MedicalEnglish主講人：蘭麗偉Module7Diseases

Topic38CancerReadingTeachingObjectivesReadthepassageabout

cancertreatmentsopinions.1Learnaboutdifferentcancertreatments.2Grasptheusagesofsubject-specificvocabulary:cancer.3TeachingObjectives

CANCERTREATMENTOPTIONSItcanbeveryfrighteningtobediagnosedwithcancer.Fortunately,todaytherearemanytreatmentoptionsavailable.Youroncologistmaysuggestoneormoreofthesetherapies.Notes：1.

diagnose

v.診斷2.available

adj.可以利用的3.oncologist

n.腫瘤學專家4.

therapyn.療法譯文：

癌癥治療方案被醫生診斷為癌癥是一件令人害怕的事情。幸運的是，現今已有多種治療方案可供選擇。腫瘤學專家可能會建議您這些療法中的其中之一或者更多。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinions

Chemotherapy–Chemotherapy(orchemo)isadrug,orcombinationofdrugs,thatkillscancercells.Itcanbetakenorally,thoughthemostcommondeliverymethodisthroughanIVinjection.Chemocanbereceivedinahospitalor

outpatientsetting.Yourdoctormayprescribechemotherapybeforeoraftersurgery.Potentialsideeffectsincludehairloss,fatigue,anddamagetospecificorgans.Notes：5.chemotherapy

n.化學療法6.prescribe

v.開處方；規定指示；限制，限定7.sideeffects副作用譯文：化學療法：化學療法（化療）指能夠殺死癌細胞的一種或一組藥物。盡管最常用的給藥方法是靜脈注射，這種藥也可口服。患者既可住院接受化療，也可在門診進行。醫生會在術前或術后采用化療。可能的副作用包括掉發、疲乏以及臟器損傷。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinions

Radiationtherapy–Radiationtherapy,alsocalledradiationoncology,destroyscancercellswithhigh-energyX-rays.Itworksbestoncancercellsthataresplittingveryrapidly.Itimpairsacancercell’sDNA,sothatitcannotgrowordivide.Notes：8.radiationtherapy

放射療法9.split

v.分裂；將…分成若干部分10.impairv.損害；削弱譯文放射療法：放射療法，也被稱為放射腫瘤學，通過高能X射線消滅癌細胞。它對于那些分裂最快的癌細胞效果最佳。放療可使癌細胞的DNA，也就是脫氧核糖核酸受損，從而防止其繼續生長或分裂。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinions

Immunotherapy–Immunotherapystrengthensthepatient’simmunesystem.Newantibodiesareintroducedtothepatient’ssystem.Theytargetcancercellsanddestroythem.Notes：11.immunotherapy

n.并發癥12.immunesystem免疫系統13.antibodyn.抗體14.targetv.把...作為目標；瞄準譯文免疫療法：免疫療法可增強患者的免疫系統。新的抗體進入患者體內系統，它們靶向攻擊癌細胞，最終消滅它們。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinionsPhotodynamictherapy–Inphotodynamictherapy,patientsaregivenalight-sensitivedrugcontainingcancer-destroyingsubstances.Lightbeamsthenactivatethedrug,whichhasbeenabsorbedbycancercells.Notes：15.photodynamictherapy光動力療法16.light-sensitive光敏性17.activatev.激活；使活動；起動譯文光動力療法：在光動力療法中，患者服用含有可消滅癌細胞的光敏性藥物。然后激光照射激活以被癌細胞吸收的光敏性藥物。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinionsAnti-angiogenesistherapy–Likenormalcells,tumorsneedabloodsupplytosurvive.Anti-angiogenesistherapypreventsatumorfrommakingnewbloodvessels,sothatitcannotgrowlarger.Notes：18.anti-angiogenesis

抗血管生成療法19.tumorsn.腫瘤20.survivev.活著；繼續存在譯文抗血管生成療法：與正常細胞一樣，腫瘤需要血液供給而存活。抗血管生成療法就是阻止腫瘤新血管生成，從而腫瘤不能長大。Reading：CancerTreatmentsOpinionsSummary:CancerTreatmentsOpinions

TreatmentOptionDescriptionDeliveryMethodCommonSideEffectsChemotherapyRadiationTherapyImmunotherapyPhotodynamicTherapyAnti-AngiogenesisTherapyDrugorcombinationofdrugsthatkillscancercellsUseshigh-energyX-raystodestroycancercellsStrengthensthepatient'simmunesystembyintroducingnewantibodiestotargetanddestroycancercellsPatientsaregivenalight-sensitivedrugcontainingcancer-destroyingsubstances,whichisactivatedbylightbeamsPreventstumorsfrommakingnewbloodvessels,limitingtheirgrowthOralorIVinjectionExternalbeamradiationInjectionInjectionofdrug,followedbylightexposureInjectionororalmedicationHairloss,fatigue,damagetospecificorgansSkinirritation,fatigue,riskofsecondarycancersFatigue,flu-likesymptoms,skinreactionsSkinsensit