重慶市部分區2024-2025學年度第一學期期末聯考高二英語試題卷注意事項：1.考試時間：120分鐘，滿分：150分。試題總頁數：8頁。2.所有題目必須在答題卡上作答，在試題卷、草稿紙上答題無效。3.需要填涂的地方，一律用2B鉛筆涂滿涂黑。需要書寫的地方一律用0.5mm簽字筆。4.答題前，務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡規定的位置上。5.考試結束后，將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whereisthewomanplanningtogonextweekend?A.Onahikingtrip.B.Toafriend'swedding.C.Tothebeach.2.Whenwilltheticketsgoonsale?A.OnMay5th.B.OnMay8th.C.OnMarch25th.3.Whatisthewoman'ssuggestion?A.Handinginthemonthlyreportrightnow.B.Finishingthereportbytheendofthemonth.C.Deliveringthemonthlyreportafterlunch.4.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Clearthetable.B.Cleanthefloor.C.Dothewashing-up.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.PlansforMother'sDay.B.Flowersfortheirmothers.C.Cookingfortheirmothers.第二節(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7小題。6.WhydoesSimonmakethephonecall?A.ToremindEmmaabouttheappointment.B.ToaskaboutEmma'sexamresults.C.ToinformEmmaofhermeetings.7.WhatwillEmmadoonFriday?A.Goonatrip.B.Havemeetings.C.Takeahealthexam.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10小題。8.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Tomakeadate.B.Toseekhisadvice.C.Toexplainadecision.9.Howmanypoemsisthewomanconsideringfortheassignment?A.One.B.Two.C.Three.10.Whatisthewoman’finaldecision?A.Choosethepoemaboutemotion.B.Choosethepoemaboutnature.C.Choosethepoemaboutstrengths.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13小題。11.WhydoesCecilysaysorrytoPeter?A.Shehastogiveuphertravelpan.B.Shewantstovisitanothercity.C.SheneedstopreparetheChinesetest.12.WhatdoesCecilywantPetertodo?A.Helpherwithherstudy.B.Takeagifttoherfriend.C.Waituntilnextweek.13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenPeterandDan?A.Friends.B.Brothers.C.Classmates.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16小題。14.WhatisthesubjectofDanielAsh'snewbook?A.Unusualfood.B.Strangejobs.C.Famousactors.15.Whatisthejobofafoodstylist?A.Tocookfoodforads.B.Tomakefoodtastegoodinads.C.Tomakefoodlookniceinads.16.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetofoodstylists?A.Favourable.B.Critical.C.Unbelievable.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20小題。17.Howmanypeopleliveinthespeaker'shometown?A.Afewthousand.B.Afewhundred.C.Onlyadozen.18.WhatcanyoufindonMainStreet?A.Markets.B.Aschool.C.Ahairdresser.19.Whereisthepostoffice?A.AttheendofMainStreet.B.Nexttoschool.C.Inanearbytown.20.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthemostfunthingtodo?A.Runningaroundinthefields.B.Goingfishingintheriver.C.Goingclimbinginthemountains.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，滿分50分)第一節(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。APlantsandexposuretogreeneryhavebeenfoundtohavehealthbenefitsandlikeanynewskillorhobby,takingcareofhouseplantscomeswithdifficulty.Anyonestartingtocareforplantsshouldbepatientandallowthemselvestimetolearnthebasics.Hereareseveralplantsrecommendedforgivinghealthbenefits:SnakePlantThesepopularindoorplantshaveastrikingappearance,withdarkgreensword-shapedleavesthathaveyelloworwhitestripes.Itisagreatfirstplant,andisveryeasytocarefor.Itgrowsinspaceswithlowsunlight,hasvisualappealandcleanstheair.LavenderWellknownforitsrelaxingsmell,lavenderhasacalmingeftect,aidsinreducingstress,promotessleepandspeciallyhasanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)effectswhenusedasamedicineforskin.Youcancutitoffanddrytheleavesorevenputthemintoyourbath.PothosIfyouwanttogobrightgreen,trypothos.Theplantsgrowlongstemsthatcanhangfromapotandgrowdownward,orthestemscanclimbandgrowupward.Theycleantheairandlookbeautifulhangingdownabookcaseorshelf.LemonBalmThisfragrantgreenherbispartofthemintfamilyandissimpletoplant.Knownforitscalmingproperties,ithasalightlemonysmellandhasbeenusedtoimprovesleep,reducestressandanxiety.BasilTheexperienceofgrowing,pickingandusingherbsyou’vegrownyourselfhasapositiveimpactonyourmentalhealth,creatingasenseofaccomplishment.Eatingbasilhashealthbenefitstoo.Ithaspropertiesthathelptorelievestressandanxiety,andeatingitcanclearyourmind.1.WhatdoSnakePlantandPothoshaveincommon?A.Longstems. B.Brightgreenleaves.C.Cleaningtheair. D.Relaxingyourmind.2.WhatisspecialaboutLavender?A.Promotingsleep. B.Resistinginflammation.C.Reducingstress. D.Clearingyourmind.3.Whichonebelowisnotbeneficialtomentalhealth?A.SnakePlant. B.Lavender. C.LemonBalm. D.Basil.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了幾種有益于心理健康的植物。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據SnakePlant部分中的“Itgrowsinspaceswithlowsunlight,hasvisualappealandcleanstheair.(它生長在陽光不足的地方，具有視覺吸引力，還能凈化空氣。)”和Pothos部分中的“Theycleantheairandlookbeautifulhangingdownabookcaseorshelf.(它們可以清潔空氣，掛在書架上看起來很漂亮。)”可知，SnakePlant和Pothos的共同之處是它們都能凈化空氣，故選C。【2題詳解】細節理解題。根據Lavender部分中的“Wellknownforitsrelaxingsmell,Lavenderhasacalmingeftect,aidsinreducingstress,promotessleepandspeciallyhasanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)effectswhenusedasamedicineforskin.(薰衣草以其令人放松的氣味而聞名，它有鎮靜作用，有助于減輕壓力，促進睡眠，特別是當用作皮膚藥物時，它有抗炎作用。)”可知，薰衣草的特別之處是抗炎癥。故選B。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據Lavender部分“Wellknownforitsrelaxingsmell,lavenderhasacalmingeftect,aidsinreducingstress,promotessleepandspeciallyhasanti-inflammatory(抗炎的)effectswhenusedasamedicineforskin.(薰衣草以其令人放松的氣味而聞名，它有鎮靜作用，有助于減輕壓力，促進睡眠，特別是當用作皮膚藥物時，它有抗炎作用。)”，LemonBalm部分“Knownforitscalmingproperties,ithasalightlemonysmellandhasbeenusedtoimprovesleep,reducestressandanxiety.(它以鎮靜作用而聞名，有淡淡的檸檬味，被用來改善睡眠，減輕壓力和焦慮。)”和Basil部分“Ithaspropertiesthathelptorelievestressandanxiety,andeatingitcanclearyourmind.(它有幫助緩解壓力和焦慮的特性，吃它可以讓你頭腦清醒。)”可知，沒有對心理健康的好處的是SnakePlant.。故選A。BThestudentsstandonapier(碼頭)overtheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theystaredownintothebrownwater.Theirteacher,Mr.Rodman,pullsalongropeoutoftheriver.Fastenedtotheendoftheropeisametalcageandinsideareoysters(牡蠣).Takingturns,thestudentsmeasurealltheoysters,andthencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage!Theyalsomeasurethelevelofoxygen.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer,holdmoreoxygen.Andalso,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Oystersaresoft-bodiedanimals,andsharetheunderwatercommunitywithplants,fish,andotherlife.Theyarefoodforcrabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones,formingbigreefswithmanysmallspaceswhereotheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae(藻類).Ifalgaegrowtoofast,theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater—andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe!Butwhathappenedtotheoysters100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbour?Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.Theywereshippedtorestaurantsaroundtheworld.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Pollutionwaspouringintothewaters.Theharborbecameseriouslypolluted.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducepoisonouswaste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissinguntilrecently.TheBillionOysterProjectbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbour.Theprojecthasrecruited(招募)morethan6,500studentsatmorethan100middleschoolsandhighschoolstohelpgrow,distribute,andstudytheoysters.Finally,thestudentsputtheoystersbackinthecage.Mr.Rodmanlowersthecageintotheriver.Inafewmonths,theywillcheckthecageagain.Whentheoystersarebigenough,theywillbemovedtojoinahealthyreefinthemiddleoftheharbor.4.WhydostudentscometothepierovertheHarlemRiver?A.Todoresearch. B.Toletotheranimalsmovein.C.Tobuyoysters. D.Tocleanuptheriver.5.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whatoystersarelike. B.Howoystersgetfood.C.Whyalgaegrowfast. D.Whatroleoystersplay.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutoystersinNewYorkHarbour?A.People’sloveofeatingoystersboostedtheirnumbers.B.Pollutedwaterwastotallytoblameforthemissingofoysters.C.Thereexistednumerousoysters100yearsago.D.Newlawsinthe1970swerecrucialtooysters’recovery.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AlgaeRaisedinNewYorkHarbour B.TheHarlemRiverPollutedHeavilyC.TeacherDevotedtoWildlifeProtection D.Nature’sHelperBroughtBack【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了紐約港的牡蠣研究項目，學生參與牡蠣的養殖、分布和研究，旨在恢復紐約港的牡蠣數量。【4題詳解】細節理解題。由文章第一段“Takingturns,thestudentsmeasurealltheoysters,andthencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage!Theyalsomeasurethelevelofoxygen.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearer,holdmoreoxygen.Andalso,otheranimalsshouldmovein.(學生們輪流測量所有牡蠣的大小，然后交流測量結果。最大的牡蠣超過2英寸長，遠超過它這個年紀應有的健康大小！他們還測量了水中的含氧量。隨著牡蠣數量的增多，河水應該會變得更清澈，含氧量也會更高。同時，其他動物也會遷移進來。)”可知，學生們輪流測量、記錄，所以他們是來做研究的。故選A。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第二段“Oystersaresoft-bodiedanimals,andsharetheunderwatercommunitywithplants,fish,andotherlife.Theyarefoodforcrabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones,formingbigreefswithmanysmallspaceswhereotheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae(藻類).Ifalgaegrowtoofast,theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater—andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe!(牡蠣是軟體動物，與水下植物、魚類和其他生物共同構成了水下生態系統。它們是螃蟹和其他動物食物。隨著新牡蠣的生長，它們會把殼附著在較老的牡蠣上，形成大型礁石，礁石上有許多小動物居住的小空間。牡蠣以藻類為食。如果藻類生長過快，它們會減少水中的氧氣——甚至魚類也需要氧氣來呼吸！)”可知，第二段主要介紹了牡蠣的特點和它們在水下生態系統中的作用，包括它們是其他動物的食物、能形成礁石供其他動物居住以及它們吃藻類的習性。因此，本段主要講述牡蠣的作用。故選D。【6題詳解】細節理解題。由文章第三段中“Butwhathappenedtotheoysters100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbour?Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.(但是100年前紐約港的牡蠣怎么樣了？在此之前，這些水域生活著大量的牡蠣。)”可知，100年前紐約港的牡蠣數量很多。故選C。【7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章倒數第三段“TheBillionOysterProjectbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbour.Theprojecthasrecruited(招募)morethan6,500studentsatmorethan100middleschoolsandhighschoolstohelpgrow,distribute,andstudytheoysters.(“十億牡蠣計劃”始于2014年，旨在幫助牡蠣重返紐約港。該項目已經招募了100多所中學和高中超過6500名學生，幫助他們養殖、分發和研究牡蠣。)”可知，文章主要講述了“十億牡蠣計劃”幫助紐約港恢復牡蠣數量的故事，特別是學生們參與這一計劃的情況。因此，最佳標題應該是與牡蠣和恢復相關的，選項D“Nature’sHelperBroughtBack(大自然的幫手回來了)”最能概括文章主旨。故選D。COneday,whenIwasworkingasapsychologist(心理學家)inEngland,apersonshowedupinmyoffice.Ilookedupanddownthejuvenile.ItwasDavid.Hekeptwalkingupanddownrestlessly,hisfacepale,andhishandsshakingslightly.Hisheadteacherhadreferredhimtome.“Thisboyhaslosthisfamily,”hewrote.“Heisunderstandablyverysadandrefusestotalktoothers,andI’mveryworriedabouthim.Canyouhelp?”IlookedatDavidandshowedhimtoachair.HowcouldIhelphim?Thereareproblemspsychologydoesn’thavetheanswerto,andwhichnowordscandescribe.Sometimesthebestthingonecandoistolistenopenlyandsympathetically.Thefirsttwotimeswemet,Daviddidntsayaword.Hesatthere,onlylookinguptolookatthechildrensdrawingsonthewallbehindme.Isuggestedweplayagameofchess.Henodded.AfterthatheplayedchesswithmeeveryWednesdayafternoon—incompletesilenceandwithoutlookingatme.Itsnoteasytocheatinchess,butIadmitImadesureDavidwononceortwice.Usually,hearrivedearlierthanagreed,tookthechessboardandpiecesfromtheshelfandbegansettingthemupbeforeIevengotachancetositdown.Itseemedasifheenjoyedmycompany.Butwhydidheneverlookatme?“Perhapshesimplyneedssomeonetosharehispainwith,”Ithought.“PerhapshesensesthatIrespecthissuffering.”Somemonthslater,whenwewereplayingchess,helookedupatmesuddenly.“Itsyourturn,”hesaid.Afterthatday,Davidstartedtalking.Hegotfriendsinschoolandjoinedabicycleclub.Hewrotetomeafewtimes,abouthisbikingwithsomefriends,andabouthisplantogetintouniversity.Nowhehadreallystartedtolivehisownlife.MaybeIgaveDavidsomething.ButIalsolearnedthatone—withoutanywords—canreachouttoanotherperson.Allittakesisahug,ashouldertocryon,afriendlytouch,andanearthatlistens.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“juvenile”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Teenager. B.Adult. C.Infant. D.Elderly.9.Asapsychologist,theauthor_____.A.wasdoubtfulaboutpsychology B.wasreadytolistentoDavidC.wasabletodescribeDavidsproblem D.wassureofhandlingDavidsproblem10.WhatcanbeinferredaboutDavid?A.Helikedbikingbeforehelosthisfamily.B.Herecoveredaftermonthsoftreatment.C.Hewentintouniversitysoonafterstartingtotalk.D.Hegotfriendsinschoolbeforehemettheauthor.11.WhatmainlymadeDavidchange?A.Hischessgameswiththeauthor. B.Theauthorsfriendship.C.Hisexchangeofletterswiththeauthor. D.Theauthorssilentcompany.【答案】8.A9.B10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者幫助失去家人的少年David走出陰霾的故事。【8題詳解】詞句猜測題。由文章第一段中“Ilookedupanddownthejuvenile.ItwasDavid.Hekeptwalkingupanddownrestlessly,hisfacepale,andhishandsshakingslightly.Hisheadteacherhadreferredhimtome.“Thisboyhaslosthisfamily,”hewrote.“Heisunderstandablyverysadandrefusestotalktoothers,andI’mveryworriedabouthim.Canyouhelp?”(我上下打量著這位juvenile，原來是David。他不停地走來走去，臉色蒼白，雙手微微顫抖。他的班主任把他介紹給了我。“這個孩子失去了家人，”他寫道，“他因此非常傷心，拒絕與他人交談，我很擔心他。你能幫幫他嗎？”)”可知，班主任把他介紹給作者，說他失去了家人。由此可推知，作者打量了一下這個少年，故juvenile意為“青少年，少年”，與Teenager“青少年”意思相符。故選A。【9題詳解】細節理解題。由文章第二段中“Sometimesthebestthingonecandoistolistenopenlyandsympathetically.(有時候，一個人能做的最好的事情就是敞開心扉，充滿同情地去傾聽。)”可知，作為一名心理學家，作者準備好傾聽David。故選B。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數第二段“Afterthatday,Davidstartedtalking.Hegotfriendsinschoolandjoinedabicycleclub.Hewrotetomeafewtimes,abouthisbikingwithsomefriends,andabouthisplantogetintouniversity.Nowhehadreallystartedtolivehisownlife.(從那天起，David開始說話了。他在學校里交了朋友，還加入了一個自行車俱樂部。他給我寫過幾封信，講述了他和朋友們一起騎自行車的經歷，以及他打算上大學的計劃。現在，他已經真正地開始過自己的生活了。)”可知，經過幾個月的治療后，David康復了。故選B。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章倒數第四段中“Somemonthslater,whenwewereplayingchess,helookedupatmesuddenly.(幾個月后，當我們下棋時，他突然抬頭看了我一眼。)”、倒數第三段““Itsyourturn,”hesaid.(“該你走了，”他說。)”以及最后一段中“ButIalsolearnedthatone—withoutanywords—canreachouttoanotherperson.Allittakesisahug,ashouldertocryon,afriendlytouch,andanearthatlistens.(但我也意識到，一個人無需任何言語就能與另一個人建立聯系。所需要的只是一個擁抱、一個可以依靠的肩膀、一個友好的觸摸，以及一只傾聽的耳朵。)”可知，是作者的默默陪伴讓David發生了改變。故選D。DAlmosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,theevolutionofwheelsisaremarkablejourneythathasspannedover5,500years,withitsoriginstracingbacktoancientAsia.Theoldestknowntransportwheelwasdiscoveredin2002inSlovenia.Itisover5,100yearsold.Evidencesuggeststhatwheelsfortransportdidn’tbecomepopularforawhile,though.Thiscouldbebecauseanimalscancarryheavyloads,suchasfarmingtools,articlesofdailyuseandhumansaround,makingwheelsseemunnecessary.Butitcouldalsobebecauseofadifficultsituation.Theconstructionofsmoothroadsurfaces,whicharecrucialfortheefficientoperationofwheels.Whilewheelsneedtorollonsmoothsurface,roadswithsmoothsurfacesweren’tgoingtobeconstructeduntiltherewasplentyofdemandforthem.Eventually,roadsurfacesdidbecomesmoother,butthisdifficultsituationappearedagainafewcenturieslater.Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad—abaselayeroflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmackedroads(柏油路).Aswheeldesigntookoff,vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.Despitethereasonsfortheirdelayedpopularityremainingunclear,itisevidentthatwheelshaveplayedasignificantroleinshapingthemodernworld.FromancientAsiatomoderntimes,wheelshaverevolutionizedtransportation,makingitfaster,moreefficient,andmoreaccessibletopeoplearoundglobe.12.Whatmightexplainwhytransportwheelsdidn’tbecomepopularforsometime?A.Fewknewhowtousetransportwheels.B.Humanscarriedfarmingtoolsjustaswell.C.Animalswereagoodmeansoftransport.D.Theexistenceoftransportwheelswasnotknown.13.Whatdoweknowaboutroaddesignfromthepassage?A.Itwaseasierthanwheeldesign.B.Itimprovedafterbigchangesinvehicledesign.C.Ithadbeennochangebeforethearrivalofwheeldesign.D.Itcontributedtothedevelopmentofwheeldesign.14.Howisthefourthparagraphmainlydeveloped?A.Byfollowingtimeorder. B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Bygivingdata. D.Bymakingexplanations.15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thebeginningofroaddesign. B.Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.C.Thehistoryofpublictransport. D.Theinventionoffast-movingvehicles.【答案】12.C13.D14.A15.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講述的是輪子的發明、發展及其對現代世界，特別是交通運輸領域的重要影響。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第二段“Thiscouldbebecauseanimalscancarryheavyloads,suchasfarmingtools,articlesofdailyuseandhumansaround,makingwheelsseemunnecessary.(這可能是因為動物可以攜帶重物，比如農具、日常用品和周圍的人，這使得輪子似乎沒有必要。)”可知，運輸輪子在一段時間內沒有流行起來是因為動物是一種很好的交通工具。故選C。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第三段“Therehadbeennoimportantchangesinwheelandvehicledesignbeforethearrivalofmodernroaddesign.(在現代道路設計出現之前，車輪和車輛的設計并沒有發生重大變化。)”和文章第四段“Aswheeldesigntookoff,vehiclesgotfasterandfaster.(隨著車輪設計的發展，車輛變得越來越快。)”可知，道路設計的發展促進了車輪的發展。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段“Inthemid-1700s,aFrenchmancameupwithanewdesignofroad—abaselayeroflargestonescoveredwithathinlayerofsmallerstones.AScotsmanimprovedonthisdesigninthe1820sandastrong,lastingroadsurfacebecameareality.Ataroundthesametime,metalhubs(thecentralpartofawheel)cameintobeing,followedbythepneumatictyre(充氣輪胎)in1846.Alloywheelswereinventedin1967,sixtyyearsaftertheappearanceoftarmackedroads(柏油路).(18世紀中期，一位法國人想出了一種新的道路設計——一層大石頭覆蓋一層薄薄的小石頭。一位蘇格蘭人在19世紀20年代改進了這種設計，堅固耐用的路面成為現實。大約在同一時間，金屬輪轂（車輪的中心部分）出現了，接著是1846年的充氣輪胎。合金車輪發明于1967年，比柏油路晚了60年。)”可知，第四段是按照時間順序展開的，故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“Almosteverymachinewithmovingpartshaswheels,yetnooneknowsexactlywhenthefirstwheelwasinventedorwhatitwasusedfor.Wedoknow,theevolutionofwheelsisaremarkablejourneythathasspannedover5,500years,withitsoriginstracingbacktoancientAsia.(幾乎所有有活動部件的機器都有輪子，但是沒有人確切地知道第一個輪子是什么時候發明的，或者它是用來做什么的。我們知道，車輪的演變是一個跨越5500多年的非凡旅程，它的起源可以追溯到古代亞洲。)”可知，全文講述了車輪發展歷程及道路設計對車輪發展的影響，因此本文的主旨是B選項“Thedevelopmentoftransportwheels.(運輸車輪的發展。)”。故選B。第二節(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoRespectYourselfDevelopingastrongsenseofself-respectcannotonlyhelpyoufulfillyourpotential,butalsodevelophealthyrelationships.___16___Takethesefourstepstoknowhowtofeelhappywithwhoyouareandmaketheworldtreatyouasyoudeservetobetreated.Gettoknowyourself___17___Andyou’llrespectyourselfmore.Discoveryourprinciples,personality,andtalents.Itcantakeawhiletocompletethisexcitingprocessofself-discovery,butyou’11quicklyseethatitwasworthit.Forgiveyourself.Ifyouwanttorespectyourself,thenyouhavetobeabletoforgiveyourselfforthingsyou’vedoneinthepastthatyou’renotproudof.___18___Even,youhavetoapologizetoothersifnecessaryandworkonmovingforward.Don’tforgetyou’realsohuman.Afterall,anybodywillmakemistakes.0fcourse,makingmistakesisthewaywelearn,soyoushouldlearntoacceptthemandforgiveyourself.___19___Becomfortableinyourownskin,learningtoloveandacceptthepersonthatyouare.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouhavetothinkthatyou’reperfect,butyouhavetolearntoembraceyourself.Behappywithallofthethingsyouloveaboutyourself,andbeokaywiththepartsofyouthatareless-than-perfect,especiallytheonesyoucan’tchange.Workonbuildingyourconfidence.Achievingself-respectisdifficultifyou’renothappywithwhoyouare,howyoulook,orwhatyou’redoing.Buildingtrueconfidencetakesalotofwork.___20___A.Improveyourself.B.Acceptyourself.C.Sometimes,youhavetoadmitwhatyoudidwaswrong.D.However,doingafewsimplethingseverydaycanstartyouonyourway.E.Youdon’thavetobeperfect,butyoushouldgenerallyactinanadmirablemanner.F.Moreimportantly,itmakeseveryonearoundyouseeyouasapersonwhoisworthyofrespect.G.Themoreyouunderstandaboutyourself,themoreyou’llappreciatehowuniqueyoureallyare.【答案】16.F17.G18.C19.B20.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了如何培養自尊的四個步驟，包括了解自己、原諒自己、接受自己和建立自信。【16題詳解】根據前文“Developingastrongsenseofself-respectcannotonlyhelpyoufulfillyourpotential,butalsodevelophealthyrelationships.(培養強烈的自尊感不僅能幫助你發揮潛力，還能建立健康的人際關系。)”可知，前文提到培養強烈的自尊感可以建立健康的人際關系。F選項Moreimportantly,itmakeseveryonearoundyouseeyouasapersonwhoisworthyofrespect.(更重要的是，它讓你周圍的每個人都把你看作是一個值得尊重的人。)承接上文內容，符合語境，其中該句中的“it”指代前文的“Developingastrongsenseofself-respect”，進一步闡述了自尊的重要性，與前文構成遞進關系。故選F項。【17題詳解】根據小標題“Gettoknowyourself.(了解你自己。)”以及后文“Andyou'llrespectyourselfmore.Discoveryourprinciples,personality,andtalents.(并且你會更尊重自己。發現你的原則、個性和才能。)”可知，該段主要講的是尊重自己和了解自己。G選項Themoreyouunderstandaboutyourself,themoreyou’llappreciatehowuniqueyoureallyare.(你對自己了解得越多，你就會越欣賞自己的獨特之處。)可知，符合了解自己這一主題，且“themore...themore...”的結構與后文“andyou’llrespectyourselfmore”相呼應。故選G項。【18題詳解】根據小標題“Forgiveyourself.(原諒你自己。)”以及前文“Ifyouwanttorespectyourself,thenyouhavetobeabletoforgiveyourselfforthingsyou’vedoneinthepastthatyou’renotproudof.(如果你想尊重自己，那么你必須能夠原諒自己過去做過的那些你不引以為傲的事情。)”提到原諒自己。后文“Even,youhavetoapologizetoothersifnecessaryandworkonmovingforward.(甚至，如果有必要，你必須向別人道歉并努力向前)”提到向別人道歉并努力向前。C選項Sometimes,youhavetoadmitwhatyoudidwaswrong.(有時候，你必須承認你所做的是錯誤的。)可知，承上啟下，先說明要承認自己的錯誤，再引出后文必要時向別人道歉。故選C項。【19題詳解】根據后文“Becomfortableinyourownskin,learningtoloveandacceptthepersonthatyouare.Thisdoesn’tmeanyouhavetothinkthatyou’reperfect,butyouhavetolearntoembraceyourself.Behappywithallofthethingsyouloveaboutyourself,andbeokaywiththepartsofyouthatareless-than-perfect,especiallytheonesyoucan’tchange.(坦然接受自己，學會愛并接受真實的自己。這并不意味著你必須認為自己是完美的，但你必須學會接納自己。為自己喜歡的所有方面感到開心，并且接受自己不那么完美的部分，尤其是那些你無法改變的部分。)”可知，這部分主要講的是要接受自己，B選項“Acceptyourself.”（接受你自己），符合這部分的主旨，適合作為該段的小標題。故選B項。【20題詳解】根據小標題“Workonbuildingyourconfidence.(努力建立你的自信。)”以及前文“Buildingtrueconfidencetakesalotofwork.(建立真正的自信需要很多努力。)”提到努力建立你的自信。D選項However,doingafewsimplethingseverydaycanstartyouonyourway.(然而，每天做一些簡單的事情可以讓你踏上建立自信的道路。)可知，“However”表示轉折，與前文建立自信需要很多努力形成對比，說明雖然不容易，但可以從每天做簡單的事情開始。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節，滿分30分)第一節(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Wehavebeendrivinginfogallmorning,butthefogisthinningnow.Thelittleseasidevillagesare___21___,onebyone.“Thereismygrandmother’shouse,”Isay,___22___acrossthebaytoashabbyoldhouse.IaminNovaScotiaonapilgrimage(朝圣)withLise,mygranddaughter,seekingrootsforher,retracing(追溯)___23___memoryforme.Lisewasoneofthemobilechildren,___24___fromhousetohouseinchildhood.Shelongsforasenseof___25___,andsowehavecometoNovaScotiawheremyhusbandandIwerebornandwhereourancestors___26___for200years.WesoonpullupbythehouseandItellherwhatitwaslikehere,thememories___27___back,swiftasthetide(潮水).Suddenly,IlongtowalkagaininthehousewhereIwasoncesogloriouslyachild.Itstill___28___amemberofthefamily,buthasnotbeenlivedinforawhile.Wecannotgointothehouse,butIcanstillwalkthroughtheroomsinmemory.Here,mymother___29___inherbedroomwindowandwroteinherdiary.Icanstillseetheenthusiasticfamily___30___intoandoutofthehouse.Icouldneverhaveenoughofbeingwiththem.However,thatwaslongafterthosechildhooddays.Lise___31___attentivelyasItalkandthensays,“SothisiswhereI___32___:whereIbelong.”Shehas___33___herroots.ToknowwhereIcomefromisoneofthegreatlongingsofthehuman___34___.Toberootedis“tohaveanorigin”.Weneedthatorigin.Lookingbackward,wediscoverwhatisuniqueinus;learnthe___35___of“I”.Wemustallgohomeagain—inrealityormemory.21.A.appearing B.moving C.exploding D.expanding22.A.referring B.travelling C.pointing D.coming23.A.shared B.short C.forgettable D.precious24.A.passing B.fleeing C.moving D.sending25.A.belonging B.duty C.reality D.relief26.A.built B.lived C.remained D.explored27.A.falling B.holding C.rushing D.giving28.A.adaptsto B.devotesto C.belongsto D.occursto29.A.lay B.played C.stood D.sat30.A.marching B.looking C.breaking D.pouring31.A.wonders B.listens C.reacts D.agrees32.A.began B.planted C.studied D.stayed33.A.deepened B.recognized C.accepted D.found34.A.heart B.rights C.interest D.behaviors35.A.meaning B.expression C.connection D.style【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.C25.A26.B27.C28.C29.D30.D31.B32.A33.D34.A35.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是作者與孫女Lise一同前往NovaScotia的一次尋根之旅。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：海邊的小村莊一個接一個地出現了。A.appearing出現；B.moving搬家；C.exploding爆炸；D.expanding擴大。根據上文“butthefogisthinningnow”可知，大霧散后，那些村莊一個接一個地出現。故選A。【22題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“那是我奶奶的房子，”我說，指著海灣對面一棟破舊的老房子。A.referring提到；B.travelling旅行；C.pointing指；D.coming來。根據上文“Thereismygrandmother’shouse”和下文“acrossthebaytoashabbyoldhouse”可知，作者是指著海灣對面的房子說那是作者奶奶的房子。故選C。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我和我的孫女Lise在NovaScotia朝圣，為她尋根，為我尋回珍貴的記憶。A.shared共享的；B.short短的；C.forgettable易被忘記的；D.precious珍貴的。根據下文“memoryforme”可知，此處是指找回珍貴的回憶。故選D。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Lise是一個流動的孩子，從小就從一家搬到另一家。A.passing經過；B.fleeing逃跑；C.moving搬家；D.sending發送。根據上文“mobilechildren”和下文“fromhousetohouse”可知，Lise從小就從一家搬到另一家。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她渴望一種歸屬感，所以我們來到了我和丈夫出生的NovaScotia，我們的祖先在那里生活了2