考研英語(yǔ)一模擬試題及答案解析（5）

（1~20/共20題）完形填空

AmericasFederalReservecutinterestratesbyanotherquarter-point,to3.75%.WallStreet,

whichhadbeen_1_forasixthhalf-pointcut,wasdisappointed.TheDowfellby2%_2_the

week.Thepastweekseconomicstatisticsgavemixedsignals.Exportsdroppedby2%inboth

MarchandApril,largely_3_adeclineinhigh-techinvestment_4_;themerchandise-trade

_5_widenedto$458billioninthe12months_6_April._7_,theConferenceBoardsindex

ofconsumerconfidencewashigherthan_8_inJune.

Concerns_9_inflationintheeuroarea_10_.Preliminarydata_11_thatGerman

consumer-priceinflationfellto3.1%intheyeartoJune,from3.5%inMay;wagegrowth_12_

to1.4%inApril,arealpaycutof1.5%,SomeeconomistsfearthatGermanyisonthe_13_of

recession.TheIFOindexofbusinessconfidencedroppedmore_14_thanexpectedinMay,and

theinstitutehascutitsforecastofGDP_15_thisyeartoonly1.2%,well_16_theGerman

governmentsforecastof2%.

Theeuroareascurrent-accountdeficitnarrowedto$30billioninthe12monthstoApril.

Britainsdeficitinthefirstquarterwasitssmallest_17_1998,_18_recordinvestment

income.

TherewasmorebadnewsfromJapan,_19_retailsalesinlargestoresfellby3.2%inMay,

the37thconsecutivemonthlyfall.Theyenfell_20_thedollar,touchingalmostYen125onone

point.

第1題

A.expecting

B.hoping

C.wishing

D.dreaming

第2題

A.in

B.above

C.during

D.about

第3題

A.becauseof

B.since

C.because

D.thanksto

第4題

A.athome

B.home

C.fromabroad

0.abroad

第5題

A.deficit

B.shortage

C.scarcity

□.shortfall

第6題

A.to

B.until

C.up

D.onto

第7題

A.AIthough

B.Therefore

C.However

D.Hence

第8題

A.projected

B.planned

C.predicted

□.expected

第9題

A.on

B.for

C.of

D.over

第10題

A.stopped

B.eased

C.relieved

0.improved

第11題

A.showed

B.demonstrated

C.illustrated

□.explained

第12題

A.reduced

B.cut

C.slow

□.lessened

第13題

A.edge

B.rim

C.lip

D.brink

第14題

A.harshly

B.huskily

C.strictly

0.severely

第15題

A.growth

B.rise

C.increase

0.escalation

第16題

A.above

B.below

C.high

D.low

第0題

A.after

B.since

C.until

□.towards

第18題

A.oweto

B.becauseof

C.onaccountof

D.thanksto

第19題

A.where

B.which

C.what

D.who

第20題

A.inoppositionto

B.opposedto

C.against

□.versus

下一題

(21~25/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Rarelyhasanationalsecurityissueofmajorimportancebecomeasubjectofdistortionandspin

likethedebateovertheintelligencereformbillonCapitolHill—theoutcomeofwhichwill

determinehowUSintelligenceagenciesandtheirmilitaryfunctionforagenerationtocome.This

isparticularlytrueoftheheateddebatenowtakingplaceoverhowmuchpowershouldbegiven

toanewdirectorofnationalintelligence.

AlongwithHouseArmedServicesCommitteeChairmanDuncanHunter,oneofthemost

respecteddefenseexpertsonCapitolHill,theJointChiefsofStaffandotherelementswithinthe

DefenseDepartmenthaveraisedseriousquestionsaboutthefar-reachingauthoritygrantedto

theintelligencedirectorundertheSenateversionofthebill.Specifically,Mr.Hunterbelievesthat

theSenatebillwouldinterferewiththemilitarysaccesstointelligenceonthebattlefield.

Rightnow,Mr.Hunterpointsout,Armyunits,MarinesandUSspecialforcesuseintelligence

gleanedfromoverheadsatellitestotargetenemytroops.Inordertodothis,theyneedtowork

closelywithcombatsupportagenciesliketheNationalSecurityAgencyandNational

ReconnaissanceOffice.Itisessentialthattherebeawell-functioningchainofcommandbetween

theAmericantroopsontheground,theDefenseDepartmentandthepeoplewhooperatethe

satellites.ThiswasparticularlycriticalduringtherecentfightinginFallujah,whereAmerican

troopsreliedonsatellitephotostowatchtheterroriststheywereseekingtokill.

AlthoughPresidentBushhasagreedtotheSenateproposal,administrationofficials

acknowledgethereisrealconcernthatitsversionofthebillcouldundercutasystemthatis

workingwell.AsoneofficialtoldthisnewspaperonMonday,theSenatemeasurecouldproduce

thefollowingscenarioEverytimethegeneralswanttomoveasatellitetohelpacommander

quicklyobtainoverheadimagesoftheenemyorinterceptedcommunications,theywouldhave

togettheapprovalofthenewdirectorofnationalintelligence.NotingtheFallujahexperience,

Mr.HunteraddsthattheSenatebilltranslatesintoineffectivenessonthebattlefieldand,at

worse,combatcasualties.

WhenaskedtogivehisopinionontheSenatebillandanalternativemeasureproposedbyMr.

Hunterthatwouldpreservethecurrentchainofcommand,Gen.RichardMyers,thechairmanof

theJointChiefsofStaff,endorsedtheCaliforniaRepublicanlawmakersversion.So,too,havethe

headsoftheAirForce,Army,MarineCorpsandNavy.Thetruthisthattheveryideaofshifting

controlofdefenseintelligenceagenciesawayfromthePentagon(asembodiedintheSenatebill)

isaproposaltofixanon-existentproblem,WhenThomasKeanandLeeHamilton,chairmanand

vicechairmanoftheSeptember11commission,testifiedonCapitolHill,bothacknowledgedin

responsetoaquestionfromMr.Huntertheirpanelhadcomeacrossnospecificinstanceofa

failureornegligenceonthepartofaDepartmentofDefenseagency.

Unfortunately,theresponsefromsomesenatorsandsomesectorsofthepresstoMr.Hunters

substantiveconcernshasbeentoportrayhimasunderminingnationalsecurityinorderto

preservehisbureaucraticturf.Atonelevel,thesechargesareslanderous,giventhatMr.Hunters

son,aMarine,justcompletedatourofdutyinIraq.ChairmanHunteristryingtoprotecthisson,

andallotheryoungheroes—nothisturf.IfsupportersoftheSenatebillhavesubstantive

argumentstomakethatwouldexplainwhytheyarerightandtheJointChiefsandMr.Hunterare

wrong,theyshouldmakethem.Ifnot,theyshouldaccedetotheHouseposition.IftheSenate

refusestobudge,thenthebestcourseofactionwouldbetore-visittheissuenextyear.

第21題

Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe

A.TheEffectsFallujahFightBrings.

B.ADebateBetweenDuncanHunterandSomeSenators.

C.ADebateontheIntelligenceReformBill.

D.DuncanHunter,ARespectedDefenseExpert.

第22題

Thewordgleaned(Line2,Paragraph3)couldbeprobablyreplacedby

A.gathered.

B.come.

C.piled.

□.originated.

第23題

Mr.HunterdisagreestotheintelligencereformbillforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT

A.hebelievesthatthebillmightinterferewiththemilitarysaccesstointelligenceonbattlefield.

B.hethinksthatthebillmighttranslateintoineffectivenessonthebattlefield.

C.hebelievesthattheideaofshiftingcontrolofdefenseintelligenceagenciesawayfromthe

Pentagonisaproposaltofixanon-existentproblem.

D.hethinksthatthebillmightatlastcausecombatcasualties.

第24題

Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage

A.ThechainofcommandbetweentheAmericantroopsontheground,theDefenseDepartment

andthesatellitesoperatoriseffectiveduringtheFallujahfight.

B.Theresultofthedebatewilldecidehowmuchpowershouldbegiventothedirectorof

nationalintelligence.

C.AdministrationofficialsaregreatlyappreciatedforMr.BushsagreementoftheSenate

proposal.

D.Mr.Hunterisunderminingnationalsecurityinordertopreservehisbureaucraticturf.

第25題

Theauthorsattitudetowardtheintelligencereformbillis

A.positive.

B.biased.

C.negative.

0.objective.

上一題下一題

(26~30/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Womenare,onthewhole,moreverbalthanmen.Theyaregoodatlanguageandverbal

reasoning,whilementendtobeskilledattasksdemandingvisualspatialabilities.Infact,along

withaggression,thesearethemostcommonlyaccepteddifferencesbetweenthesexes.

Wordsaretoolsforcommunicatingwithotherpeople,especiallyinformationaboutpeople.

Theyaremainlysocialtools.Visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodforimaginingandmanipulating

objectsandforcommunicatinginformationaboutthem.Arethesetalentsprogrammedintothe

brainInsomeofthenewestandmostcontroversialresearchinneurophysiology,ithasbeen

suggestedthatwhenitcomestothebrain,malesarespecialistswhilewomenaregeneralists.

Butnooneknowswhat,ifanything,thismeansintermsoftheabilitiesofthetwosexes.

Engineeringisbothvisualandspatial,anditstruethattherearerelativelyfewwomenengineers.

Butwomenbecomejustasskilledasmenatshootingarifleordrivingacar,tasksthatinvolve

visualspatialskills.Theyalsodoequallywellatprogrammingacomputer,whichisneithervisual

norspatial.Womendo,howevecseemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves.We

allknowmenforwhommachinesseemtobeextensionsoftheiridentity.Awomanismorelikely

toseehercar;rifle,orcomputerasausefultool,butnotinitselffascinating.

第26題

Accordingtothepassage,womenareusuallygoodat.

A.bodylanguage

B.logicalreasoning

C.tasksdemandingfortheuseofwords

D.bothAandB

第27題

Thewordacceptedinthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphroughlymeans.

A.believed

B.assumed

C.received

0.reconciled

第28題

Intheauthorsopinion,visualandspatialabilitiesaregoodfor.

A.achievingonesobjects

B.mindandbody

C.programmingtalentsintothebrain

0.imaginationandcommunication

第29題

AllthefollowingtasksinvolvevisualspatialskillsEXCEPT.

A.imaginingandhandlingobjects

B.providingacomputerwithasetofinstructions

C.shootingagunanddrivinganautomobile

0.planningandmakingthingsasanengineerdoes

第30題

Whydowomenseemlesslikelytofallinlovewiththeobjectsthemselves

A.Becausetheyhavenovisualspatialskills.

B.Becausetheyareonlygoodatlanguageandverbalreasoning.

C.Becausetheyarelesslikelytoseetheircharmingorinterestingaspects.

□.Becausetheyrarelyusemachinessuchascars,titles,computers,etc.

上一題下一題

(31~35/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

PresidentBushsre-electionalreadyhasresultedinmorefundsforoneoftheelectionspivotal

moralvaluesissues—abstinenceeducation.

Congresslastweekendincludedmorethan$131millionforabstinenceprogramsinits$388

billionspendingbill.

Thisrepresentsanincreaseof$30millionforprogramsthatteachmiddle-andhigh-school

youthsthatsexualabstinenceuntilmarriageisthebestchoice.

Thenewfundingisfarlessthanthe$100millionMr.Bushrequested,butitmarksarecord

leveloffunding,saidleadersoftheNationalAbstinenceClearinghouseinSiouxFalls,S.D.

Publicdebatesaboutthemeritsofteachingabstinence-until-marriageversus

abstinence-plus-contraceptionarelikelytocontinueAnationalevaluationof

abstinence-until-marriageprogramshasbeendelayed,withafinalreportnotexpecteduntil2006,

saidaspokesmanfortheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices(HHS).

TheBushadministrationhasfueledthisdebatebysteadilyincreasingfederalfundsfor

abstinenceeducation,whichhasbeenoutmatchedfordecadesbyfundingforfamilyplanning,

HIVAIDSandothersexeducationthatprimarilyteachesaboutbirthcontrol,condomsanddisease

prevention.

Wehavesaidthatfundingforabstinenceeducation...oughttobeonatleastequalfooting

withothersexeducationprograms,WhiteHousespokesmanScottMcClellansaidNov.17atthe

nominationofWhiteHousedomesticpolicyadviserMargaretSpellingsasDepartmentof

Educationsecretary.

Thepresidentisanadvocateofabstinence-educationprogramsbecausehewantstofocuson

whatworks,Mr.McClellansaid,notingthatMrs.Spellingssupportsabstinence-basededucation

inschools.

WilliamSmithoftheSexualityInformationandEducationCounciloftheUnitedStates

challengedtheideathatabstinenceeducationhasbeenproveneffective.

Nosoundstudyexiststhatshowsthattheseprogramshaveanylong-termbeneficialimpact

onyoungpeoplessexualbehavior,Mr.Smithsaid.Thefactthepresidentsnomineeforthe

nationstopteachersupportstheseprogramsisparticularlydisturbing.

Whenitcomestochildrenssexualbehavior,theprimarymessagethenationshouldgiveis

abstinenceuntilmarriage,saidWadeF.Horn,HHSassistantsecretaryforchildrenandfamilies.

Wedontneedastudy,ifIremembermybiologycorrectly,toshowusthatthosepeoplewho

aresexuallyabstinenthaveazerochanceofbecomingpregnantorgettingsomeonepregnantor

contractingasexuallytransmitteddisease,saidMr.Horn.

Meanwhile,opponentsofabstinence-onlyeducationcontinuetowarnagainstflouringmoney

intounprovenprograms.AdvocatesforYouth(AFY),forinstance,recentlyreleaseda10state

studysayingthatafterfiveyearsand$45,5millioninfederalfunding,abstinenceprogramshave

resultedinfewshort-termbenefitsandnolastingpositiveimpact.

第31題

Thetextismainlyabout

A.thepublicdebatesaboutthemerits.

B.federalfundspaidfortheabstinenceeducation.

C.abstinenceeducationraisedbytheBushadministration.

D.theeffectsofabstinenceeducation.

第32題

Accordingtothepassage,abstinenceeducation

A.meansabstinenceplus-contraception.

B.haslong-termbeneficialimpactsonyoungpeoplessexualbehavior.

C.includesfamilyplanning,HIVAIDSandothersexeducation.

D.isanimportantelectionsmoralvaluesissueofBushsre-election.

第33題

Manypeopleofagenciesdisagreetotheabstinence-onlyeducationNOTbecause

A.theabstinenceeducationhasnotbeenproveneffective.

B.thepresidentisanadvocateofabstinence-educationprogram.

C.abstinenceprogramshaveresultedinfewshort-termbenefits.

D.therewasnosignificantchangeinthepercentageofstudentsstickingnosexafterthe

abstinenceeducation.

第34題

Wecaninferfromthelastparagraphthat

A.AFYencouragesyouthtohavesex.

B.AFYagreesthatthereisnotenoughmoneyinoperatingabstinenceeducationprogram.

C.AFYforbidsyouthtohavesex.

D.AFYthinksthatabstinenceprogramisanunprovenprogram.

第35題

Thepassagemaybetakenfroma

A.newspaper.

B.report.

C.commentary.

D.book.

上一題下一題

(36~40/共20題)SectionIIReading

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Watchingathree-and-a-half-poundchickenroastin14minutes,timelosesallmeaning.Theskin

turnsgoldandcrisp,juicesimmediatelyrisetothesurface,andthefleshfirmsbeforeyoureyes.

Itsdizzyingandseductive,likethehomemakeoversonTVthatcompressasWow.youthinkI

coulddothiseverysinglenight.

ThemakersoftheTurboChef,asuper-fastoven,usedatSubwayandStarbucksand,recently,

bychefslikeCharlieTrotterandGrayKurtz,arebankingonthatreaction.Speedovensmadeby

TurboChetMerrychef.Electroluxandothersarecommonincommercialkitchenstheygenerally

usesomelayeringofmicrowave,convection,steamandinfraredtechnologies,whichprovides

evencooking,moistnessandbrowning,allathighspeed.Nosingletechnologyhasbeenablem

produceallofthosetraits.

Thecombinationovensarealsominingup.inmorelimitedroles,insomefine-diningkitchens.

Mr.TrotterinstalledacommercialTurboChefinhisupscaletakeoutcafe,TrotterstogoinChicago

aboutsixyearsago.Mr.Kurtzsaysthathisspeedovenisusedmostlyforsouffles,reducingthe

cookingtimefrom25minutesto2.

Ilikedtakingthatlineoffthemenuwhereyouhavetoorderthesouffi6atthebeginningof

themeal,hesaid.Thisishardlyaneverydayconcernforhomecooks.Butmanufacturersare

unabletoresistthelureofthelucrativeresidentialmarketcompanieslikeElectrolux.G.E.and

Sharpalreadysellspeedovensforhomecooks.

TurboChef,however,hasputanunusualamountofresearchanddesignenergyintoadapting

itsproductforresidentialuse.Itwillbeintroducednextmonth,pricedat$5,995forasolounit

and$7,895foraTurboChefcombinedwithaconventionaloven.Thecompanyis

pitching—hard—thenotionthatitsappliancewilldonolessthanrevolutionizeAmericanhome

cooking.

Icantimagineahomecookwhowouldntrespondtothespeedofthisoven,saidMr.Trotter,

whohasbecomeaconsultantandspokesmanforTurboChef.Butspeedalonewouldntvalidateit.

Theresultsareglorious.

Gloriousisastrongword.Solastweek,Ihauledrawchickensandajugofsoufflebatterover

toTurboChefsNewYorkofficeforaroadtest.

Threehourslater,itwasclearthatthetechnologyusedbyTurboChef-acombinationof

high-speedconvectionforrapidheattransferandbrowning,pluscontrolledburstsofmicrowave

formoist,evencooking-isfarmoresuccessfulforactualcookingthanamicrowavealone

第36題

Thefirstsentencemeans.

A.itcoststoomuchtimetowatchathree-and-a-haltpoundchickenroast

B.onewillforgettimewhenhewatchesathree-and-a-half-poundchickenroast

C.itissofastthatathree-and-a-half-poundchickencanberoastedinsuchshorttime

D.itismeaninglesstowatchathree-and-a-half-poundchickenroastin14minutes

第37題

YoumayfindthiskindofspeedovensprobablyinallthefollowingplacesEXCEPT.

A.commercialkitchens

B.fine-diningkitchens

C.restaurants

□.familykitchens

第38題

Thewordlucrative(Para.4)implies.

A.profitable

B.beneficial

C.favorable

□.potential

第39題

BysayingButspeedalonewouldntvalidateit.Theresultsareglorious.,Mr.Trottermeans.

A.thespeedisnotthekeyreasonforsuccess

B.thesatisfactoryresultsarethedecisivefactortovalidatethesuccessoftheoven

C.besidestheadvantageofspeed,theovencanalsoproducemoresatisfactoryfood

D.noneoftheabove

第40題

Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

A.TurboChefsfutureproducts

B.TurboChefsmarketingpolicyofitsspeedoven

C.thesecretsofTuboChefsspeedoven

0.Combinationoven,TurboChefsnewmember

上一題下一題

(41~45/共5題)PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextra

choices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

[A]Likemanyscientificendeavors,Ekman'sfacereadinghasitscriticsandskeptics.Itzsnot

universallyacceptedasascience.Itzsnotacceptedasevidenceincourtsoflaw(norshoulditbe,

saysEkman).Also,afewpeoplesayithasadistinctlymenacingaspect.

[B]Ekman,apsychologistandscientistattheUniversityofCaliforniaatSanFrancisco,is

probablytheworldzsgreatestexpertonthehumanface,onthefeelingsthatourfacesrevealand

onthethingswetrytohide.

[C]Policeandintelligenceofficialscanalsobenefitfromknowingaboutfacialexpressions,

bodylanguageandvocalintonationswhentheyzrequestioningasuspect.

[D]Apotentialassassinlurksinacrowd.Canguardsspothimviathelanguageofhisfaceand

body

[E]Forinstance,onebranchofhisworkhastodowithmicroexpressions—brieffacial

announcementsofdeepemotion,lastingafractionofasecond,whichwewanttohide.

[F]Thehumanfacehas44musclesbeneathitsskin.Ekman,overthecourseofhiscareer;has

studiedeachofthesemusclesinfinickydetail,comingtosomestartlingconclusionsaboutthe

connectionbetweenthosemusclesandouremotions.

[G]Disgustcanbeindicatedbyawrinklednoseandaraisedupperlip.Itisoftensignaledby

raisingandtighteningthecornerofalip.

Mild-manneredPaulEkmanspent40yearsstudyingthehumanface.ThencameSeptember

11,2001.Nowtheprofessorhasbecomeawarrior;oneofAmerica'smostdedicatedfighters

againstterrorism.

_41_.

He'sdevotedmuchofhisworkinglifetodiscoveringhowtoreadfaceswithaccuracy,andto

solvesuchpuzzlesaswhichofthemusclesinthefacerevealfearWhichmusclesshowanger;

surprise,pleasure,anddisgust.

_42_.

Forexample;Agenuinesmileofenjoyment,asopposedtoaforced(orpolite)one,involves

notmerelythemusclesaroundthemouthbutalsoamusclearoundtheeye,which,amongother

things,causestheeyebrowstomovedownslightly.Ekmanhascatalogedthousandsoffacial

expressions.HisFacialActionCodingSystemisusedbyhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworld.

ButdothesefindingshavepracticalvalueIndeedtheydo,saysEkman.

_43_.

Forthatmoment,aperson'sinneremotion—thetruefeelingorthought-leaksoutthrough

theface,andthenitzsrepressed,perhapsdeliberately,perhapsunconsciously,tobereplacedbya

forcedsmileorablankface.

_44_.

Startingin1985,withthepublicationofhisbookTellingLies,Ekmanbeganworking

occasionallywithpolicedepartmentsandothergovernmentagenciesaroundthecountry.

_45_.

ACaliforniascholarnamedJulianBleecker,notingthatsciencehasalong,misguidedhistoryof

attemptingtoclassifypeopleaccordingtotheirphysicalcharacteristics,suggeststhatface

readingisjustanothereffortinthisperniciousandracisttradition.CynthiaCottswroteinaNew

YorkCity-basednewspaper;TheVillageVoice,thatthegovernment'sembraceofEkmanzsideas

couldbeseenasamajorpsychologicaladvance—oraflimsyexcuseforroundingupsuspects.

第41題

第42題

第43題

第44題

第45題

上一題下一題

(46~50/共5題)PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

Chinese.(10points)

Forthefirsttimeindecades,doctorshavebegunmakingmajorchangesinthetreatmentoflung

cancer,basedonresearchprovingthatchemotherapycansignificantlylengthenlifeformany

patientsforwhomitwaspreviouslythoughttobeuseless.Theshiftincareappliestoabout

50,000peopleayearintheUnitedStateswhohaveearlycasesofthemostcommonformofthe

disease,non-small-celllungcancer;andwhosetumorsareremovedbysurgery.(46)Manyofthese

patients,whojustafewyearsagowouldhavebeentreatedwithsurgeryalone,arenowbeing

givenchemotherapyaswell,justasitisroutinelygivenaftersurgeryforbreastorcolon(結(jié)腸)

cancer.Thenewapproachhasbrightenedapicturethatwasoftenbleak.Thebenefitisatleastas

good,andmaybebetterthanintheothercancers,saidDr.JohnMinna,alungcancerexpertand

researchdirectorattheUniversityofTexasSouthwesternMedicalCenterinDallas.Hesaidnew

discoverieswerehelpingtoeliminatedoctorsnihilisticattitudesaboutchemotherapyforlung

cancer.Thestandardofcarehaschanged,saidDr.ChristopherG.Azzoli,alungcancerspecialist

atMemorialSloan-KetteringCancerCenterinNewYork.(47)Amajorimpetusforthechange

cameayearago,whentwostudiespresentedatacancerconferenceshowedmarkedincreases

insurvivalinpatientswhoreceivedadjuvant(輔助的)chemotherapy,meaningthedrugswere

givenaftersurgery.Inonestudyof482patientsinCanadaandtheUnitedStates,ledbyDr.

TimothyWinton,asurgeonfromtheUniversityofAlberta,69percentofpatientswhohad

surgeryandchemotherapywerestillalivefiveyearslater,ascomparedwith54percentwhohad

justsurgery.Thepatientsweregivenacombinationoftwodrugs,cisplatinandvinorelbine,once

aweekfor16weeks.Intheworldoflungcancerresearch,asurvivaldifferenceof15percentage

pointsisenormous.(48)Overall,thepatientsgivenchemotherapylived94months,versus73

monthsinthosewhohadonlysurgery—alsoahugedifferenceinafieldinwhichatreatmentis

hailedasasuccessifitgivespatientseventhreeorfourextramonths.Asecondstudy,also

announcedattheconferencelastyear,hadsimilarfindings,andsodidathird,presentedjusta

monthagoattheannualmeetingofthesamecancergroup,theAmericanSocietyofClinical

Oncology,Atmajormedicalcenters,doctorsquicklybegantoputtheresultsintopractice.(49)The

findingsweresostunningfromthesestudiesayearagothattheybegantochangethestandard

ofcare,saidDr.PasiJanne,alungcancerspecialistatthe-DanaFarberCancerInstituteinBoston.

Overthelastyear,thenumberofpatientswevehadreferredhereforadjuvantchemotherapy

hasgoneupsteadily.(50)Butsomedoctorshesitatedtomakechanges,Dr.Wintonsaid,wanting

firsttoseethestudiespublishedinamedicaljournal,whichwouldmeanthedatahadstoodup

tothescrutiny(仔細(xì)I的檢查)ofeditorsandexpertreviewers.Now,hisstudyhasbecomethefirst

ofthethreetopassthattest.ItisbeingpublishedtodayinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine,

alongwithaneditorialbyDr.KatherineM.S.Pisters,alungcancerspecialistattheM.D.Anderson

CancerCenterinHouston.

第46題

第47題

第48題

第49題

第50題

上一題下一題

(l/l)SectionIIIWriting

PartA

Directions:Writeacomposition/letterofnolessthan100wordsonthefollowinginformation.

(10

points)

第51題

Beforeyouleaveuniversityyouwanttosellyourcomputer.Writeanoteofabout100words

1)describingtheconditionofyourcomputer;

2)howmuchyouwouldlikeforit,and;

3)whereyoucanbecontacted.

Youshouldwriteabout100words.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenote.UseLi

Minginstead.Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.

上一題下一題

(l/l)PartB

Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowinginformation.(20points)

第52題

Inthispart,youarerequiredtowriteanessayonSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY—ABLESSINGORA

CURSE

Youressayshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow

科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展使我們的生活發(fā)生了巨大的變化。請(qǐng)具體說(shuō)明這些積極變化。另一方