學年上學期高二期末考試高二英語試卷考試時間：年1月日上午試卷滿分：分注意事項：題卡上的指定位置。選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題號的答案標號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。答題卡上的非答題區域均無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節，滿分分）題卡上。第一節（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.How’stheweatherthisweek?A.Snowy.B.Foggy.C.Sunny.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inalibrary.B.Inashop.C.Inabookstore.3.Howmuchmoneydoesthemanhave?A.$24.B.$225.C.$249.4.Whatdoesthewomanadvicethemantodo?A.Putanicecardontheflowers.B.Buysomeflowersforhisfriends.C.Attendhisfriend’sbirthdayparty.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Adrug.B.Anexperiment.C.Afilm.第1頁/共24頁第二節（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.What’sthemandoing?A.areport.B.Enjoyingthemusic.C.Dancingtothemusic.7.Whatdoesthewomanfinallyaskthemantodo?A.themusic.B.Haveatalkwithher.C.Putonhisearphones.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whatdoesthemanthinkthelandwouldbecome?A.Farmland.B.Desert.C.Grassland.9.Whatwillhelptheenvironmentmostaccordingtotheman?A.Moreresistingevents.B.Moretreeplanting.C.Bettereducation.聽第8段材料，回答第至題。10.Whereistheman?A.Atagrocerystore.B.Inarestaurant.C.Onafarm.Whatdidthemanputonhisbiscuits?A.Cheese.B.Honey.C.Peanutbutter.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthebiscuits?A.Theyarebreakable.B.Theyaretoobig.C.Theytasteterrible.聽第9段材料，回答第至題。13.Whatisthemandoing?A.Planningaproject.B.HostingaTVprogram.C.Introducinganactivity.14.Whatisamustfortheparents?A.Signingaform.B.Givingpocketmoney.C.Providingsomefood.15.Whereshouldtheremainingstudentsstay?A.Intheclassroom.B.Inthegym.C.Athome.16.WhichbusshouldstudentsinGradeSixtake?A.Thefirstbus.B.Thesecondbus.C.Thethirdbus.第2頁/共24頁聽第段材料，回答第至題。17.WhendidManfredSteinergainhismedicaldegree?A.In1951.B.In1955.C.In2000.18.WhatdidhedoinBrownUniversity?A.Hetookundergraduateclasses.B.Hedirectedaresearchprogram.C.Hefoundhisinterestinphysics.19.WhatdidSteiner’sprofessorthinkofhim?A.Stubborn.B.Determined.C.Generous.20.WhatisSteiner’splanforhisfuture?A.adviceonsuccess.B.sharehisstorywithothers.C.helptheresearchinBrownUniversity.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分分）第一節（共小題；每小題分，滿分分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（、、C和）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AinEuropeancountriesarefullofvibrantcitiesburstingwithcultureandsceniclandscapes.abundantmust-seesights,itcomesasnosurprisethatdecidingwhichspotstovisitcanbedifficult.UsethislisttostartplanningyourEuropeangetaway.willappreciateattractivecanalsandhistoricalarchitecture.Keepinmind,though,thatthisextremelypopulardestinationseesmassivecrowds,especiallyduringthewarmermonths.controlovertourism,chargestouristsasmallfeetoenteronselectdates.Plus,gondolaridesandhotelsarepricey,soyou’llwanttobudgetaccordingly.Exploringtheworld-famousBritishMuseum,seeingamusicalintheEndtheaterdistrict,watchingtheChangingoftheGuardatBuckinghamPalaceandsteppingbackintimeattheofLondonareallpartsofthe第3頁/共24頁Londonexperience.However,London’shighhotelpricescanmaketravelerswithtightbudgetsbacksavemoney,bookyouraccommodationsfarinadvance.SpendthedaycyclingthroughAmsterdam’sstylishstreetsbeforeexploringnoteworthymuseumsliketheGoghMuseum.Planapicnicinparkforlunchorchooseaboattouralongthecity’smanycanalswhenit’stimetorestyourfeet.Whileyou’rehere,considerplanningadaytriptooneofAmsterdam’snearbyscenicplaces—UtrechtandLeidenarebothworthvisiting.AvacationinPraguewillleaveyoufeelingasifyou’vesteppedintoafairytale.intheGothicarchitectureandbesuretotourPragueCastle.Plus,Prague’saffordablefoodanddrinks,accommodationsandexcellentpublictransportationmakeitagreatplacefortravelerswhowishtovisitEuropeonabudget.1.WhatshouldbenotedintermsoftravelingA.Bookingyourhotelroominadvance.B.Selectingspecialdatestoreduceyourexpense.C.yourbudgetintoaccountwhenplanning.D.Choosingtoappreciatecanalsandarchitectureinsummer.2.WhatdoLondonandAmsterdamhaveincommon?A.Thereareeconomicalactivitiesfortravelerstochoose.B.Bothawonderfulmuseumexperiencefortravelers.C.Therearestylishtouristattractionsfortravelerstoappreciate.D.Bothareidealdestinationsforpeoplelovingoutdooractivities.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestchoiceforatravelerwithalimitedbudget?A.Prague.B.Amsterdam.C.D.London.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導語】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了可以作為2025年歐洲最佳旅游勝地的四個地方：威尼斯，倫敦，阿姆斯特丹，布拉格。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章部分內容“Plus,gondolaridesandhotelsarepricey,soyou’llwanttobudgetaccordingly.()搭乘纜車和住第4頁/共24頁酒店都很貴，游客在作旅行計劃時需要制定預算。故選C項。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章London部分內容“Exploringtheworld-famousBritishMuseum,seeingamusicalintheEndtheater)”可知，在倫敦可以探索大英博物館；而文章Amsterdam部分內容“SpendthedaycyclingthroughAmsterdam’sstylishstreetsbeforeexploringnoteworthymuseumsliketheGoghMuseum.(在游覽梵高博物館等著名博物館之前，花一天時間騎自行車穿過阿姆斯特丹時尚的街道。)”則提到了可以參觀梵高博物館。由此推知，二者的共同點在于兩者都為游客提供了美妙的博物館體驗。故選B項。【3題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章Prague部分內容“Plus,Prague’saffordablefoodanddrinks,accommodationsandexcellentpublictransportationmakeitagreatplacefortravelerswhowishtovisitEuropeonabudget.(格價格實惠的食品和飲料、住宿和優質的公共交通使其成為希望在預算范圍內訪問歐洲的旅客的好地方。)”可知，在布拉格，有實惠的食品和飲料、住宿和優質的公共交通，即這里的旅游花費會比較低。因此，對于預算有限的旅行者來說，可以選擇布拉格。故選A項。BBeauchmin,amotheroffivechildren,wasapproachedbyherneighbor,Audrey,asinglemotherwiththreechildren.Shewasgoingtothehospitaltogettested,andtherewasnooneshecouldfindtolookafterherkidsotherthanWhenAudreyreturnedhome,shetoldshehadstomachcancer.Audreywasoverwhelmedbythenewsshereceived,anddespitenotknowingeachotherforlong,thewomanaskedifshewouldaccepttobetheguardianofherkidsincaseAudreydied.knewinherhearttherightthingtodo.Audrey’ssicknessprogressedquickly.Shesadlypassedawayafewmonthsafterherdiagnosis(診斷),leavingwithherthreekids.TheBeauchminsmightnotbewellbuttheirheartswererichwithkindness.Theirhomewasnotdesignedforeightkids,buttheyweretryingtomakeithappen.Theywerealsostrugglingtomakeendsmeet.ElizabethThames,aneighborofbothandAudrey,knewabouttheirstoryandwantedtohelp.ShesentalettertotheFox5SurpriseSquadandrecommendedtobetheirnextrecipientofalife-changingsurprise.Thestorymovedtheprogram.Theyvisitedandtookatourofherhome.Theytoldhertostayinatemporaryplacewithherfamilyastheymadethechangessheneeded.Theentirecrewhelpedoutalongwithvariousothergroupsinthecommunity.Carpetswereplaced,thewalls第5頁/共24頁wererepainted,andtheroomswerefixedsothekidswouldhaveprivacyandcomfortastheyAfterafewdaysoutofthehouse,andherfamily,includingAudrey’schildren,returned.Theirreactionswerefilledwithtears,andhowmanypeopleworkedtogethertomakeithappenwasincredible.Apartfromtheincrediblehome,thefamilywasalsogivenfreegroceriesforayearand$1,500fortheireldestsontofindasuitableapartment.4.Whatdiddoafterherneighbourpassedaway?A.Sheredesignedherhouse.B.Shewenttothehospitaltobeexamined.C.Sheaskedpeopleinherneighborhoodforhelp.D.Shetookoverthecareofherneighbor’schildren.5.WhatwasElizabeth’sreactiontotheBeauchmins’situation?A.Sheaskedaprogramtohelpthisfamily.B.Sherecommendedtowritealetter.C.Shevisitedandalargehouse.D.Sheprovidedanapartmentfortheireldestson.6.WhichbestdescribesA.Braveandambitious.B.Determinedandenergetic.C.Kind-heartedandcaring.D.Confidentandenthusiastic.7.Whatmessagedoesthepassageconvey?A.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B.Goodthingshappentogoodpeople.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingmind.D.Therosesinherhand,theflavorinmine.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了蒂莎·博徹明和家人幫助鄰居的善舉引起了社會關注和感動，大家齊心協力一起做出種種努力為他們解決生活困難的故事。【4題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Audreywasoverwhelmedbythenewsshereceived,anddespitenotknowingeachotherforlong,thewomanaskedifshewouldaccepttobetheguardianofherkidsincaseAudreydied.knewinherhearttherightthingtodo.(奧黛麗被她收到的消息震驚了，盡管她們認識的時間不長，但這個女人問蒂莎，如果奧黛麗死了，她是否愿意成為她孩子們的監護人。蒂莎心里知道該怎么做。)”和第四段“Theirhomewasnotdesignedforeightkids,buttheyweretryingtomakeithappen.Theywerealsostruggling第6頁/共24頁tomakeendsmeet.(他們的家不是為八個孩子設計的，但他們正在努力實現這一目標。他們也在努力維持收支平衡。)”可知，蒂莎在她的鄰居去世后接手照顧鄰居的孩子們。故選D項。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第五段“ElizabethThames,aneighborofbothandAudrey,knewabouttheirstoryandwantedtohelp.ShesentalettertotheFox5SurpriseSquadandrecommendedtobetheirnextrecipientofalife-changingsurprise.(她給福克斯驚喜小組寫了一封信，推薦蒂莎成為他們下一個接受改變人生驚喜的人。)”可知，伊麗莎白對波徹明夫婦的處境的反應是她申請了一個項目來幫助這個家庭。故選A項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Theirhomewasnotdesignedforeightkids,buttheyweretryingtomakeithappen.Theywerealsostrugglingtomakeendsmeet.(他們的家不是為八個孩子設計的，但他們正在努力實現這一目標。他們也在努力維持收支平衡。)”可知，蒂莎雖然家庭困難但仍舊接手照顧鄰居的孩子們，說明她“心地善良，有愛心”。故選C項。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。分析全文內容可知，文章主要講述了蒂莎·博徹明和家人幫助鄰居的善舉引起了社會關注和感動，大家齊心協力一起做出種種努力為他們解決生活困難的故事，所以文章要傳達的信息是“好人有好報”。故選B項。CDolphinsandparrotsareknowntoaddresseachotherbyimitatingthesoundstheyhearothermembersoftheirspeciesmake,butonlyhumansareknowntoaddresseachotherusingnamestheymakeup.However,thismightnotbethecase.elephantsrespondtoindividualnamesinthesamewayashumans,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNatureEcology&Evolution.Intendingtofindoutwhetherelephantsmightbeusingmade-upnames,too,MichaelPardo,abehavioralecologistatColoradoStateUniversity,andhiscolleaguesfirstidentified469callsor“rumbles”madebywildAfricanelephantslivinginAmboseliNationalParkandSamburuandSpringsNationalReservesinKenya.Eachofthevocalizations(發聲)hadaknowncallerandaknownreceiver,andanalgorithm(算法)wasusedtopredictwhichofthesesoundswerepotentialnamesandwhichelephanttheywerelikelytodescribe.Next,theresearchersplayedrecordingsofthese“names”todifferentelephantsandfoundthatelephantsrespondedmoreenthusiasticallytotheirownnamethantheydidtothenamesofothers.Whentheyheardtheirnames,theyapproachedthespeakermorequicklyandrespondedmorevocally.Thefindingssuggestthatelephants第7頁/共24頁havespecificvocalizationsornamesforeachother,andthattheycanrecognizethesenames,evenwhentheyoccuroutofcontext.Name-callingwasmorecommonwhenanimalswerecommunicatingoverlongdistances,theauthorsfound,andalsowhenadultsweretalkingtotheirbabies.Theyoungwerelesslikelythanadultstousenames,suggestingthattheabilitytodesignandusenamesisaskillthattakesyearstolearn.Elephantsareintelligentcreaturesthatliveincomplexsocialgroups.Theyusesound,sight,scentandtouchtocommunicatewitheachother,andtheircallsareknowntocommunicatearichstreamofinformation,includingdetailsaboutage,sex,emotionandbehavioralintention.Theabilitytodesignandlinkasoundwiththeidentityofanotheranimalsuggeststhatelephantshaveapreviouslyunappreciateddepthofcognitiveability—theymaybecapableofabstractthought.8.Whyarehumansmentionedinparagraph1?A.bringupthetopic.B.tellreaderstheabilityofhumans.C.providethebackgroundinformation.D.provehumansaredistinctfromsomeanimals.9.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheelephants’responsetothese“names”?A.Elephantsareactiveandenthusiasticanimals.B.Elephantsreactdifferentlywhenbeingcalled.C.Elephantsaregoodatmakinguptheirownnames.D.Elephantscanrecognizeothers’callingtheirnames.10.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinparagraph4?A.elephantsdislikeusingnames.B.Longdistancemakesitamusttousename-calling.C.Elephants’abilitytousenamescanbeenhancedastheyD.Peopletendtocalltheirchildren’snameswhentalkingtothem.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.reportaresearchonelephants’behavior.B.analyseswhyelephantsdesignandusenames.C.callonpeopletopayattentiontoelephants’cognitiveability.D.showthesimilaritybetweenelephantsandhumansinbehavior.第8頁/共24頁【答案】8.A9.D10.CA【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了新研究發現野生大象能像人類一樣使用“名字”交流，這表明大象可能具有抽象思維的能力。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Dolphinsandparrotsareknowntoaddresseachotherbyimitatingthesoundstheyhearothermembersoftheirspeciesmake,butonlyhumansareknowntoaddresseachotherusingnamestheymakeup.However,thismightnotbethecase.elephantsrespondtoindividualnamesinthesamewayashumans,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNatureEcology&Evolution.(眾所周知，海豚和鸚鵡會通過模仿同類發出的聲音來稱呼對方，但只有人類會用自己編造的名字來稱呼對方。然而，情況可能并非如此。根據發表在《自然生態與進化》雜志上的一項新研究，野生大象對個人名字的反應與人類相同)”可知，這里先提到人在名字的使用上有別于一些動物，然后指出大象也對名字有反應，下文都是圍繞大象的這一反應展開。由此推知，提到人類是為了引出關于大象有類似用名字交流行為的話題。故選A項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段中“Next,theresearchersplayedrecordingsofthese“names”todifferentelephantsandfoundthatelephantsrespondedmoreenthusiasticallytotheirownnamethantheydidtothenamesofothers.Whentheyheardtheirnames,theyapproachedthespeakermorequicklyandrespondedmorevocally.(給不同的大象播放這些“名字”的錄音，發現大象對自己的名字的反應比對其他大象的名字的反應更熱情。當他們聽到自己的名字時，他們會更快地接近說話者，并做出更大聲的回應)”可知，大象對自己的名字的反應更強烈，回應更積極。由此推知，大象能夠識別出是在叫它們自己的名字。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Theyoungwerelesslikelythanadultstousenames,suggestingthattheabilitytodesignandusenamesisaskillthattakesyearstolearn.(設計和使用名字的能力是一項需要多年學習的技能)”可知，大象設計和使用名字的能力是需要慢慢習得的。由此推知，隨著成長，它們使用名字的能力會增強。故選C項。【題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“elephantsrespondtoindividualnamesinthesamewayashumans,accordingtonewresearchpublishedinthejournalNatureEcology&Evolution.(根據發表在《自然生態與進化》雜志上的一項新研究，野生大象對個人名字的反應與人類相同)”可知，文章圍繞研究人員對大象是否使用名字進行交流的研究展開，介紹了研究過程、發現等內容。由此推知，文章的主要目的是報告關第9頁/共24頁于大象行為的一項研究。故選A項。Dfreshwaterlobsters(龍蝦)nativetoAustralia,cantoleratehightemperaturesanddrought,andhardlyneedanyoxygenintheirwater.evenforthem,theDarlingRiver,whichsnakesthroughwesternNewSouthisprovinguninhabitable.Crowdsofyabbieswererecentlyseengettingoutofwater.OnMarch17ththeriverwasblanketedbymillionsofdeadfreshwaterfish.GraemeMeCrabb,alocal,estimatesthe“lineofdeadfish”stretchesover100km.ThemassfishdeathisthelatestillustrationofhowclimatechangeiscombiningwithmismanagementtoharmAustralia’sfragileenvironment.TheDarlingformsonearmoftheMurray-Darlingbasin,avastriversystemthatcoversmuchofQueenslandandSouthAustralia.Thesystemsupports40%ofAustralia’sagriculturalproduction.Butitisinadesperatestate.Climatechangeisbringingmoreextremeheatanddrought,whichcausedtheprevious“massmortality”intheDarlingRiversystemin2018and2019.Droughtbroughttherivertoastop,exhaustingitsoxygen.Butthewarmingclimateisalsobringingmoreextremerainfallandflooding.whichisbehindthelatestdie-off.EasternAustraliahashadthreeyearsofheavyrainfall.ThissummertheDarlingburstitsbanks,floodingtownsandwashingtonsofchemicalsandorganicmatterintothewater.Thathascausedbacteriatoflourish,consumingoxygenfromit,saysRichardKingsford,anecologistattheUniversityofNewSouthAheatwavemayhaveworsenedthis“blackwaterevent”,sincewarmwaterholdslessoxygen.ThemanydamsthatlinetheDarlingthenmadeithardorimpossibleforfishtoescapetohealthierwater.Somillionsdiedandtheirdecomposition(腐爛)inturndrewmoreoxygenfromtheriver,worseningthecycle.Over-exploitation(過度開采)oftheMurray-Darling’swatershasmadethesystemespeciallydefenselesstosuchshocks.Awater-sharinginitiativelaunchedin2012wassupposedtohelpconservation,yetthereislittleevidencethatithasimprovedthebasin’shealth.ForRobertMcBride,whoownsavastsheepstationnearMenindee,theDarlingispaying“thesupremesacrificefortotalmismanagementoftheriversystem”.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“uninhabitable”inparagraphImean?A.Abnormal.B.Uncomfortable.C.Unlivable.D.Fundamental.13.Howmanyfactorsarerelevanttothedecreaseofoxygenlevelintheriver?A.1.B.2.C.3.D.4.14.Howisparagraph4mainlydeveloped?A.Bymakingacomparison.B.Byanalyzingcauseand第10頁/共24頁C.Bylistingdifferentpossibilities.D.Bygivingexamplesoffishdeath.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Australia—frequentdroughtandfloodB.Darling—animportantriverinAustraliaC.Australia—worseandworseclimateandenvironmentD.Darling—massfishdeathfromclimatechangeandmismanagement【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了澳大利亞達令河的淡水魚大量死亡事件，闡述了氣候變化和管理不善共同作用導致這一現象的原因，揭示了澳大利亞脆弱的環境狀況。【12題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據第一段“freshwaterlobsters(龍蝦)nativetoAustralia,cantoleratehightemperaturesanddrought,andhardlyneedanyoxygenintheirwater.evenforthem,theDarlingRiver,whichsnakesthroughwesternNewSouthisprovingCrowdsofyabbieswererecentlyseengettingoutofwater.(原產于澳大利亞的淡水龍蝦亞比蝦能忍受高溫和干旱，且水中幾乎不需要氧氣。然而，即使對它們來說，蜿蜒穿過新南威爾士州西部的達令河也被證明是uninhabitable。最近可以看到成群的亞比蝦從水里出來)”可知，亞比蝦生存能力很強，但都從達令河出來了，說明達令河的狀況很糟糕，不適合居住了。由此可知，劃線詞uninhabitable意思是“不適合居住的”，與“Unlivable”意思相近。故選C項。【13題詳解】Droughtbroughttherivertoastop,exhaustingitsoxygen.(氧氣)”、第四段“ThissummertheDarlingburstitsbanks,floodingtownsandwashingtonsofchemicalsandorganicmatterintothewater.Thathascausedbacteriatoflourish,consumingoxygenfromit,saysRichardKingsford,anecologistattheUniversityofNewSouthAheatwavemayhaveworsenedthis“blackwaterevent”,sincewarmwaterholdslessoxygen.(今年夏天，達令河決堤，淹沒了城鎮，將大量化學物質和有機物沖入水中。新南威爾士大學的生態學家理查德·金斯福德說，這導致細菌大量繁殖，消耗水中的氧氣。熱浪可能使這種“黑水事件”更加嚴重，因為溫水含氧量較低)”以及第四段“ThemanydamsthatlinetheDarlingthenmadeithardorimpossibleforfishtoescapetohealthierwater.Somillionsdiedandtheirdecomposition(腐爛)inturndrewmoreoxygenfromtheriver,worseningthecycle(達令河沿岸的許多水壩使魚類很難或不可能逃到更健康的水域。因此，數百萬條魚死亡，它們的腐爛反過來從河流中吸取更多氧氣，使這個循環更加惡化)”可知，干旱、細菌繁殖、熱浪、魚的腐爛這四個因素與河水中氧氣水平的下降有關。第11頁/共24頁故選D項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。第四段先提到“EasternAustraliahashadthreeyearsofheavyrainfall.ThissummertheDarlingburstitsbanks,floodingtownsandwashingtonsofchemicalsandorganicmatterintothewater.(東澳大利亞已經有三年的強降雨。今年夏天，達令河決堤，淹沒了城鎮，將大量化學物質和有機物沖入水中)”這是事件的Thathascausedbacteriatoflourish,consumingoxygenfromit,saysRichardKingsford,anecologistattheUniversityofNewSouthAheatwavemayhaveworsenedthis“blackwaterevent”,sincewarmwaterholdslessoxygen.ThemanydamsthatlinetheDarlingthenmadeithardorimpossibleforfishtoescapetohealthierwater.Somillionsdiedandtheirdecomposition(腐爛)inturndrewmoreoxygenfromtheriver,worseningthecycle(RichardKingsford致細菌滋生，消耗了河水中的氧氣。熱浪可能使這種“黑水事件”惡化，因為溫水含有更少的氧氣。接著，達令河沿岸眾多的大壩使得魚類難以或無法逃到更健康的水域。因此，數百萬條魚死亡，它們的腐爛反過來又從河流中消耗了更多的氧氣，使這個惡性循環進一步惡化)”可知，本段先陳述原因，再引出結果。由此推知，這一段是通過分析因果關系來展開的。故選B項。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Crowdsofyabbieswererecentlyseengettingoutofwater.OnMarch17ththeriverwasblanketedbymillionsofdeadfreshwaterfish.GraemeMeCrabb,alocal,estimatesthe“lineofdeadfish”stretchesover100km.(3月17“死魚帶”綿延超過100公里)量死亡；根據第二段“ThemassfishdeathisthelatestillustrationofhowclimatechangeiscombiningwithmismanagementtoharmAustralia’sfragileenvironment.(這次大規模的魚類死亡是氣候變化與管理不善共同損害澳大利亞脆弱環境的最新例證)”以及最后一段“Over-exploitation(過度開采)oftheMurray-Darling’swatershasmadethesystemespeciallydefenselesstosuchshocks.Awater-sharinginitiativelaunchedin2012wassupposedtohelpconservation,yetthereislittleevidencethatithasimprovedthebasin’shealth.ForRobertMcBride,whoownsavastsheepstationnearMenindee,theDarlingispaying“thesupremesacrificefortotalmismanagementoftheriversystem”(對默累-達令河水的過度開采使得該系統對此類沖擊尤其缺乏抵抗力。2012年啟動的一項水資源共享計劃本應有助于保護資源，但幾乎沒有證據表明它改善了該流域的健康狀況。對在門寧迪附近擁有大片牧場的羅伯特·RobertMcBride管理不善付出“終極犧牲”)”可知，本文主要講的是對達令河管理不善導致大規模魚類死亡。由此可知，D項“Darling—massfishdeathfromclimatechangeandmismanagement(達令河——氣候變化和管理不善導第12頁/共24頁致的大規模魚類死亡)”適合用作本文標題。故選D項。第二節（共5小題；每小題分，滿分分）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。mayhavehearditbefore:Lifebeginsattheendofyourcomfortzone,andnothinggrowsinyourcomfortzone.Butthatiseasierunderstoodthandone.Ofcourse,livinglifeinyourcomfortzonehasobviousbenefits:lowstress,reducedanxietyandgeneralfeelingsofwell-being.____16____Beloware4hugebenefitsofsteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.____17____Somanypeoplewakeupeverydaywiththatachingfeelingofunderachievementandtherealizationthatthey’renotentirelylivingtheirlifetothefull.Growth,forwardmotivationandrhythmandanew-foundlevelofproductivityallleadyoutoafeelingoffindingyourbeststateinlifeasyouachieveyourfullpotential.Indoingso,you’llcreateanewsourceofextremesatisfaction.Pushingyourboundaries.Steppingoutsideyourcomfortzonecanmakeyoutrainyourbraintodealwithnewsituationsandcreatenewneural(神經的)pathways.____18____Thatmakeyouabetterproblem-solver,decision-makerandleader.Enhancingyouradaptabilitytowhatevercomesyourway.Thingscanhappenthatwilldragyourightoutofyourcomfortablelife.Lifetransitionsareallaboutchange.____19____Boostingyourself-confidence.____20____Andthatwillboostyourself-confidence,whichinturncanpushyoutoachievemore,especiallyifyouworkedhard,challengedyourself,andsawitthrough.A.Achievinggreaterself-fulfillment.B.Feelinglessstressedandfrustrated.C.Thusyoubecomemoreproductiveandmorecreative.D.Eventually,itcontributestogreatersuccessinyourlife.E.Achievementsoutsidecomfortzoneexhibityourimprovementofability.F.However,itcanalsomakeyoufeellikeyourlifeischangelesseveryday.G.Themoreopenyouaretonewpossibilities,themoreadaptableyouwillbe.【答案】16.F17.A18.C19.G20.E【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了走出舒適區可以帶來自我實現、提高創造力、增強適應性和提升自信等四大好處。【16題詳解】第13頁/共24頁由上文“Ofcourse,livinglifeinyourcomfortzonehasobviousbenefits:lowstress,reducedanxietyandgeneralfeelingsofwell-being.(當然，生活在你的舒適區有明顯的好處：壓力低、焦慮減少和整體幸福感。)”和下文“Beloware4hugebenefitsofsteppingoutsideyourcomfortzone.(以下是走出舒適區的4大好處。)”可知，上文講述了生活在舒適區的好處，下文講述走出舒適區的好處，本空應強調生活在舒適區的弊端。F選項“However,itcanalsomakeyoufeellikeyourlifeischangelesseveryday.(然而，它也可能讓你覺得你的生活每天都一成不變。)”是一個轉折句，指出了生活在舒適區的另一個可能的問題，為下文講述走出舒適區的好處做了鋪墊，符合題意。故選F。【17題詳解】由下文“Somanypeoplewakeupeverydaywiththatachingfeelingofunderachievementandtherealizationthatthey’renotentirelylivingtheirlifetothefull.Growth,forwardmotivationandrhythmandanew-foundlevelofproductivityallleadyoutoafeelingoffindingyourbeststateinlifeasyouachieveyourfullpotential.Indoingso,you’llcreateanewsourceofextremesatisfaction.(他們并沒有完全過上充實的生活。成長、前進的動力和節奏，以及新發現的生產力水平，都會讓你在充分發揮潛力的同時，找到生活中最好的狀態。這樣做，你會創造一個新的極端滿足感來源。)”可知，下文講述了走出舒適區能讓自己由滿足感。因此，本空應強調走出舒適區能實現自我滿足。A選項“Achievinggreaterself-fulfillment.(實現更大的自我滿足。)”能概括下文內容，符合題意。故選A。【18題詳解】由上文“Pushingyourboundaries.Steppingoutsideyourcomfortzonecanmakeyoutrainyourbraintodealwithnewsituationsandcreatenewneural(神經的)pathways.(新情況并創造新的神經通路。)”可知，上文講述了走出舒適區對大腦的好處，本空應承接上文，并解釋大腦訓練帶來的具體好處。C選項“Thusyoubecomemoreproductiveandmorecreative.(因此，你變得更有生產力和更有創造力。)”解釋了大腦訓練帶來的具體好處，能承接上文，符合題意。故選C。【19題詳解】由上文“Enhancingyouradaptabilitytowhatevercomesyourway.Thingscanhappenthatwilldragyourightoutofyourcomfortablelife.Lifetransitionsareallaboutchange.(提高你對任何事物的適應能力。可能會發生一些事情，把你從舒適的生活中拖出來。生活的轉變都是關于變化的。)”可知，這里講述了提高適應能力的重G選項“Themoreopenyouaretonewpossibilities,themoreadaptableyouwillbe.(你對新的可能性越開放，你的適應能力就越強。)”進一步解釋了適應能力與對新可能性的開放程度的關系，符合題意。故選G。【20題詳解】第14頁/共24頁由上文“Boostingyourself-confidence.(增強你的自信心。)”可知，上文講述了走出舒適區能增強自信心，本空應進一步解釋為什么走出舒適區能增強自信心。E選項“Achievementsoutsidecomfortzoneexhibityourimprovementofability.(在舒適區之外的成就展示了你的能力提升。)”引出了在舒適區之外取得成就對自信心的提升作用，能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分英語知識運用（共兩節，滿分分）第一節完形填空（共小題，每小題1分，滿分分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Atjust18yearsold,Jordanhasalready____21____forhimselfasahighschoolseniorwitharemarkablygoodheart.Hisrecentactof____22____hasnotonlywarmedheartsbutalsogainedwidespreadattention.atagrocerystore,hasbeenbagginggroceriesforhoursonend.____23____hisbusylife,hemanagedtomakeasignificant____24____onsomeoneelse’slife,showingthatsometimes,thepeoplewithlesscangivealotmore.storytookaturntowardstheextraordinarywhenhe____25____anelderlycustomeratthegrocerystore.Thiscustomer,facinga(n)____26____offunds,wasunabletopayforallhisgroceries.____27____this,feltastrongsenseofjustice.Hedecidedthathecouldn’t____28____andwatchsomeoneinneedgowithoutbasic___29___.Inaheartfeltgesture,reachedintohisownpocketand____30____theelderlyman$35,makingsurehecouldpayforhisgroceries.Thisactwasespecially____31____consideringhadnevermetthemanbefore.Itwasn’tabout____32____orobligation.When____33____abouthisnobledeed,sharedhisguidingprinciple:treatingpeoplethewayhewantstobetreatedandhelpingthoseinneed.actofgenerositydidnotgo____34____.Inspiredbyhisselflessness,peopletosupporthim,leadingtothecreationofaGoFundMecampaign.Theessenceofstoryliesinthepowerful____35____thatthere’sstillalotofroomforkindnessintheworld,evenonascaleassmallas21.A.madeitB.madesenseC.madeanameD.madeadifference22.A.kindnessB.ambitionC.protectionD.participation23.A.AmongB.AboutC.DespiteD.Throughout24.A.interventionB.impactC.adaptationD.transformation25.A.contactedB.motivatedC.encounteredD.accompanied26.A.realityB.stressC.absenceD.shortage第15頁/共24頁27.A.B.EvaluatingC.RecallingD.Shifting28.A.subscribetoB.standbyC.giveinD.setout29.A.reliabilityB.consumptionC.comfortsD.necessities30.A.handedB.borrowedC.exposedD.produced31.A.elegantB.meaningfulC.unreasonableD.strange32.A.competenceB.expectationC.ambitionD.familiarity33.A.suspectedB.highlightedC.interviewedD.revealed34.A.unfinishedB.unnoticedC.unbelieva