Bookahalf-

daytourrightfromyourBeijinghotel.Bringabottleofwaterandalightbag,a

hat,sunglassesandsunscreenand,ofcourse,yourcamera.Obtainnecessary

governmentpermitsforamoreambitiousindependenthike.2―Packyour

equipmentforawalkalongalloralargesectionoftheGreatWallandthentryto

reduceitsweight.3__Getgoodmapsandstudyrecenttripdiariesandguides.

Breakinyourclimbingshoesanddon'tforgettoputlotsofbandagesand

suncreaminthefirstaidkit.DecidewhetheryouwillbeginintheGobiDesertorat

theYellowSea.Deserttravelistiringandslowgoing.4__Createaplanand

fileitwithafriendyouwillcontactatregularintervals.Thisisanessentialsafety

stepforanisolated,dangeroustrip.5―Thetripisasmuchaboutabsorbing

culturesaswalkingtheGreatWall.Villagersmayofferyoumealsandlodging.In

remoteareasthiscanbeatimesaver.Travelwithafriendifpossible;learnsome

basicChinesebeforeyougoandengagepleasantlybutcarefullywithlocalpeople

inthelessdevelopedregions.

A.Acceptlocalkindnessbutexercisecaution.

B.Youcanalsobringnothingwithyou.

C.Consultagoodcampingsupplystoreforthelightestequipment.

D.Theheatisfiercesoplanwalksforearlymorningandlateafternoon.

E.YouwillconnectwithChinesehistoryandcultureandtestyourownlimits.

F.Bothapproachesdemandsomephysicalfitness,therightshoesandpreparation.

G.Startthatprocessmonthsinadvanceoftraveltoensureyourtripwon'tbe

delayed

六、語法填空

It'sjustanotherdayforWilliamLindesay.Itbeginsbyspendingsometimewith

hissons...andtheGreatWallofChina.Hehaslostcountofthenumberoftimes

he1.(climb)thewall.However,hestillremembersthedayhefirstsaw

2..TheUKnativecamebacktoChinain1986with3.(plan)to

runthewalFsentire4.(long)一butitdidn'tquiteworkoutthattime.

Hecamebackayearlaterandfulfilledhisdream,beforefinallysettlinginChina

in1990.LindesayhashadeightbooksontheGreatWall5.(publish)

overtheyears.Hehascompletedthreephotoprojectsthatshow6.ithas

changedwiththepassageoftimeandledconservationeffortstoprotectit.Now

heandhisChinesefriendsareusingdrones(無人機)7.(film)theGreat

Wall,whichprovidesa8.(complete)newandfascinatingperspective.In

manyways,theGreatWallhasdefinedLindesay'slife.Hissoloadventure

9.(describe)as"themostsuccessfulforeignexplorationoftheGreat

Wall”.Heevenreceivedamedal10.theChinesegovernmentforhis

conservationefforts.

七、讀后續寫

閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整

的短文。

Theguitarinthecorneroftheroomisassilentasithaseverbeenforyearsnow.

Ithasbeenmorethanthreemonthsthatnoonehasplayedit,andnoonewillever

playitagain.Alayerofdusthasformedalloverit.Icoulddustitoff,but

somehowIfeelunworthyoftouchingit,letalonepickingitup.Ithadbeensuch

abigpartofmychildhood,hearingitsamazingnotesflowwithouthesitation,but

onlywhenheldbytherighthandsdiditsoundasamazingasitcould.Ihad

alwaysbeenafraidofitsomehow.Iamstillabit,sincethesoundwasalways

strongyetcomforting.Ican'tstopthinkingabouthowIwillneverhearitagain,

howitwouldprobablystayinthatcornerofmyroomfortherestofeternity.

SittinginthesofafacingtheguitarIcouldalmostseehim,mydad,tellingmethat

itwasthesecondbestthinginhislife.Irememberthatmomentsowell.Iwas

seven.Iaskedhim,"What'sthefirst?”andhetoldme“You”.Itmademefeel

sospecial,beingpickedoveraninstrumentthatcouldmakesuchwonderfulmusic

withjustabitofhelpfromthemanthatwasinfrontofme.Whenhewashome,

everywakingminutetherewasmusicradiatingfromit.Themusicmademefeel

safe,likeiftherewasn'tanythingelseintheworldbutitsamazingsounds.I

stayedstaringatthedustcoveredtheguitarrememberingthelasttimeIsawmy

dad;hewasheadingoutoncemore.Hewasexcitedandhewasalwaysproudof

servinghiscountry.Henevercomplained.Theonlythingthathewouldn'tlike

wasbeingawayfromMumandme.IfIhadknownthatitwasthelasttimeI

wouldseehim,Iwouldhaveneverlethimgo,andIwouldhavebeggedhimnot

toleave.IwouldhavetoldhimthatIdidn'twanttheguitartostayinthecorner

collectingdust.

注意：1.續寫詞數應為150左右；

2.請按如下格式作答。

Hewouldhaveleftanyways,Ithought.Helovedprotectinghiscountry,andhe

usedtosaythathediditbecausehewantedmetobesafe.

Itwasgettinglate.Istoodupfromthecouchandheadedtobed.

參考答案

一、1.anyhow2contrasted3accent4mist5owed6coherent7advertisement

8contrary

二、1.pleasure2.curtains3.freezing4.arose5.breathing6.astonishment

7.connected8.promoted9.Absorbed10.written

三、句型轉換

l.whencomparedtosuchartformsasmusicandpainting

2.Raisedinthepoorestarea

3.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere

4.Attractedbythelatestelectronictoys

5.Giventherightkindoftraining

6.Seenfrom

7.Givenmoretime

8.Greatlytouchedby

9.Though/Althoughhewasturneddown

四、閱讀

l.B詞義猜測題。根據后文"...butyoucanescapethissituationandbeinthe

placewherethereisnothingbutrelaxation”可知，strained意為“壓力大的故

選B。

2.A段落大意題。第二段通過有壓力的城市生活來反襯德班是一個放松休閑

的好去處，A項概括了此意。

3.D細節理解題。第三段中講到德班之所以是一個好去處，是因為它所展示

出的歷史，而這是游客甚至是當地人永遠也欣賞不夠的，故選D。

4.D推理判斷題。文章最后一段先指出要做好安排，德班的導游都會幫助游

客，接著“But”一詞進行轉折，引出該段所要強調的重點內容：如果想選擇到

最好的導游可以選擇StreetSceneTours,故選Do

五、七選五

1-F根據空前一句可知游覽長城有兩種選擇這與F項中的Bothapproaches

相呼應，前后緊密相連，符合邏輯，故選F項。

2.G由空前的“Obtainnecessarygovernmentpermitsforamoreambitious

independenthike”可知，這需要一個過程,因此G項符合語境。

3.C空前一句講為登長城打包裝備并盡量減輕重量，故C項符合語境。

4.D由空前的“Deserttravelistiringandslowgoing”可知，此處在講與沙漠相

關的問題，故應選D項。

5.A由下文中的"'Villagersmayofferyoumealsandlodging,,t€engage

pleasantlybutcarefullywithlocalpeople”可知，本段的主旨是接受當地人的善

意，但要謹慎行事。

六、語法填空

l.hasclimbed考查時態。句意：他已記不清爬了幾次長城了。分析句子可知，

此處表示爬長城是WilliamLindesay從過去到現在一直做的事情,應用現在

完成時。故填hasclimbed,,

2.it考查代詞。句意：然而，他仍然記得第一次看到它的那天。分析句子可

知,此處的it指代的是上文的“theGreatWall”。故填it0

3.plans考查名詞復數。句意：這位土生土長的英國人于1986年回到中國，

計劃跑完整個長城但當時并沒有完全成