專題八動詞的分類與辨析考點一動詞的分類及動詞短語考點突破考點二動詞的詞義辨析考點一動詞的分類及動詞短語考點突破一、動詞的分類動詞的種類包括實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞和情態動詞。(一)實義動詞實義動詞是能獨立作謂語的動詞。按其句法功能可分為及物動詞和不及物動

詞。1.及物動詞及物動詞本身意義不完整,需要接賓語才能使其意思完整。(1)動詞+賓語Ilikethisbookverymuch.我非常喜歡這本書。(2)動詞+賓語+賓補WecallthebirdPolly.我們叫這只鳥Polly。Isawthechildrenplayintheparkyesterday.昨天我看見孩子們在公園玩。注意:用省略to的不定式或現在分詞作賓補的動詞有:have,see,watch,notice,hear

等。(3)動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語Pleasepassmethesalt.請把鹽遞給我。常見的帶雙賓語的動詞有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell

等。2.不及物動詞不及物動詞自身意思完整,無需接賓語。Horsesrunfast.馬跑得很快。(1)有些動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。WestudyEnglish.我們學習英語。(及物動詞)Westudyhard.我們努力學習。(不及物動詞)(2)有些不及物動詞與一些別的詞搭配在一起構成動詞短語,它的作用相當于一

個及物動詞。1)動詞+介詞Listentotheteachercarefully.仔細聽老師講。注意:此類動詞短語后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞,都只能放在介詞后面,不

能放在動詞和介詞之間。2)動詞+副詞+介詞Let'sgoonwithourwork!讓我們繼續我們的工作吧!Hegetsalongwellwithhisclassmates.他與同學們相處得很好。注意:這類動詞短語后的賓語只能放在介詞的后面。實義動詞按其持續性可分為延續性動詞和非延續性動詞。①延續性動詞延續性動詞表示動作是可以持續的,可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用。如:live,

study,work,keep,teach等。如:WehavelivedinSuzhousince2001.自2001年以來,我們一直住在蘇州。Youcankeepthisbookfortwoweeks.這本書你可以借兩周。②非延續性動詞非延續性動詞表示瞬間動作,動作一旦發生立即結束,如:buy,lend,borrow,die,be-

gin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延續性動詞不能和表示一段時間的

狀語連用。如果和表示一段時間的狀語連用,就要用其他的詞代替。Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortwoyears.那個老人已經去世兩年了。(這里不能用hasdied)Hearrivedherefivedaysago.他五天前到這兒的。(二)系動詞系動詞本身有詞義,但不能單獨作謂語,必須與表語一起構成謂語,說明主語的

狀態、性質、特征或身份。1.表示狀態常見的有:be“是”;stay“保持”;keep“保持”;remain“保持”等。如:Itremainsasecret.它現在還是個秘密。2.表示感官、表象常見的有:look“看起來”;feel“摸起來”;smell“聞起來”;sound“聽起來”;taste“嘗起來”等。如:Theflowerssmellsweet.花聞起來很香。3.表示轉變和結果常見的有:become“變成”;get/turn/grow“變得”等。如:Herfaceturnsred.她的臉紅了。(三)助動詞助動詞本身沒有意義,它只是幫助實義動詞或系動詞構成謂語,表示疑問、否

定、時態、語態等。有些單詞并不是固定的助動詞,如動詞be、have、do等在

句子中與實義動詞或系動詞一起構成各種時態、語態、否定句、疑問句時,才擔當起助動詞的作用。常見的助動詞還有will,shall,would,should等。(四)情態動詞有一定的詞義,本身并不表示動作或狀態,而僅僅表示說話人的態度。它在句中

需和主要動詞一起構成謂語。(詳見“專題十一情態動詞”)動詞+介詞laughat嘲笑pointat指著worryabout擔憂agreewith贊成askfor請求talkabout談論動詞+副詞pickup撿起growup長大lookout當心stayup熬夜動詞+名詞makeprogress取得進步makefaces做鬼臉動詞+名詞+介詞makefriendswith...和……交朋友giveone'slifeto...獻身于……動詞+副詞+介詞stayawayfrom遠離getalongwith進展;相處動詞+介詞+名詞gotoschool去上學gotobed上床睡覺二、動詞短語1.常見的動詞短語有以下幾種形式:2.常見的動詞短語:take短語takeup占據

takeaway帶走;拿走

takeoff(飛機)起飛;脫掉

takedown寫下;記下

takeout切除

takeplace發生

takecareof照顧

takepartin參加

make短語makeadecision作出決定

makeamistake犯錯

makealiving謀生

makeup組成;構成

turn短語turnon打開

turnoff關閉

turnup開大;調高

turndown調低;關小

turnin上交

turnout結果是

give短語giveup放棄

givein屈服;讓步

giveaway捐贈

giveout散發;分發

giveoff發出(光、熱等)

get短語getto到達

getup起床;起來

getover克服

geton上車

getoff下車

gettogether相聚

getreadyfor...為……做準備

keep短語keepout留在外面

keepoff使……不接近;回避某話題

keepupwith并駕齊驅;跟上

keepawayfrom遠離

keepintouch保持聯系

keephealthy保持健康

put短語putup搭建;張貼

puton穿上;上演

putoff推遲;拖延

putout熄滅

putaway把……收起來

putdown寫下;記下

putupwith容忍

look短語lookat看

lookfor尋找

lookafter照顧

lookup查閱

lookthrough瀏覽

lookaround環顧

come短語comeon加油;快點

comeout出現;出版

comeover突然感到

comealong出現;跟隨

go短語goon繼續

goback回到

goaway走開;離開

goby(時間)流逝

goover仔細檢查

gooff熄滅;離開

三個(be)usedtobeusedtodoingsth.表示習慣做某事,此時to是介詞,后用v.-ing形式

usedtodosth.表示過去常常做某事

beusedtodosth.被用來做某事考點二動詞的詞義辨析常見的動詞詞義辨析:三個“到達”getgetto+地點名詞

reach及物動詞,后面可直接接地點名詞

arrivearrivein+大地點(名詞)arriveat+小地點(名詞)三個“借”borrow非延續性動詞,表示主語“借入”,常用搭配borrowsth.fromsb.

lend非延續性動詞,表示主語“借出”,常用搭配lendsth.tosb.

keep延續性動詞,表示“長時間地借”三個“穿”dressdresssb.給某人穿衣服;dressup裝扮

puton“穿上,戴上”,表示動作

wear“穿著,戴著”,表示狀態四個“看”see“看見”,表示結果

look“看”,表示動作,是不及物動詞,后面需加介詞at才能接賓語

watch“觀看(比賽、電視)”

read“看(書、報)”,表示閱讀四個“拿”bring“帶來,拿來”,表示“拿到靠近說話人的地方”

take“拿去,帶走”,表示“拿到遠離說話人的地方”

carry“扛,搬,用力移動”,沒有方向

fetch“去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿東西”四個“說”speak作及物動詞時后接表示語言的名詞,也指在會議上發言

say常跟直接引語或間接引語,并且表示說的內容

talk是不及物動詞,常跟介詞to和with,意為“同……談話”,也表示具有說話的能力

tell意為“告訴”,tellstories意為“講故事”四個“花費”spend人作主語,表示花費時間或金錢,后接onsth.或(in)doingsth.

cost物作主語,意為“某物花費多少錢”

take可用于固定句型表示花費一段時間做某事,其結構為:It+takes/took+一段時間+todosth.

pay與介詞for連用兩個“找”lookfor強調尋找的過程

find強調找的結果兩個“聽”listentolisten為不及物動詞,與to組成固定搭配,強調聽的動作

hear強調聽的結果四個有關“贏、輸”lose意為“被打敗;輸掉”,常用搭配:losetosb.輸給某人

fail意為“失敗”或“未做成某事”

beat意為“打敗”,后接某人或某支隊伍

win意為“贏得”,如:贏得榮譽、地位、比賽等三個“參加”join一般指加入“黨派”或“組織”,如參軍、入黨等

takepartin指參加聚會或活動

attend一般指出席會議四個“變化”turn一般用于顏色的變化

get天變黑、變長或變短

become天氣變暖或變冷等,表示漸變

grow形狀變大或變小一、選詞填空1.(2019河南)Youcan'tchangewhoyouarebyreadingabookorchangetheway

youactbywatchingavideo.Whatmatters

iswhatyoudo,notwhatyouknow.

(includes/decides/means/matters)2.(2019河南)Iaskedmyfathertopick

meup

attheschoolgateat6:30so

thatwecouldvisitGrandmatogether.(pick;up/turn;down/let;down/cheer;up)3.(2019天津)Weshouldavoid

makinganoiseinthelibrary.(avoid/prefer/prac-

tise/enjoy)中考題組4.(2019天津)IfyouwanttojointheMusicClub,fillout

theform,please.(go

out/fillout/getup/warmup)5.(2019江蘇南京)TinacomestoChinainordertoexperienceChinesecultureand

findout

whichuniversityisthebestforhertoattend.(putout/stayout/findout/

runout)6.(2019山西)Fightingforyourdreamsislikeclimbingamountain.Whateverdiffi-

cultiesyoumeet,don'tgiveup

.Justmoveon.(setoff/comeout/giveup)7.(2019湖北武漢)—Iwon'ttellthistoanyone.—Promise

?(Agree/Guess/Hope/Promise)8.(2019湖北武漢)—WhywereyoushoutingatTom?—Itoldhimtobequiet,buthekepton

talking.(joinedin/endedup/kepton/put

off)9.(2019江西)You'llhavetoshare

thebooksbecausetherearen'tenoughfor

everyone.(pack/sell/choose/share)10.(2019福建)—Ihavetroublespeaking

English,Mr.Lee.—WhynotgototheEnglishCornerandtrytotalkwithothers?(reading/writing/

speaking)11.(2019福建)MydeskmateandIaregoingtoputon

atalkshowatthepartytocelebratethe70thbirthdayofourmotherland.(handin/puton/takeout)12.(2019安徽)—Hello,BeijingHotel.CanIhelpyou?—Yes,I'dliketobook

asingleroomfortwonights.(enter/move/book/pro-

vide)13.(2019新疆)—I'mafraidhisradioistoonoisy.Willyoupleaseask

himto

turnitdown

alittle?—Sure.(ask;turnitdown/allow;turniton/tell;turnitup/advise;turnitoff)14.(2019吉林)Wealwayscleanup

ourclassroomeveryFridayafternoon.

(cleanup/putup/useup)15.(2019貴州銅仁)—DoyouknowanythingaboutC919?—Ofcourse.It'sakindofplanewhichismadein

China.(ismadeof/ismade

in/ismadefrom/ismadeupof)16.(2019江蘇蘇州)Wouldyoupleaseturnoff

thelight?Ican'tsleepwell

withiton.(turnon/turnoff/turnto/turnaround)17.(2019甘肅蘭州)—CanIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,please.Iamlookingfor

ablueT-shirt.(lookingup/lookingfor/looking

after/lookingthrough)18.(2019湖北襄陽)—WhatdoesHuawei'snewestsmartphonelooklike?—It'swonderful!Youcanfold

itinhalfjustlikeclosingabook.(hand/pass/

fold/cut)19.(2019河北)OnthefirstdayofChineseNewYear,weputon

newclothes

andvisitpeople.(pickup/puton/takeoff/throwaway)20.(2019廣西南寧)John,pleasetakeout

yourdictionaryfromtheschoolbag

andlookupthenewword.(takeaway/takeup/takeoff/takeout)21.(2019內蒙古呼和浩特)—Jack,let'shaveapicnicafterschool.—Sorry.Ihavepromised

Franktoworkonthebiologyreportwithhim.(ad-

vised/expected/suggested/promised)22.(2019內蒙古呼和浩特)IreallyneedtotakemoreexercisebecauseI'm

puttingon

weight.(puttingdown/puttingon/puttingoff/puttingaway)23.(2019山東青島)TheEnglishSpeechCompetitionbroughtout

thebestin

her.Asaresult,sheismoreactivenow.(checkedout/triedout/leftout/broughtout)24.(2018河南)—Hey,Jeremy.TonyandIwanttotry

thenewItalianrestau-

ranttonight.Comewithus!—Whynot?(try/taste/choose/search)25.(2018河南)—Jackistellingeveryonehehasboughtanewcar.—Paynoattentiontohim.Heisjustshowingoff

.(takingoff/showingoff/driv-ingoff/settingoff)26.(2018天津)Iamafraidwecannotafford

totakeataxi.Let'sgobyunder-

groundinstead.(refuse/afford/forget/fall)27.(2018河北)Canyouhelpmepickup

thepen?It'sunderyourchair.(askfor

/lookfor/pickup/putup)28.(2018江蘇蘇州)—WhatdoyouthinkofJason?—Hehasimpressed

mewithhisgoodsenseofhumour.(impressed/admired/

reminded/warned)29.(2018湖北武漢)Itookthesubwayandgotoff

atthedowntownstation.(gotthrough/gotover/goton/gotoff)30.(2018山東濰坊)Thephotosthatwonthefirstprizeinthecompetitionwillbe

putup

onthewebsite.(putaway/putoff/putup/puton)31.(2018安徽)—I'mafraidImightforgettobuythebreadafterwork.—Don'tworry.Iwillremind

youthen.(notice/allow/remind/promise)32.(2018貴州貴陽)Weshouldspend

moretimetalkingwithourteachersso

thattheycanunderstandusbetter.(pay/spend/take)33.(2017河南)Don'tknowwhereyourkidsareinthehouse?TurnofftheInternet

andthey'llshowup

quickly.(getup/standup/showup/hurryup)34.(2017河南)Theplaneremained

onthegroundfortwomorehoursbecause

ofthebadweather.(ran/moved/shook/remained)二、語篇填空(2020河南中考預測)閱讀短文,從方框中選擇適當的詞并用其正確形式填空,使短文通順、意思完

整。每空限填一詞,每詞限用一次。specialwithoutshesoencourage

peteInanEnglishwritingcompetition,agirlnamedSarawonfirstprize.Sheisa1

winner,becausesheistheonlycompetitorwhodoesn'thavehands.Sarawasborn2

herhands.Herfamilydidn'tlikeher,3

theyleftherin

frontofawelfarehome(福利院).4

,anAmericancouplelikedSaraverymuch.

TheybroughtherbacktoAmerica.Therewasanothergirlinthefamily.Sheis2

years5

thanSara.ShelikedSara,too.Sarawasshyatfirst.Butallthefamily6

hertoopenherheart.Theytaughther

tospeakEnglishandtreatedherlikeacommonperson.Astimewentby,Sarabe-

camemoreandmoreactiveandoutgoing.Shewassosmartthatshecould7

andreadEnglishinjustoneyear.Shewasalsobrave.Shelearnedtorideabikeandclimbtreeswithnohands.Lastyear,therewasanEnglishwriting8

inherschool.Shedecidedtotake

partinit.Shebegantolearntowrite,holdingthepenbetweenherarms.Thepen

felldownfromherarmsagainandagain.However,shedidn'tgiveup.Aftertwo

9

,shecouldwriteverywell.Andfinally,shewontheprize.Allherfamilyand

friendswereproudof10

.Whenshelearntthereweremanyotherpeoplelike

herinChina,shebegantolearnChinese.Shesaiditwasherdutytotellthemhow

tobesuccessfulinlife.1.special

2.without

3.so

4.Luckily

5.older

6.encouraged

7.speak

8.competition

9.months

10.her

一、選詞填空1.(2019河南鄭州一模)—Howcanwebuildanexcellentclass?—Weneedagoodheadteachertopulltogether

allthestudentsandteachers.

(putoff/pullout/putdown/pulltogether)2.(2019河南鄭州外國語中學一模)Nowadays,thenumberofthecarsisbecoming

largerandlarger.Sowemustpayattentionto

thetrafficsafety.(lookforward

to/bewillingto/payattentionto/preferto)3.(2019河南鄭州外國語中學一模)Iamgreatlyinterestedinthispainting.Some-模擬題組thinginitexpresses

thepainter'sdeeplovefornature.(expresses/discusses/

expects/imagines)4.(2019河南鄭州外國語中學一模)TheInternetissocloselyconnectedwithour

dailylife.Canyouimagine

alifewithoutit?(understand/imagine/consider/ex-

pect)5.(2019河南省實驗中學一模)Areyoukidding?Doessuchamealcost$50?I

expect

somethingfarbetterthanthis.(cancel/expect/regret/suppose)6.(2019河南新鄉一模)—Ihaven'tpaintedsinceIwas11.NowIamthinking

aboutpicking

itup

again.—Goodforyou!(giving;up/picking;up/putting;up/cutting;up)7.(2019河南洛陽一模)Slowdownandcompare

yourpresentwithyourpast,

youwillfindhowluckyyouare.(correct/complete/compare/consider)8.(2019河南洛陽一模)—Idon'tknowhowtodealwith

theoldbooksinmy

study.—WhynothaveayardsalethisSunday?(handin/dealwith/takeup/takeaway)9.(2019河南開封一模)Thereportonthewildanimalsrequires

alotofinfor-

mation,soI'llgotothelibraryforsomemagazinesandbooksaboutnatureand

wildlife.(receives/requires/records/repairs)10.(2019河南安陽一模)Whenyoufeellikegivingup

,justtryonemoretime

—dothatalittlebitmore.Encourageyourself,ratherthandiscouragingyourself.

(puttingup/showingup/givingup/turningup)11.(2019河南焦作一模)Thereweresomanypeopleinthestreetthathehadto

push

hiswaythroughthecrowd.(feel/throw/pull/push)12.(2019河南焦作一模)Whenhefailedtopayhisbill,thecompanycutoff

his

electricity.(cutup/cutoff/cutthrough/cutdown)13.(2019河南平頂山一模)Jackisalwayssobusythathecanhardlyspare

a

fewminutestotalktohisfamily.(spend/spare/share/take)14.(2019河南平頂山一模)—Didheturndown

yourinvitation?—Yes,hehadanimportantmeetingtoattendthatday.(turndown/putaway/lookup/

handin)15.(2019河南許昌一模)Lifeischangingquicklyandmanyoftheoldtraditionsare

dyingout

.(keepingup/fallingdown/dyingout/givingup)16.(2019河南商丘一模)Nickislookingforanotherjobbecausehefeelsthatnoth-

inghedoessatisfies

hisboss.(serves/promises/supports/satisfies)17.(2019河大附中一模)WhenIaskedhimwhyhewaslateforschoolagain,the

boymadeup

anexcuse.(putup/pickedup/tookup/madeup)18.(2019河大附中一模)Theapartmentsinthecitycenterarealwaysexpensive.

Katiecan'tafford

onewithallhermoney.(provide/afford/offer/support)19.(2019河南中原名校中考第一次大聯考)MyfriendJennyseemstobeableto

read

mymindbecauseshealwaysknowswhatIreallyneed.(look/read/guess/

make)20.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯考)Thetestpaperwasratherdifficult.

Timehadranout

whenheonlyansweredhalfofthequestions.(ranout/putout/

givenout/soldout)21.(2019河南中原名校中考第二次大聯考)—WhendoIgettomeethim?—Tomorrow,ifIcanfix

it.(expect/hold/search/fix)22.(2019河南鄭州二模)Goodnewsnevergoesbeyondthegate,butbadnews

spreads

farandwide.(spreads/supports/affects/causes)23.(2018河南開封一模)Ourschoolbushadtoremain

infrontofthesuper-

marketforhoursbecauseofthebadtraffic.(remind/remain/realize/require)24.(2018河南新鄉一模)—Manyyoungpeopleusuallyoffertheirseatstotheold

onthebus.—That'sgood.Theoldshouldbecaredfor

.(lookedfor/listenedto/depended

on/caredfor)25.(2018河南開封一模)“TheBeltandRoad”willhelptoopenup

markets

forChinaaswellasothercountriesalong.(putup/lookup/takeup/openup)26.(2018河南安陽一模)—Oh,myGod!Ihaveputon

fivepoundsafterthe

SpringFestiva