廣東實驗中學(xué)2023屆高三第二次階段考試英語本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分，共8頁，滿分120分。考試用時120分鐘。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的校名、姓名、考號、座位號等相關(guān)信息填寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi)。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑;如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案;不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上;如需改動，先劃掉原來的答案，然后再寫上新的答案;不準使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該題涂黑。AMarathonisthesupremedisciplineoflong-distancerunning.Theyarenotonlyattractivefortopathletes,butalsoforhobbyrunners.Thechoiceofeventsisalmostendless.Nowwehaveputtogethersomemostbreathtakinglybeautifulonesthatyou’llbetempted(誘惑)torunholdingacamera.Ultra-trailAngkor,CambodiaThenewestofaseriesofAngkormarathons,thisendurancetestoffers32-km,64-kmand128-kmroutesaroundthefamoustemples,includingBayonandAngkorWat.Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.DodoTrail,MauritiusCrossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.GreatOceanRoadmarathon,AustraliaAnotherwell-knownsceniccoastaldrive,southernAustralia’sGreatOceanRoadstagesafootraceeveryMay.Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.Bewarned,however,thattheseriesofsteepslopesmakethisoneofthetoughestmarathons.BigFivemarathon,SouthAfricaMarathonmeetssafariattheprivatelyownedEntabeniGameReserveeveryJune.Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.1Whichmarathonissuitableforlessexperiencedrunners?A.Ultra-trailAngkor.BDodoTrail.C.GreatOceanRoadmarathon.D.BigFivemarathon.2.Whydoesthewritermention“neck-ache”inGreatOceanRoadmarathon?A.Tohighlightthewonderfulscenery.B.Topresentthedifficultyoftheevent.C.Toattractattentiontophysicalhealth.D.Towarnrunnersofdangerousanimals.3.Whatdothefourmarathonshaveincommon?A.Riskyandtiringroutes.B.Beautifulcoastalviews.C.Chancestoseewildanimals.D.Fixedtimeforannualevents.【答案】1.B2.A3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了最美麗的、會讓人忍不住帶著相機跑的四個馬拉松。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個小標題下的“Whilethedemanding50kmXtremeroutecovers828m-highBlackRiverPeak,abeginner-friendlyMiniDodoTrail(10km)iseasier.”(雖然50公里的極限路線需要跨越828米高的BlackRiverPeak，但對初學(xué)者友好的MiniDodoTrail(10公里)是比較容易的。)可知，對于缺乏經(jīng)驗的跑步者而言，DodoTrail比較合適。故選B項。【2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三個小標題下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是個問題：一個方向是風景優(yōu)美的南海，另一個方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運的話，還會有一兩只考拉。)可知，沿途有很多優(yōu)美的風景，作者以“脖子疼”這種幽默的口吻敘述，是為了突出美麗的風景。故選A項。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一個小標題下的“Watchoutformonkeys,andthegigantictreevinesthatmemorablyhugsomeofthegreatbuildings.”(小心猴子，還有那些令人難忘的纏繞著一些偉大建筑的巨大藤蔓。)，第二個小標題下的“Crossingruggedcoastlineandtropicalforests,theDodoTrailisfullofwildlife,althoughthefamousdodobirdremains,sadly,extinct.”(穿過崎嶇的海岸線和熱帶森林，DodoTrail之路到處都是野生動物，盡管著名的渡渡鳥已經(jīng)滅絕。)，第三個小標題下的“Neck-achecouldbeaproblem:inonedirectionliesthescenicSouthSea,andinanotherhandsomeforestand,ifyou’relucky,akoalaortwo.”(脖子疼可能是個問題：一個方向是風景優(yōu)美的南海，另一個方向是美麗的森林，如果你幸運的話，還會有一兩只考拉。)”以及第四個小標題下的“Thestarttimeisdependentontherace-daylocationoftheBigFivemembers–Africanelephants,Capebuffalo,lions,leopardsandrhinos–asorganizerstrytoguaranteesightings.”(比賽的開始時間取決于“五大”成員(非洲象、非洲水牛、獅子、豹子和犀牛)在比賽日的地點，因為組織者試圖確保能看到這些動物。)可知，這四個馬拉松沿途都能看到野生動物。故選C項。BManypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.Highlevelsofknowledgecanmakepeopletooattachedtotraditionalwaysofviewingproblemsacrossfieldsthearts,sciences,andpolitics.Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.Howlongwestayontheclockandhowwespendthattimeareundercarefulexaminationinmanyworkplaces.Theyoungbankerwhoeatslunchathisdeskisprobablyseenasago-getter,whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.“Peoplefromculturesthatvaluerelationshipsmorethanoursdoesareshockedbythethoughtofeatingaloneinfrontofacomputer”,saysArtMarkman,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofTexas,Austin.Socialinteractionhasbeenshowntoliftmood(情緒)andgetpeoplethinkinginnewdirectionsandinwaysthatcouldhelpimproveanypost-luncheffort.Markmanalsopromotesoff-tasktime.“Partofbeingagoodthinkerisexperiencingthingsthatareseeminglyunrelatedtowhatyouareworkingonatthemomentbutgiveyoufreshideasaboutyourwork,”hesays.“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.So,whenpeopledothingstoincreasetheirlifesatisfaction,theyalsomakethemselvesmoreeffectiveatwork.”4.WhatdoesEllenLanger’sstudyshow?A.Itisworthwhiletobeaperfectionist B.Translationmakespeopleknowledgeable.C.Simplerjobsrequiregreatercaution. D.Moderateeffortproducesthebestresult.5.Theunderlinedword“go-getter”inparagraph3referstosomeoneWho_______.A.isgoodathandlingpressure B.workshardtobecomesuccessfulC.ahasanaturaltalentforhisjob. D.getsonwellwithhisco-workers6.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Agoodthinkerisabletoinspireotherpeople.B.Experienceunrelatedtoyourjobisuseless.C.Acheerfulmoodhelpsmakeacreativemind.D.Focusingonwhatyoudoraisesproductivity.7.Whatdoesthetextseemtoadvocate?A.Middle-of-the-roadworkhabits. B.Balancebetweenworkandfamily.C.Long-standingculturaltraditions. D.Harmonyintheworkenvironment.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了許多人認為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會帶來成果。所以要適度工作，工作時要有積極的情緒，這會讓自己在工作中更有效率。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Manypeoplebelievethatworkingtothemaximumisthesecrettosuccess,butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(許多人認為工作到最大限度是成功的秘訣，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會帶來成果。)”和第二段中“InastudyledbyEllenLangerofHarvardUniversity,researchersaskedpeopletotranslatesentencesintoanewamade-uplanguage.Subjectswhopracticedthelanguagemoderatelybeforehandmadefewererrorsthanthosewhopracticedextensivelyornotatall.(在哈佛大學(xué)EllenLanger領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一項研究中，研究人員要求人們將句子翻譯成一種新的虛構(gòu)的語言。那些事先適度練習(xí)這門語言的受試者比那些全力練習(xí)或根本不練習(xí)的受試者犯的錯誤要少。)”可知，第一段提出主題，即適度的工作也會帶來成果，接著第二段作者用EllenLanger的研究來證明這一點，由此可推知，EllenLanger的研究表明適度的努力會產(chǎn)生最好的結(jié)果。故選D。【5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“whilehiscolleagueswhochatoverarelaxedconference-roommealgetdirtylooksfromthecorneroffice.(而他那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事們則在角落辦公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是對比關(guān)系，那些在會議室吃飯時閑聊的同事會得到別人不屑的目光，即被認為不努力工作，相反，那些在辦公桌前吃午飯的年輕銀行家可能被視為是一個努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，劃線單詞go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Also,thereisalotofresearchshowingthatapositivemoodleadstohigherlevelsofproductivityandcreativity.(此外，許多研究表明，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力。)”可知，積極的情緒能夠提高生產(chǎn)力和創(chuàng)造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于創(chuàng)造性思維。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“butresearchhasfoundthatmoderation(適度)alsogetsresultsonthejob.(但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，適度的工作也會帶來成果)”和第二段中“Highconscientiousnessisrelatedtolowerjobperformance,especiallyinsimplejobswhereitdoesn’tpaytobeaperfectionist.(高盡責性與低工作表現(xiàn)有關(guān)，尤其是在簡單的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介紹研究表明適度的工作也會帶來成果，所以文章提倡適度工作，即中庸的工作習(xí)慣。故選A。CClotheswereonceuseduntiltheyfellapart.Nottoday.Inhigh-incomecountriesinparticular,clothingandfootwearareincreasinglyfrequentlybought,thrownawayandreplacedwithnewfashions,whicharethemselvessoonthrownawayandreplaced.Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.‘Takewater.Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.‘Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.Undoubtedly,usedtextilesgotolandfillinpartbecausetherearerelativelyfewsystemsthatcollect,recycleandreusematerials.Suchrecyclingrequiresthemanualseparationoffibres,aswellasbuttonsandzips.Differentfibresarenoteasytoidentifybyeye,andoverallsuchmanualprocessesaretime-consuming.Machineryisbeingdevelopedthatcanhelp.Technologiesalsoexisttorecycleusedfibreschemicallyandtocreatehigh-qualityfibresthatcanbereusedinclothing.Butthesearenowherenearthescaleneeded.Anotherchallengeforresearchersistoworkouthowtogetconsumersandmanufacturerstochangetheirbehaviour.Otherresearchquestionsincludefindingwaystoencouragepeopletopurchaselonglastinggoods;exploringhowtosatisfydesiresforsomethingnewwhilereducingenvironmentalimpact;andunderstandingwhycertainmeasurescanbesuccessfullyscaledupwhereasothersfail.8.Whydoestheauthormention“water”,“microplastics”and“chemicals”inParagraph2?A.Tolistexamples.B.Toproveapoint.C.Toprovideanidea.D.Togiveadefinition.9.Whichofthefollowinggoesagainsttheconceptof“circulareconomy”?A.Effortsaremadetolengthenthelifespanoftextiles.B.Worn-outclothesareusedasdishclothsandoilrags.C.High-qualityfibresarecreatedtobereusedinclothing.D.Fashionindustryisencouragedtoreleasenewlinesmoreoften.10.Whatistherightthingforthefashionindustryresearcherstodo?A.Tomakesurethatalloftheusedtextilesgotolandfill.B.Toseparatefibres,aswellasbuttonsandzipsmanually.C.Toimproveandexpandtextilerecyclingtoalargerextent.D.Toencourageconsumerstosatisfytheirdesiresforfashion.11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Saynototheso-calledfastfashionB.AddressthechallengesforresearchersC.EmbracemoreofthecirculareconomyD.Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了所謂的“快時尚”潮流所帶來的環(huán)境危害，以及研究人員為了避免環(huán)境危害所進行的努力措施。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所謂的“快時尚”正在對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響)”和“Thefashionindustry,oneoftheworld’slargestusersofwater,consumesanywherefrom20trillionto200trillionlitreseveryyear.Thentherearemicroplastics.Plasticfibresarereleasedwhenwewashpolyester(聚酯纖維)andotherpolymer-basedtextiles,andmakeupbetween20%and35%ofthemicroplasticschokingtheoceans.Addedtothisarespecificchemicals,suchasthoseusedtomakefabricsstainresistantandthepesticidesrequiredtoprotectcropssuchascotton.(時裝業(yè)是世界上用水最多的行業(yè)之一，每年的用水量在20萬億到200萬億升之間。還有微塑料。當我們清洗聚酯纖維和其他基于聚合物的紡織品時，塑料纖維被釋放出來，構(gòu)成了阻塞海洋的20%到35%的微塑料。除此之外，還有一些特殊的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，比如用來使織物耐污的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，以及保護棉花等作物所需的農(nóng)藥)”可知，作者在第二段中提到“水”、“微塑料”和“化學(xué)品”的目的是為了證明一個觀點，也就是“快時尚”正在對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響。故選B。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thatwillinvolveatleasttwothings:refocusingonmakingthingsthatlast,andsoencouragingreuse;andmorerapidlyexpandingthetechnologiesforsustainablemanufacturingprocesses,especiallyrecycling.There’sabigroleforresearch--bothacademicandindustrial--inachievingtheseandotherambitions.(這將至少涉及兩件事：重新專注于讓物品耐用，從而鼓勵重復(fù)使用；更迅速地擴大可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)工藝的技術(shù)，特別是回收利用。在實現(xiàn)這些和其他雄心方面，學(xué)術(shù)和工業(yè)研究都發(fā)揮著重要作用)”可知，與“循環(huán)經(jīng)濟”的概念相抵觸的是鼓勵時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)更頻繁地發(fā)布新產(chǎn)品。故選D。【10題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Researcherscouldbeginbyhelpingtoprovidemoreaccurateestimatesofwateruse.Thereisalsoworktobedoneonimprovingandexpandingtextilesrecycling.(研究人員可以從幫助提供更準確的用水量估算開始。在改善和擴大紡織品回收方面也有工作要做)”可知，時尚產(chǎn)業(yè)研究者應(yīng)該做的正確的事情是在更大程度上改善和擴大紡織品回收利用。故選C。【11題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段的“Theso-called‘Fastfashion’ishavingasurprisingenvironmentalimpact.(所謂的“快時尚”正在對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生驚人的影響)”和第三段的“Changeisbadlyneeded,butwillrequirethefashionindustrytoworkhardertoembracemoreofwhatisknownasthecirculareconomy.(變革是迫切需要的，但這需要時尚行業(yè)更加努力，更多地接受所謂的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟)”可知，文章講述了所謂的“快時尚”對環(huán)境產(chǎn)生的影響，以及給我們提供的建議，以避免這種影響，因此最好的題目是D選項“Cutfastfashion’senvironmentalimpact(減少快時尚對環(huán)境的影響)”。故選D。DQuantum(量子)computershavebeenonmymindalotlately.Afriendhasbeensendingmearticlesonhowquantumcomputersmighthelpsolvesomeofthebiggestchallengeswefaceashumans.I’vealsohadexchangeswithtwoquantum-computingexperts.OneiscomputerscientistChrisJohnsonwhoIseeassomeonewhohelpskeepthefieldhonest.TheotherisphysicistPhilipTaylor.Fordecades,quantumcomputinghasbeenlittlemorethanalaboratorycuriosity.Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.”Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.Heworriesthatresearchersaremakingpromisestheycan’tkeep.“What’snew,”Johnsonwrote,“isthatmillionsofdollarsarenowpotentiallyavailabletoquantumcomputingresearchers.”Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.Lotsofothertechnologieshavegonethroughstagesofexcitement.Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”AndthatbringsmebacktoTaylor,whosuggestedthatIreadhisbookQforQuantum.AfterIreadthebook,Taylorpatientlyansweredmyquestionsaboutit.HealsoansweredmyquestionsaboutPyQuantum,thefirmheco-foundedin2016.TaylorsharesJohnson’sconcernsabouthype,buthesaysthoseconcernsdonotapplytoPyQuantum.Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.12.RegardingJohnson’sconcerns,theauthorfeels________.A.sympathetic B.unconcerned C.doubtful D.excited13.WhatleadstoTaylor’soptimismaboutquantumcomputing?A.Hisdominanceinphysics. B.Thecompetitioninthefield.C.HisconfidenceinPyQuantum. D.Theinvestmentoftechcompanies.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prone”inParagraph3mostprobablymean?A.Open. B.Cool. C.Useful. D.Resistant.15.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.IsJohnsonMoreCompetentThanTaylor?B.IsQuantumComputingRedefiningTechnology?C.WillQuantumComputersEverComeintoBeing?D.WillQuantumComputingEverLiveUptoItsHype?【答案】12.A13.C14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Asquantumcomputingattractsmoreattentionandfunding,researchersmaymisleadinvestors,journalists,thepublicand,worstofall,themselvesabouttheirwork’spotential.Ifresearcherscan’tkeeptheirpromises,excitementmightgivewaytodoubt,disappointmentandanger,Johnsonwarns.（隨著量子計算吸引了更多的關(guān)注和資金，研究人員可能會誤導(dǎo)投資者、記者、公眾，最糟糕的是，他們自己的工作潛力。約翰遜警告說，如果研究人員不能兌現(xiàn)承諾，興奮可能會讓位于懷疑、失望和憤怒）”根據(jù)最后一段“ButItrustTaylor,justasItrustJohnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信約翰遜一樣）可知，關(guān)于約翰遜的擔憂，作者是支持的。A.sympathetic同情的，贊同的；B.unconcerned不關(guān)心的；C.doubtful懷疑的；D.excited激動的。故選A。【13題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thecompany,hesays,iscloserthananyotherfirm“byaverylargemargin(幅度)”tobuildinga“useful”quantumcomputer,onethat“solvesanimpactfulproblemthatwewouldnothavebeenabletosolveotherwise.”Headds,“Peoplewillnaturallydiscountmyopinions,butIhavespentalotoftimequantitativelycomparingwhatwearedoingwithothers.”（他說，這家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子計算機，它“解決了一個有影響力的問題，否則我們無法解決這個問題”。他補充說:“人們自然會不相信我的觀點，但我已經(jīng)花了很多時間來定量地比較我們與他人的做法）”可知，泰勒對量子計算的樂觀來源于他對PyQuantum的信心。故選C。【14題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Butsomethingaboutquantumcomputingmakesitespeciallypronetohype,Johnsonsuggests,perhapsbecause“‘quantum’standsforsomethingcoolyoushouldn’tbeabletounderstand.”（但約翰遜表明，量子計算的某些方面使得它特別prone被炒作，可能是因為“量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西。”）”可知，本句中含有一個原因狀語從句，因為““量子”代表了一些你不應(yīng)該理解的酷東西”，所以它特別容易被炒作。故prone意為“易于……的”。A.Open.開放的；易受損害的；B.Cool.酷的；C.Useful.有用的；D.Resistant.有抵抗力的。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Now,bigtechcompanieshaveinvestedinquantumcomputing,ashavemanysmallerones.AccordingtoBusinessWeekly,quantummachinescouldhelpus“curecancer,andeventakestepstoturnclimatechangeintheoppositedirection.Thisisthesortofhype(炒作)thatannoysJohnson.”（現(xiàn)在，大型科技公司和許多小型公司都在量子計算領(lǐng)域進行了投資。據(jù)《商業(yè)周刊》報道，量子機器可以幫助我們“治愈癌癥，甚至采取措施將氣候變化轉(zhuǎn)向相反的方向。這種炒作讓約翰遜感到惱火。”）”以及最后一段“CouldPyQuantumreallybeleadingallthecompetition“byawidemargin”,asTaylorclaims?Idon’tknow.I’mcertainlynotgoingtoadvisemyfriendoranyoneelsetoinvestinquantumcomputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所說的那樣“以巨大的優(yōu)勢”領(lǐng)先所有競爭對手嗎？我不知道。我當然不會建議我的朋友或其他人投資量子計算機。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任約翰遜一樣。）”可知，本文主要論述了“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”，計算機科學(xué)家克里斯·約翰遜和物理學(xué)家菲利普·泰勒分別闡明了自己的觀點。所以短文的最佳標題為“量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，選項中有兩項為多余選項。Resolving(解決)ConflictinFriendshipsConflictissurelyacommonprobleminlifeandfriendships.___16___That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement.Unfortunately,evenwhenthefriendshipreachesadeeperlevel,conflictcontinuestohappenandcanbreakapartarelationship.Herearesomeresolutions.Resolveitthedayithappens.Onerulemyparentsfollowintheirmarriageisthattheydon'tgotobedangrywitheachother.Theyalwaysattempttoresolvethingsthedayithappenssothatinthemorning,it'safreshstartwithnopastgrudge(怨恨).I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger.___17___Whateveryoudo,don'tletthingsridefortoolong.___18___Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.Forexample,youmightbealeaderwhileyourfriendismoreofafollower.Youmaybefrustratedwithhimorherfornotbeingverydecisive.Yetitisimportanttounderstandthateachpersonisuniqueandneedstobeappreciated.Initiateresolution.___19___Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong，it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway."Ifyou'rehonestandgenuineindeliveringyourwords,there'sagoodchanceyourfriendwillrespondpositively.Mostimportantly,belovinginwhatyoudo.Trytofocusonpeacefullyresolvingthedisagreement.Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship.___20___A.Don'texpecttoomuch.B.Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.C.Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.E.Tosaysorrybravelywhenaconflictbreaksoutisabetterresolution.F.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.G.Forsome,countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganythingmaybeanoption.【答案】16.D17.G18.B19.C20.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文主要講述了沖突無疑是生活和友誼中常見的問題，我們要努力集中精力和平解決友誼中的沖突，比如在沖突發(fā)生的那一天就去解決，從對方的角度看問題，真誠地表達自己的觀點并及時道歉等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“That'sbecausethereisn'tenoughdepthtoguaranteeallthetroubleittakestosmoothoverthedisagreement(這是因為沒有足夠的深度來保證消除分歧所帶來的所有麻煩)”可知，句中的“thereisn'tenoughdepth(沒有足夠的深度)”與D項中的“shallow(膚淺的)”對應(yīng)，選項D.Manyshallowfriendshipsendupbeingruinedafteranargument.(許多膚淺的友誼在一次爭吵后都被毀掉了。)”符合邏輯以及語境，下文的that指代選項提到這件事。故選D。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“I'vefoundIneedashortcooldownperiodsothatIdon'tactinanger(我發(fā)現(xiàn)我需要一個短暫的冷靜期，這樣我才不會生氣)”可知，句中的“ashortcooldownperiod(一個短暫的冷靜期)”與G項中的“countingtoonehundredbeforesayinganything(數(shù)到一百再說話)”對應(yīng)，選項G.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，對有些人來說，數(shù)到一百再說話可能是一種選擇)符合邏輯以及語境，故選G。【18題詳解】設(shè)空處為本段主旨句。根據(jù)下一句“Sometimesifyousitdownandtalkthingsover,youbegintoseewheretheotherpersoniscomingfrom.Realizethateveryonehasbeencreateddifferentlywithvarioustalents,abilities,andpersonalitytraits.(有時候，如果你坐下來好好談一談，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)對方是從哪里來的.認識到每個人都有不同的天賦、能力和個性特征。)”可知,本段建議從他人的角度來看問題。B項Trytoseetheotherperson'sperspective.(試著從對方的角度看問。)可以作為主旨句，故選B。【19題詳解】根據(jù)下一句“Evenwhenyouthinktheotherpersoniswrong,it'snotabadthingtosay"I'msorryifIoffendedyouinthatway.(即使你認為對方錯了，說“如果我那樣冒犯了你，我很抱歉”也不是壞事)”可知，句中的“I'msorry(我很抱歉)”與C項中的“saysorry(道歉)”對應(yīng)，C項Bethefirstpersoninafighttosaysorryforyourpart.(在戰(zhàn)斗中做第一個為你的角色道歉的人)內(nèi)容相關(guān)，符合語境，故選C。【20題詳解】根據(jù)前一句“Itisnotamostpleasanttasktoresolveconflictinanyfriendship(在任何友誼中解決沖突都不是一件令人愉快的事情)”，以及結(jié)合文章主旨“努力集中精力和平解決友誼中的沖突”，可知，句中的“notamostpleasanttask(不是一件令人愉快的事情)”與F項中的“itisworththeefforts(這是值得的努力)”形成對比，再次點明主旨，F(xiàn)項.However,itisworththeeffortsbecauseitresultsinadeeperfriendship.(然而，這是值得的努力，因為它導(dǎo)致了更深的友誼)銜接合理，符合語境以及文章主旨，故選F。第二部分英語知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)Beinggoodatsomethingandhavingapassionforitarenotenough.Success____21____fundamentallyonourviewofourselvesandofthe____22____inourlives.Whentwelve-year-oldJohnWilsonwalkedintohischemistryclassonarainydayin1931,hehadno____23____ofknowingthathislifewastochangecompletely.Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____24____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.Somehow,thecontainertheteachergaveWilsontoheat____25____heldsomethingmorevolatile(易揮發(fā)的)thanwater.WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____26____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.WhenWilsonreturnedhomefromhospitaltwomonthslater,hisparents____27____tofindawaytodealwiththecatastrophethathadhappenedtotheirlives.ButWilsondidnotregardtheaccidentas____28____.Helearnedbraille(盲文)quicklyandcontinuedhiseducationatWorcesterCollegefortheBlind.There,henotonlydidwellasastudentbutalsobecamea(n)____29____publicspeaker.Later,heworkedinAfrica,wheremanypeoplesufferedfrom____30____forlackofpropertreatment.Forhim,itwasonethingto____31____hisownfateofbeingblindandquiteanothertoallowsomethingtocontinuewhenitcouldbefixedsoeasily.Thismovedhimtoaction.AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthecommitmentWilsonmadetopreventingthe____32____.Wilsonreceivedseveralinternational____33____forhisgreatcontributions.Helosthissightbutfounda____34____.Heprovedthatit’snotwhathappenstousthat____35____ourlives—it’swhatwemakeofwhathappens.21.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects22.A.dilemmas B.accidents C.events D.steps23.A.way B.hope C.plan D.measure24.A.direct B.show C.advocate D.declare25.A.mistakenly B.casually C.amazingly D.clumsily26.A.erupted B.exploded C.emptied D.exposed27.A.deserved B.attempted C.cared D.agreed28.A.fantastic B.extraordinary C.impressive D.catastrophic29.A.accomplished B.crucial C.specific D.innocent30.A.deafness B.depression C.blindness D.speechlessness31.A.decide B.abandon C.control D.accept32.A.preventable B.potential C.spreadable D.influential33.A.scholarships B.rewards C.awards D.bonuses34.A.fortune B.recipe C.dream D.vision35.A.distinguishes B.determines C.claims D.limits【答案】21.A22.C23.A24.B25.A26.B27.B28.D29.A30.C31.D32.A33.C34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。約翰·威爾遜在實驗中因出現(xiàn)事故而失明，但他沒有被命運擊倒，而是努力奮斗改變命運，最后取得成功。文章告訴我們，我們的生活不是取決于發(fā)生在我們身上的事情，而是取決于我們對發(fā)生的事情的態(tài)度。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：成功從根本上取決于我們對自己和生活中事件的看法。A.depends取決于；B.holds拿；C.keeps保持；D.reflects反映。根據(jù)后文“fundamentallyonourviewofourselves”及空格后的介詞on可知，成功從根本上取決于我們對自己和生活中事件的看法。故選A項。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：成功從根本上取決于我們對自己和生活中事件的看法。A.dilemmas困境；B.accidents事故；C.events事件；D.steps步驟。根據(jù)句意并結(jié)合下文講述的故事可知，可知此處意指對生活中的一些事情的看法。故選C項。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1931年，當12歲的約翰·威爾遜在一個下雨天走進化學(xué)教室時，他還不知道他的生活將徹底改變。A.way方式；B.hope希望；C.plan計劃；D.measure措施。根據(jù)下文“WhenWilsonheatedit,thecontainer____6____,leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.”可知，Wilson不知道一節(jié)普通的化學(xué)實驗課會讓他雙目失明，改變了自己的人生。此處考查短語noway意為“不可能，絕不”。故選A項。24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：那天的課堂實驗是展示如何加熱裝有水的容器會使空氣起泡到表面。A.direct指導(dǎo)；B.show展示；C.advocate提倡；D.declare宣布。根據(jù)后文“howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，此處表示課堂實驗是展示如何加熱裝有水的容器會使空氣起泡到表面。故選B。【25題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不知為什么，老師給威爾遜加熱的容器錯誤地裝了比水更易揮發(fā)的東西。A.mistakenly錯誤地；B.casually隨意地；C.amazingly令人驚奇地；D.clumsily笨拙地。根據(jù)前文“Theclassexperimentthatdaywasto____4____howheatingacontainerofwaterwouldbringairbubbling(冒泡)tothesurface.”可知，這個實驗本來是加熱水的，但是Wilson得到的是比水更容易揮發(fā)的物質(zhì)，是老師的失誤。故選A項。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當威爾遜加熱它時，容器爆炸了，威爾遜雙目失明。A.erupted噴發(fā)；B.exploded爆炸；C.emptied變空；D.exposed暴露。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)eavingWilsonblind