專題16句子還原六選四之說明文（上）

目錄

題型綜述.........................................................................2

解題攻略........................................................................3

題型01主旨概括句題............................................................3

題型02過渡銜接句題.............................................................5

題型03細節支撐句題.............................................................7

題型04結論概括句題...........................................

高考練場.......................................................

01題型綜述

?題型簡介

上海高考英語閱讀句子還原六選四說明文，主要向讀者介紹知識,說明事物原理，解釋操作流程或闡釋社會文化現象等。

文本條理清晰，常運用小標題，邏輯連接詞來組織行文,讓復雜內容層次分明，方便讀者理解。這類題型要求考生從六個備

選項中選出四個合適的句子，填補文章空缺處，使文意連貫，邏輯順暢，綜合考查閱讀理解，語篇分析及上下文銜接能力。

?命題類型

>主旨概括句：常位于段落開頭，用來點明段落核心主題，起引領全段內容的作用，如選段圍繞某種環保新技術展開，此

空句子會概括該技術的總體特性。

>過渡銜接句：銜接上下文，既總結上文要點，又引出下文話題，讓行文過渡自然,毫無突兀感。比如前文講傳統教育模

式，后文談線上教育革新,中間過渡句就需關聯二者。

>細節支撐句：為前文提出的論點，概念提供具體例子，數據，解釋說明,充實文章內容，讓抽象觀點變得具體可感，像提到

健康飲食好處后,緊跟列舉具體有益的食材。

>結論概括句：考查對文章結論的概括能力，選項需要能夠總結文章的主要觀點。

?解題思路

?通讀全文，把握大意：快速瀏覽文章標題,首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主題，明確是介紹科技產品，文化習俗,

還是科普自然現象等，構建宏觀框架認知。

?看設空位置，預判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能總領全段的選項,在段中，多為過渡或細節支撐句,

需聯系前后文語義關聯，處于段尾,可能是總結句，或是引出下段話題的過渡語。

?圈畫關鍵詞，找呼應：在設空處上下文中圈出名詞，動詞，形容詞等實詞，以及邏輯連接詞。比對選項，找出含相同，相近

關鍵詞，或是存在因果，轉折，并列等邏輯呼應的句子。例如,上文有“but”表轉折，選項也應有轉折語義相關內容。

?利用邏輯線索:關注文中“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however”"therefore”這類邏輯詞,它們能清晰展示行文順序,

語義遞進,轉折對比,因果推導關系，順著邏輯鏈條篩選適配選項。

?代入檢查：把選定的選項依次代入原文空缺處，通讀全文，核查上下文銜接是否流暢，語義是否連貫,語法有無錯誤，若

讀起來拗口，語義斷裂，需重新斟酌選項。

02解題攻略

題型01主旨概括句題

提分秘籍

圖后弱

?關注段首或段尾:主旨概括句通常出現在段首或段尾，段首概括句要根據后文內容推斷，查找同義

詞或相關詞,段尾概括句則要總結上文。

?利用關鍵詞和重復信息：快速瀏覽選項和文章，找出關鍵詞和重復信息，這些往往是概括主題的

線索。

?排除干擾項：I干擾項可能過于寬泛，以偏概全或偏離主題，通過對比排除這些選項。

典例豈也

（2025年閔行一模）

A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?

B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.

C.It'slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan'tseeclearly.

D.Isthereastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction?

E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.

F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.

CanaPillFightLoneliness?

48That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthy

subjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementand

stressreduction.

Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethe

fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.49Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyour

view,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubecomemorewillingtolistentoothers.

（2025年虹口一模）

TheBenefitsofTalkingtoYourDog

Furthersupportforthisphenomenoncomesfroma2022study.Itwasfoundthatbyengaginginmicro-breakstopettheir

pup,thepeopleareabletorelaxandrecover-inwaysthatinteractingwithunfurryfamilymembersdoesn't.

50"Theycansensewhenwe'reupset-andtheyarearguablybetteratreadingusthansomepeopleare,^^says

Kogan.And"becauseweknowthatourdogsreadussowell,weregulateourselvessoasnottoupsetourdogs,whichishelpful

forusaswell.^^Ifsapositivefeedback/。4（反饋回路）.

A.Adogwon'ttrytofixtheproblemthewaysomepeopledo.

B.Dogsarenotjustpetsbutbelovedmembersofafamily.

C.Dogsarefantasticatreadingus.

D.Readingandunderstandingtheneedsofpetshelpsimproveouroverallemotionalwell-being.

E.Talkingtoyourdogaboutemotionallyfrustratingissuescanbeparticularlybeneficial.

F.They'remorelikelytodistractyou.

題型02過渡銜接句題

圖國國國

?瞻前顧后找啟示：閱讀設空處前后句，尋找提示詞，短語或句子，結合上下文內容，看所選答案是否

能將兩部分內容銜接起來。

?利用過渡銜接詞語：注意選項中出現的過渡銜接詞語，如表示并列，遞進，轉折，因果等關系的詞語,

根據這些詞語確定過渡句表示的邏輯關系。

?理清邏輯關系：明確選項與上下文之間的邏輯關系，如順逆關系，因果關系，解釋關系,例證關系等,

確保過渡自然。

典例豈也

（2025年浦東新區一模）

A.Threedayslater,theysawaninterestingchainofevents.

B.Andheselectivelytreatedhiswoundandnotanyotherbodyparts.

C.Rakusmayhaveobservedhismotherdemonstratinghowtotreatwounds.

D.Laumerandcolleaguesdonotknowhoworwherethisbehaviororiginated.

E.Thefindingsmayprovideinsightsintotheevolutionofthisbehavioramonghumans.

F.Ifsthefirstreportofsuspectedwoundtreatmentbyawildanimalusingaplantwithknown

medicinalproperties.

Orangutantreatshiswoundwithamedicinalplant

Self-medicationhasbeendocumentedinmultiplewildpri機成e（靈長類）species,butnotapplyingthemtorecentwounds.

Thereisonlyoneotherstudyofactivewoundtreatmentbygreatapes.Severalyearsago,researchersreportedonepopulation

ofchimpanzeesinGabon,appliedflyinginsectstotheirownwounds.However,theresearcherscouldnotidentifytheinsectsor

makeanyconclusionsabouttheeffectivenessofthetreatment.

（50）Perhapsheaccidentallytouchedawoundwhilefeedingonaplantandexperiencedits

（鎮痛的）effects,causinghimtorepeatthebehavior.ItisalsopossiblethatRakuspreviouslylearnedthebehavior

fromotherorangutans,sinceyoungorangutansrelyonsociallearningtoacquiretheskillsnecessaryforadultlife.

（2025年普陀區一模）

A.However,itisnotacomparisonthatthe11-year-oldisparticularlykeenon.

B.Interestingly,itwasoftenduringunexpectedmomentsthatabeautifulmelodysuddenlycametoher.

C.Deutschefsmostambitiousworkhasenabledtheaudiencetoseehertalent.

D.Insteadoftheglassslipperofthefairytale,theprincelooksforalostmelodyhecannotquiteremember.

E.TheworkreinventedtheCinderellafairytaletobesetinanoperahouseruledbyameanstepmother.F.She

nevergotnervousonstage,asshewasjusthappythatpeoplewantedtolistentohermusic.

LittleMissMozart

An11-year-oldBritishcomposerearnedcomparisonswithMozartafterheroperaopenedinViennatoenthusiasticapplause.

AlmaDeutscher,wholivedinSurreywithherparents,wasalreadyworld-famousasaviolinistandpianistbeforeherfirst

full-lengthoperamadeitsfirstperformanceontheAustrianstage.

47CinderellawasacomposerwhomDeutscherdescribedas"abitlikeme".Deutschersaidmuchofthe

musicalinspirationbehindCinderellaandothercompositionscamewhenhermindwaselsewhere.Duringaninterviewwith

NBC'sTodayshow,sheexplainedthattryingtocreatebeautifulmelodiesondemandoftenresultedinablankmind.

48______

題型03細節支撐句題

提分秘籍

O國困

?分析段落內部邏輯：細節支撐句通常出現在段落內部，要根據段落主題句和前后句的邏輯關系來確定答案。

?關注邏輯關系標志詞：注意設空處前后句中的邏輯關系標志詞，如條件，原因，讓步，遞進，對比，列舉，結果等，根據

這些詞提示的邏輯關系選擇合適的細節支撐句。

?尋找相關信息詞：選項中尋找與設空處前后句相關的詞匯或信息確保細節支撐句與上下文內容緊密相連。

典例剖析

（2025年青浦一模）

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Thatsomethingcouldbeashrinkingofthegreen.

B.Severalenvironmentalfactorscouldexplainthespreadoffatness.

C.Heemphasizesthatfurtheractionisneededtoprovetheassociationbetweengreenspaceaccessandchildhood

fatness.

D.InSeptembertheU.S.approvedtheNoChildLeftInsideActtoencouragepublicinitiativesaimedatexposing

kidstotheoutdoors.

E.Suchfindingstellapowerfulstory.

F.Initspurestsense,agreenneighborhoodsimplymeansmoreplacesforkidstoplay,whichiscloselyrelatedto

children'sactivitylevels.

UrbanGreenSpacesandTheirImpactonChildren'sHealth

Exposuretograssyareashasalsobeenlinkedtolessstressandalowerbodymassindex（指數）amongadults.Andan

analysisof3,000Tokyoresidentsassociatedwalkablegreenspaceswithgreaterlongevityamongseniorcitizens.

Glasscautionsthatmoststudiesdon'tnecessarilyproveacausallinkbetweengreennessandhealth,butthey're

nonethelesshelpingurgeaction.50

So,ifyouliveinasuburboracitywithgoodparks,takeadvantageofwhafsthere.Yourchildreninparticular

（2025年長寧一模）

Machineidentifiessongsfrompeople'sbrainwaves

Artificialintelligencehaslearnedtoidentifythesongssomeoneislisteningtofromtheirbrainreadings.

DerekLomasatDelftUniversityofTechnologyintheNetherlandsandhiscolleaguesasked20peopletolistento12songs

throughheadphones.47Eachperson'sbrainwaveswererecordedusinganEEG（腦電圖）capthatdetectselectrical

activity.

TheEEGreadingsfromeachpersonwerecutintoshortpiecesandusedalongwiththematchingmusiccliptotrainanAIto

spotpatternsbetweenthetwo.48ButthesoftwarestrugglesifitistrainedonEEGdatafromonepersonandthen

attemptstoidentifyasongwhensomeoneelselistenstoit.Accuracyinsuchtestsfelltolessthanoneineverytenattempts.

A.Lomashopesthatthiswillfurtherourunderstandingofthebrain,aswellasboostknowledgeofhowandwhy

humansconsumemusic.

B.TheAIwasthentestedonunseenportionsofthedata,identifyingsongswithaprecisionof85percent.

C.TheexperimentwasconductedtodetermineifAIcouldreplacehumanmusicians.

D.ThissuggeststhattheAFsabilitytoidentifysongshighlydependsontheindividual'sbrainactivity.

E.Thevolunteersdidthisblindfoldedandinafaintlylitroomtominimisetheeffectoftheirothersensesonthe

results.

F.Theresearchersbelievethatthisisduetoeachperson'spreferencetowardsasongbeingunique.

（2025年徐匯一模）

Thepowerofplacebo（安慰劑）

Haveyouevertakenapillforaheadacheandfeltinstantreliefeventhoughthere?snowaythemedicinecouldhavetaken

effectsoquickly?Ifso,you'vepersonallyexperiencedamedicalphenomenonknownastheplaceboeffect.47____Inthe

abovesituationregardingyourheadache,theactiveingredient（成分）couldn'thavebeenresponsibleforyourreducedpain.So

whydidthesymptomsimprove?

Scientistsdon'tcompletelyunderstandthemechanismsbehindtheeffect,buttheyhavedeterminedthatanindividuaFs

conditioningandexpectationslikelyplayamajorrole.Withyourheadache,forexample,youexpectedthepainkillertowork

becausepillshaverelievedyourheadachesinthepast.48____Infact,thelattermeansaplacebocanstillworkevenwhen

someoneknowsit'snotrealmedicine!Otherfactorsthatcaninfluencehowwellatreatmentworksincludebeingtoldit's

effectivebyadoctor,yourdoctor'sbodylanguageortoneofvoice,andtheknowledgethatyou'retakingactiontosolvethe

problem.

A.Unfortunately,ourexpectationscanalsoworkagainstus.

B.Believeitornot,therearelimitstoeventhestrongestplaceboeffect.

C.Thiseffectoccurswhenapatientisgivenatreatmentthatisabletoimprovetheirsymptomseventhoughitlacks

anactiveingredient.

D.Additionally,youprobablyassociatepillsingeneralwithrecoveringfromillness.

E.Ifwecanlearntomakeuseofthepowerofpositivethinking,perhapsonedaywecanevenmovebeyondusing

traditionaldrugstotreatminorsymptoms!

F.Andinroutinemedicalpractice,placebosarerarelyusedonpurpose.

題型04結論概括句

回國圖困

?注意總結性信號詞：結論概括句常含有總結性的信號詞，如therefore,asaresult,thus,hence,in

short,tosumup,toconclude,inaword等。

?總結上文內容：根據上文的論述內容，選擇能夠總結或概括上文觀點,信息的選項。

?與主題句呼應：結論概括句要與文章或段落的主題句相呼應，確保文章結構完整，邏輯清晰。

典例同也

（2025年松江一模）

ProtectingWetlands

WetlandsareamongthemosteffectiveecosystemsonEarth,providingahabitatforawidevarietyofplantandanimal

speciesandthereforeplayacrucialroleinmaintainingenvironmentalbalanceandsupportingbiodiversity.Forinstance,theycan

actasnaturalwaterpurifiersandabsorbingharmfulsubstancesfromrunoff（地表徑流）beforetheyreachlargerbodiesofwater.

―47—.

A.Wetlandsareknownfortheirabilitytofeedpartoftheworld.

B.Thishelpstopreservecleanwaterforhumansandwildlifealike.

C.Withoutthem,thecityconstructionwillslowdowninsomeway.

D.Manywetlandshavebeenfilledtomakewayforfieldsandbuildings.

E.Besidestheirecologicalbenefits,wetlandsoffereconomicandrecreationalvalue.

F.Thesecallforcooperationbetweengovernments,organizationsandcommunities.

（2025年崇明一模）

A.One7-minuteblockhadpeoplesittinginsilence.

B.Inthiscase,thebrainmightbetuningintothemusic.

C.Theauthorssuggesteditwasevidenceofmusicbeingmorethanadistractionfromanunpleasantexperience.

D.Andthemosteffectivepainrelieverswerefoundtobesadsongsdetailingbittersweetandemotional

experiences.

E.Nevertheless,whileourbodiesstillfeelthepain,themessagestomakeourconsciousmindperceivethepain

maynotberelayed.

F.Peoplewholistenedtobittersweetsongsalsoreportedmorethrills（震顫感）andshivers（哆嗦）ontheskinfrom

listeningtopleasurablemusic.

CertainTypesofMusicCouldHelpYouFeelLessPain,NewStudySays

Thereisnodoubtthatmusiccancalmthesoulforsome,anditturnsoutthatitcouldalsobeatemporaryrelieverfor

physicalpain.

Listeningtofavoritesongscouldreducepeople'sperceptionofpain,accordingtoanewstudy.

47

Whenratingtheirexperiences,peopleweremorelikelytoreportfeelinglesspainwhenlisteningtotheirfavoritesongs

comparedwithhearingtheunfamiliarrelaxingsongorsilence.Thescrambledsongsdidnotreducepaineither.49

Afterinterviewingtheparticipantsaboutthesongtheybroughtandtheirratingofpain,theresearchersfoundpeoplewho

listenedtobittersweetandmovingsongsfeltlesspainthanwhentheylistenedtosongswithcalmingorcheerfulthemes.

高考練場

（2025年楊浦一模）

DislikingVegetablesCanRuboffonOthers

Scientistshavelongbeeninterestedinwhysomepeoplelikevegetablesandwhyothersdon't,wheneatinggreensisgoodfor

you.___47___Apparently,watchingsomeoneeatingvegetablesandvisiblydislikingthemcouldputyouoffthemabittoo.

Aresearchteamsetaboutinvestigatinghowthefacialexpressionsthatpeoplemakeastheyeataffectapersonwatching

them.Theyaskedmorethan200womentowatchvideosofotheradultseatingrawbroccoli.Thepeopleinthevideoswouldhave

differentexpressionswhileeating.Theywouldsmile,lookneutralorlooksickenedbywhattheyweretasting.Thestudyfound

thatwatchingpeoplereactwithstrongdisliketothebroccolireducedhowmuchthewomenlikedit.___48___

Humanslearnwhichbehaviourswillbenefitthem,includingeating,bywatchingthereactionsofothers.___49___Scientists

thinkthatpeoplemightavoidfoodthatappearssickeningbecauseitcouldhelptoprotectthemfromeatingsomethingthattastes

badorcouldbedangerous.

Althoughtheresearchonlyfocusedonadults,expertsthinktheresultscouldalsoapplytochildren.Thismeansthatif

childrensawtheirparents,brothersorsistersnotenjoyingcertainfoods,includingvegetables,theymightnotwanttoeatthem

either.___50___

Understandingmoreabouthowadults'behaviourinfluenceschildren'senjoymentoffoodcouldhelptofindwaysto

encourageyoungpeopletoeatmoreofthefoodsthataregoodforthem.

A.Apreviousstudyfoundthatchildrenbetweentheagesoffourandsixyearsoldweremorelikelytoeatbroccoliifthey'dseen

videoclipsofadultsenjoyingit.

B.However,apositivefacialexpressiondidn'tmakethemlikebroccolimore.

C.Infact,theimpactofobservingotherseatextendsbeyondsimplydiningmanners.

D.Thisisknownassocialmodelling,anditisastronginfluenceonpeople'seatinghabits.

E.Anewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople'slikesanddislikescouldplayapart.

F.Thisphenomenon,oftenreferredtoassocialinfluence,highlightshowoureatingbehaviorsarenotshapedbythebehaviorsof

thosewedinewith.

（2025年靜安一模）

Thecomingofanewyearmarksafreshstartandmotivatesmanypeopletobreakbadhabits.Someareeasiertoshakethan

others.However,thetendencytoprocrastinateisamongthestickiest.Whetherit'sfinishingapieceofwork,sendinganemailor

goingforarun,sometaskscanbecomeunconquerable.Theeasiestwaytodealwiththesetasksistoputthemoffuntillateror

neveratall.Ifsprocrastination.Itisaspecificformofdelaythatisbothunnecessaryandvoluntary.47____Atitsheart,

procrastinationisaboutavoidance.Ratherthanthetaskitself,it'softentheemotionsattachedtoanactivitythatcausepeopleto

pause.Handlingthefirstlinesofacollegeessaymaybringupfeelingsofself-doubt,forexample.Whenyou'refacedwitha

broadquestionortopictowriteabout,thelackofclearinstructionscanproduceafearofnotgettingitrightorofwhatmight

happenifyougetitwrong.

Thepersonprocrastinatingusuallydoessodespiteknowingthatthetaskisimportantorvaluabletothemorothersandthat

puttingitoffcouldberiskytothemorothers.Bigprojectsmaybringoverpoweringfeelingswhicharelikelytoleadto

procrastination.48Answeringanordinaryemailfromwork,forexample,maybringinstantdiscomfort,sotheurgeto

escapesuchnegativeemotiondefeatsone'sdutytocompletethedailytask.

Likeanypersonalitycharacter,therearesomebiologicalconnections.Researchsuggeststhatprocrastinationislinkedto

impatienceonageneticlevel.Itmaybeapassed-downproperty.49Environmentalfactorsarejustasimportantin

shapingourresponsetotasks.Someonewhodoesn'tusuallyprocrastinatecandosoiftheyfindthemselvesinasituationthat

exhauststheirrespondingabilities,suchasthedeathofafomilymember.50

Ofcourse,procrastinationcanpileonmorepressuresbyleavingataskhangingoveraperson'shead,thusproducinga

negativecyclethatcandamagementalhealth,loweracademicperformanceandleadtofinancialtrouble.

A.Butthatdoesn'tmeanyou'restuckandthafswhoyouare.

B.Procrastinationbecomesaneasyand'dirty'wayofreactionwhenyourhandlingresourcesaremaxedout.

C.Chancesarethatyouwillfindyourselfsupportedbyprocrastinationallalong.

D.Itisn'tcausedbytheperson'sneedtoprioritizeothertasksorbyanunexpectedemergency.

E.Youwillbecomeincreasinglyfrustratedwithyourselffornotgettingthetaskdone.

F.However,thethreatcanalsocomefromsomethingtiny.

（2025年黃浦區一模）

Hiking:HowtoGetStarted

Hiking,aformofexerciseolderthanexerciseitself,issohotrightnow.Fordedicatedhikers,hikingoffersfreedomand

perspective.Butforthoseofuswhohaven'tspentserioustimeoutdoorssincesummercamp,ahalf^dayhikecanbedifficult.

Howcanyouavoidgettinglostorinjured?Doyoureallyneedspecialhikingshoes?47

Ifyou'rerelativelyactive,you'reprobablyalreadytrainingjustbygoingforwalks.48Totrainforsharperland,

walkuphillsortakethestairsinsteadofalift.

Thekeytoarelaxinghikeisbeingaspreparedaspossiblefortheunknown,whetherit'sasuddendownpouroraninjured

ankle.Everyhikershouldbringthe10essentials,whichincludefoodanddrink,firstaidsupplies,amapandcompassand

rainwear.49Youdon'tneedtoinvestinspecialhikingshoes.Youdoneedtowearshoesthatofferfirmnessand

protection,especiallyifthetrackisrocky,sharporpotentiallymuddy.

Finallytoavoidinjury,don'tpushyourselftoohardorfastthroughmorechallengingtracks.Remember:50Slow

down,takeinthescenery,listentothebirds,andjustbepresentinnature.

A.Whathappensifyoulosecell-phoneservice?

B.Thepointistobeabletoseetheviewsandsmelltheflowers.

C.Butthemostessentialequipmentisfootwearbecauseyourfeetareliterallyyourfoundation.

D.Spendingtimeinnatureandhavingexperiencesthatinspireamazementcanlowerstressandanxiety.

E.Iftheideaofbreakingasweatonthetrackssoundsappealingbutyou'renotsurehowtostart,we'vegotyoucovered.

F.Itcanbeassimpleasheadingoutthedoorandwalkingfor40minutestoanhourtobuildupstrengthandendurance.

（2025年閔行一模）

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Couldapillmakesocialsituationsfeellessthreatening?

B.Socialconnectionsarealsoessentialforahealthylifestyle.

C.It'slikedrivinginthewinterwhenyoucan'tseeclearly.

D.Isthereastrongconnectionbetweenmemoryenhancementandstressreduction?

E.Atthesametime,itcanalsomakethemdefensivewhenjudgingothers.

F.Unfortunately,thefearwillappearrepeatedlyandinfluenceyourperceptionofthings.

CanaPillFightLoneliness?

“Haveyouevertakenawalkinthewoodsandjumpedbackbecauseyousawastickonthegroundandthoughtitwasa

snake,“asksresearcherStephanieCacioppo."Thelonelypeopleseesnakesallthe

Cacioppoistalkingaboutalong-termlonelinesscontradiction:Aperson'sbrainfeelsthatsomethingiswrongandthatthey

shouldconnectwithothers.47Consequently,theyfocusonthenegativesignalstheythinkthey'regetting,whichkeeps

themfromconnecting.

48That'sthefocusofaclinicalexperimentthatCacioppoisoverseeing.Forayearandahalf,96lonelybuthealthy

subjectshavebeentakingacertainamountofpregnenolone,achemicalsubstanceassociatedwithmemoryenhancementand

stressreduction.

Thegoaloftheresearchistoseehowbalancingpregnenolonelevelsaffectsthesubjects.Thepillcouldhelpreducethe

fearthatmakeslonelypeoplewithdrawandactmorecalmlyinsocialsituations.49Theideaisthatapillcouldclearyour

view,helpingyouseethingsclearlyinsteadoffeelingafraidofeveryone.Thenyoubecomemorewillingtolistentoothers.

Whiledevelopingapilltoaddressthebrainsignalsthatleadtolonelinessholdspromise,itshouldnotbeseenastheonly

solution.50Buildingmeaningfulrelationshipsisjustasimportantaseatingrightandexercising.

變其演至

A

【來源】上海市育才中學2023-2024學年高三上學期期末英語試卷

Modemcomputertechnologyhasmadeanewkindofhumanrelationshippossible:onlinefriendship.]Are

onlinefriendshipsasbeneficialasface-to-facefriendships?Whataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofhavingvirtualfriends?

Canpeopleformstrongbondsonline?Todaythesequestionsarethesubjectoflivelydebate.

SomepeoplebelievethattheInternetisthebestwaytomakenewfriends.Ifsconvenient,ifsfast,anditallowsmaking

contactwithdifferentkindsofpeoplefromallovertheworld.Whenyouusesocialnetworking,websitesandchatrooms,you

caneasilyfindpeoplewithinterestsandhobbiessimilartoyours.Informationupdatesandphotosaddtotheexperience.

MakingfriendsontheInternetisespeciallygoodforshypeoplewhofeeluncomfortableinsocialsituations.Ifsofteneasierto

sharethoughtsandfeelingsonline.2Theycanmakepeoplefeellesslonelyandhelpthemsolveproblems.

AlthoughtheInternetcanencouragefriendship,ithasamajordisadvantage.3Onlinefriendsonlytellyouwhat

theywantyoutoknow.Theysometimesexaggeratetheirgoodqualitiesandhidethelesspositiveones,soyoucan'tbesureof

whattheyreallylike.Thatiswhyyoushouldnotgivepersonalinformationtoanyoneonlineunlessyou'retotallysureofwho

thatpersonis.

Canonlinefriendshipbeasmeaningfulasface-to-faceones?Therearedifferentpointsofview.Researchersatthe

UniversityofSouthernCaliforniasurveyed2,000householdsintheUnitedStates.Theresultsshowedthatmorethan40

percentofparticipantsfeel“asstronglyabouttheironlinebuddies^^astheydoabouttheir“offline“friends.4Incontrast,

therearemanypeoplewhobelievethatit'snotpossibletohavedeeprelationshipswithonlinefriends,AyoungIndiansoftware

engineer,LalithaLakshmipathy,says,"it'sgoodtofeelconnectedwithmanypeople,butallmye-buddiesarenotnecessarily

myclosefriends.Theysaythatit'shardtodevelopfeelingsoftrustandconnectionwhenyoudon'tshareexperiencesin

person.

Peoplecontinuetoexpressdifferentopinionsaboutonlinefriendship.However,mostofthemwouldagreethatvirtual

friendshipsmustnotreplaceface-to-facefriendships.Asonelifecoachsays,t6asocialnetworkingsiteshouldonlybethe"add

on'inanyrelationship.

A.Inaddition,virtualfriendscanofferemotionalsupport.

B.Whenyou'renotfacetoface,it'smucheasiertodeceivepeople.

C.Manypeoplewouldagree.

D.Researchersalsofoundthatit'snotunusualfbronlinefriendstobecomeface-to-facefriend.

E.Onlinefriendsmaybeofhelpinmanyways.

F.Onlinefriends,orvirtualfriends,arepeoplewhohavebecomeacquaintedwitheachotherthroughtheInternet.

B

【來源】上海市閘北第八中學2023-2024學年高三上學期期中英語試卷

Soilconservationmethodshelpfarmersprotecttheirlandfromthedamagecausedbyfarmingandtheforcesofnature.

Onemethodofsoilconservationistheuseofwindbreaks.Windbreaksarebarriersformedbytreesandotherplants.5

Windbreakshelppreven