高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市東城區2024-2025學年高二上學期期末考試英語試題第一部分知識運用(共三節，36分)第一節完形填空(共8小題;每小題1.5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ItwasaMondaynightandIwasextremelyupset.TwomonthsearlierIhad___1___toCanada,lookingforfunandadventure.WithinacoupleofweeksIknewI’dmadea/an___2___.EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.IwasinCanadanowsoIhadtospeaktheCanadianway.AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.Ifoundmyselfa“strangeforeigner”toothers.Enoughwasenough;I___3___andwasgoinghome.Having___4___mybags,Idecidedtomakethebestofmylastnight,andwenttovolunteeratalocalfirstaidcenter.ThateveningIwaspairedwithaCanadianyoungmannamedLarry.Wehadtopracticeturningtheinjuredontheirside.Ihadn’tseentheCanadianmethodsoIdidintheEnglishway.LarrywatchedmeandIexpected___5___aboutEnglishways.Icouldn’tbearthat,sobeforehecouldstartIsaid,“I’msorry,butit’sthe___6___wayIknow.”Hepausedforamoment,lookedatmeandsaid,“Youknow,whatyoudid___7___.It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.Justdowhatyouknow.”Iwassurprised.Thenhesmiledatmeandsaid,“It’sOK,”andsuddenlyitwas.Iwenthomeandunpackedmybags.Larry,whogavemeback___8___inmyself,broughtsunshinebackintomylife.1.A.returned B.immigrated C.escaped D.adapted2.A.mistake B.difference C.decision D.inference3.A.droppedin B.setout C.gaveup D.tookoff4.A.sold B.packed C.found D.taken5.A.comments B.thoughts C.observations D.predictions6.A.quick B.easy C.only D.new7.A.fails B.changes C.ends D.works8.A.patience B.faith C.promise D.quality【答案】1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.C7.D8.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了移居加拿大兩個月的作者因語言和行為方式不同于當地人而沮喪得想回家，在做志愿者的最后一晚，作者用英國方法幫傷者翻身，本以為會遭同伴Larry的評論，沒想到他認可了作者的做法，這讓作者重拾信心，決定留下。【1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩個月前，我移居到加拿大，尋找樂趣和冒險。A.returned返回；B.immigrated移居；C.escaped逃跑；D.adapted適應。根據下文“lookingforfunandadventure”和“I______andwasgoinghome”可知，作者來加拿大是想尋找樂趣和冒險，他的家原本不在這里，由此可知，他是移居到加拿大。故選B。【2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：幾周后，我意識到自己犯了一個錯誤。A.mistake錯誤；B.difference差異；C.decision決定；D.inference推斷。根據下文“EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.”和“AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.Ifoundmyselfa“strangeforeigner”toothers.”可知，作者的語言和行為方式不同于當地加拿大人，在這里被當作“陌生的外國人”，由此可知，他意識到自己來加拿大是犯了一個錯誤。故選A。【3題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：適可而止；我放棄了，準備回家。A.droppedin順便拜訪；B.setout出發；C.gaveup放棄；D.tookoff起飛。根據上文“Enoughwasenough”和下文“wasgoinghome”可知，作者覺得不能繼續這樣了，準備回家，由此可知，他決定放棄待在加拿大。故選C。【4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：打包好行李后，我決定好好利用我的最后一個晚上，去當地的急救中心做志愿者。A.sold出售；B.packed打包；C.found發現；D.taken拿走。根據下文“Iwenthomeandunpackedmybags.”可知，后來作者打開行李，由此可知，他先是打包好行李。故選B。【5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Larry看著我，我預料他會對英國人的生活方式發表評論。A.comments評論；B.thoughts想法；C.observations觀察；D.predictions預測。根據上文“EverywhereIwastoldIshouldn’tuseEnglishtermssuchaslift,bootorbiscuit.”和“AtworkeverythingthatIsaidorIdidwasn’t“Canadian”.”可知，作者的語言和行為方式并不被加拿大人認可，他們會對此加以評判，由此可知，作者預料身為加拿大人的Larry也會對自己用英國方法翻身發表評論。故選A。【6題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我無法忍受，所以在他開口之前，我說：“對不起，但這是我唯一知道的辦法。”A.quick快速的；B.easy容易的；C.only唯一的；D.new新的。根據上文“Ihadn’tseentheCanadianmethodsoIdidintheEnglishway.”可知，作者沒有見過加拿大的方法，只能用英國的方法做了，由此可知，他是解釋英國的方法是自己唯一知道的辦法，以此避免被身為加拿大人的Larry評判。故選C。【7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你知道嗎，你所做的很有效。A.fails失敗；B.changes改變；C.ends結束；D.works有效。根據下文“It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.”可知，Larry認為作者的做法和加拿大的方法一樣好，結果完全一樣，由此可知，他是說作者所做的很有效。故選D。【8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Larry讓我重新相信自己，讓我的生活重新充滿陽光。A.patience耐心；B.faith信心；C.promise承諾；D.quality質量。根據上文“It’sjustasgoodastheCanadianmethodandachievesexactlythesameresult.Justdowhatyouknow.”和“Thenhesmiledatmeandsaid,“It’sOK,”andsuddenlyitwas.”可知，Larry認可了作者的英國做法，覺得作者的行為方式沒問題，由此可知，這會讓一直受挫的作者重新相信自己。故選B。第二節語法填空(共8小題;每小題1.5分，共12分)A閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。WangYongzhi,apioneerofChina’smannedspaceprogram,wassawardedtheMedaloftheRepublic___9___September29th,2024.In1986,asheadofthegeneraldesigndepartment,WangguidedthedesignoftheLongMarchrocketandalsoplayedaleadingroleinProject863,____10____wasanationalhigh-techproject.Heandhiscolleaguescarriedoutover300largegroundtests,and____11____(overcome)20technicalchallenges.Finally,theLongMarch-2Emadeitssuccessfulflight.Wangpassedawayin2024.____12____helefttouswerehundredsofnotebooksandmorethanadozenpiecesoforalhistoriesabouthiswork.【答案】9.on10.which11.overcame12.What【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了中國載人航天事業的先驅王永志的生平事跡。【9題詳析】考查介詞。句意：2024年9月29日，中國載人航天事業的先驅王永志被授予中華人民共和國勛章。具體日期前用介詞on。故填on。【10題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：1986年，作為總設計部主任，他指導了長征火箭的設計，并在國家高新技術項目863工程中發揮了主導作用。此處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Project863，指事物，關系詞在從句中作主語，應用關系代詞which引導。故填which。【11題詳析】考查動詞時態。句意：他和他的同事們進行了300多次大型地面試驗，克服了20項技術挑戰。根據前文carried可知，此處描述過去發生的事情，應用一般過去時，謂語動詞用過去式。故填overcame。【12題詳析】考查名詞性從句。句意：他留給我們的是數百本筆記本和十幾篇關于他工作的口述歷史。此處引導主語從句，從句中缺少賓語，表示“……的事”，應用連接代詞what引導。位于句首，首字母大寫。故填What。B閱讀下列短文，根據短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當的單詞，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。Weusebothwordsandbodylanguagetoexpressourthoughtsandopinionsinourinteractionswithotherpeople.Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguage____13____(vary)fromculturetoculture.Whenused____14____(appropriate),bodylanguageservesasapowerfultooltobuildtrustbetweenpeople.Therefore,itisessentialtoknowtheculturaldifferencesinbodylanguage.Forexample,inChina,____15____(make)eyecontactwhentalkingwithsomeoneisawaytodisplayrespect.However,insomeMiddleEasterncountries,itisimpolite.Knowingthese,wecanavoid____16____(cause)misunderstandingsandconflict,andusebodylanguagemoreeffectively.【答案】13.varies14.appropriately15.making16.causing【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了肢體語言在人際交往中的重要性，以及肢體語言因文化差異而存在的不同。【13題詳析】考查動詞時態。句意：就像口頭語言一樣，肢體語言也因文化而異。空處作謂語，陳述客觀事實，使用一般現在時，且主語“bodylanguage”為不可數名詞，所以謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式varies。故填varies。【14題詳析】考查副詞。句意：當使用得當時，肢體語言是建立人與人之間信任的有力工具。修飾動詞used需用副詞appropriately，作狀語。故填appropriately。【15題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：例如，在中國，與人交談時保持眼神交流是一種表示尊重的方式。空處作主語，需用動名詞形式。故填making。【16題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：了解這些差異，我們可以避免造成誤解和沖突，并更有效地使用肢體語言。avoiddoingsth.為固定搭配，表示“避免做某事”。故填causing。第三節翻譯句子(共6小題;每小題2分，共12分)請將下面的中文句子翻譯成英文，翻譯時須運用括號內所給的詞匯。請將答案書寫在答題卡相應位置。17.和朋友保持聯系很重要。(keepintouch)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Keepingintouchwithfriendsisimportant.【詳析】考查非謂語動詞和時態。表示“和……保持聯系”應用動詞短語keepintouchwith，作主語，需用動名詞短語；表示“朋友”應用friends；表示“是”應用be，此處陳述客觀事實，使用一般現在時，主語為動名詞短語，be動詞用is；表示“重要的”應用important。故翻譯成：Keepingintouchwithfriendsisimportant.。18.明天這個時候，我們將正在國家公園里騎車。(cycle)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】We’llbecyclinginthenationalparkthistimetomorrow.【詳析】考查動詞時態。表示“明天這個時候”應用時間狀語thistimetomorrow；表示“我們”應用we；表示“騎車”應用cycle，結合時間狀語可知，使用將來進行時willbecycling；表示“國家公園”應用thenationalpark。故翻譯成：We’llbecyclinginthenationalparkthistimetomorrow.。19.成為一名志愿者的想法吸引了我。(appealto)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Theideaofbeingavolunteerappealstome.【詳析】考查動詞時態。表示“……的想法”應用theideaof；表示“成為一名志愿者”應用beavolunteer，位于介詞后面，使用動名詞形式；表示“吸引”應用appealto，陳述目前事實，使用一般現在時，主語為單數名詞，謂語動詞使用第三人稱單數形式；表示“我”應用me。故翻譯為Theideaofbeingavolunteerappealstome.20.袁隆平為解決糧食問題奉獻了一生。(devote)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】YuanLongpingdevotedhislifetotacklingthefoodproblem.【詳析】考查動詞時態和句子結構。本句描述過去發生的事情，用一般過去時。主語為YuanLongping；用句式devote…todoingsth表示“為解決糧食問題奉獻了一生”為devotehislifetotacklingthefoodproblem，to為介詞，后接動名詞作賓語。故翻譯為YuanLongpingdevotedhislifetotacklingthefoodproblem.21.據估計，60%的學生參加過社會活動。(estimate;getinvolvedin)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】Itisestimatedthat60%studentshavegotinvolvedinsocialactivities.【詳析】考查固定句型和時態。表示“據估計”應用固定句型Itisestimatedthat...，it為形式主語，that引導主語從句；表示“60%的學生”應用60%students；表示“參加”應用getinvolvedin，此處表示過去發生的事情對現在產生影響，需用現在完成時，主語為復數名詞，助動詞用have；表示“社會活動”應用socialactivities。故翻譯為Itisestimatedthat60%studentshavegotinvolvedinsocialactivities.。22.據我所知，他們已經說服教授接受了邀請。(persuade)(漢譯英)______________________________________________________【答案】AsfarasIknow,theyhavepersuadedtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation.【詳析】考查動詞時態和句子結構。表示“據我所知”為固定搭配as

farasIknow，為一般現在時；表示“他們已經說服教授”用現在完成時，表示過去發生的動作對現在的影響；用句式persuadesbtodosth表示“說服教授接受了邀請”為persuadtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation。主謂一致，故翻譯為AsfarasIknow,theyhavepersuadedtheprofessortoaccepttheinvitation.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節，32分)第一節(共11小題;每小題2分，共22分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ACreatingasmarthomeiseasierthanever.Smarthomedeviceshavebecomemoreaffordableandeasiertosetupthaninyearspast.Herearesomeofthetopsmarthomedevicesoftheyear.PhilipsHueStarterKitCompatible(兼容的)withsomerelevantappsonyoursmartphoneforvoicecontrolandintegration,PhilipsHueStarterKithaseverythingyouneedtomakeyourlightssmarter.Userscancontrolthelightsremotelywherevertheyusetheapp.Onebuyersaid,“LovethatIcanswitchonlightsremotelyandchangethecolorsoftheroomfromanapponthephone.”NestThermostat(恒溫器)Withreliableperformance,theNestThermostathasproventobeoneofbestproductsever.Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone,andprogramittoenterenergy-efficientmodewhenyouleavethehouse.Onebuyerremarked,“Oneofitsoutstandingfeaturesisitsabilitytolearnyourpreferencesandautomaticallyadjustsettingstokeepyoucomfortable.”AutomaticCurtainOpenerThesmartcurtainissuitableforbedrooms,livingrooms,offices,babyrooms,andmore.Itsupgradedmotorensuressmoothoperationevenonheavycurtains(upto15KG),perfectforthickcurtainmaterials.Meanwhile,itssilentmodeenablesyourdevicetooperatebelow25dB(分貝),allowingyourcurtainstodriftslowerandquieter,greatforwakingupinthemorningandperfectforthosewithsleepdisordersorpeoplewhoaresensitivetosound.Thisenvironmentallyfriendlydeviceiseasytouseandsaveselectricity.Userscanusethemobileapptomanagecurtainopening,closing,andopenpercentage.Voicecommandsarealsoaccepted.23.WhatcantheNestThermostatdo?A.Saveenergy. B.Changetheusers’habits.C.Operateinasilentmode. D.Correcttheusers’sleepingdisorder.24.Allthethreeproducts________.A.supportvoicecontrol B.providecustomerserviceC.canlearntheusers’preferences D.canbecontrolledfromthesmartphone【答案】23.A24.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了三款頂級的智能家居設備。【23題詳析】細節理解題。根據NestThermostat(恒溫器)部分的“Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone,andprogramittoenterenergy-efficientmodewhenyouleavethehouse.(它可以讓你通過智能手機控制家中的溫度，并在你離開家時將其設置為節能模式)”可知，Nest恒溫器可以節約能源。故選A。【24題詳析】細節理解題。根據PhilipsHueStarterKit部分的“PhilipsHueStarterKithaseverythingyouneedtomakeyourlightssmarter.Userscancontrolthelightsremotelywherevertheyusetheapp.(PhilipsHue入門套件擁有讓你燈光更智能所需的一切。用戶可以在使用應用程序的任何地方遠程控制燈光)”，NestThermostat(恒溫器)部分的“Itenablesyoutocontrolyourhome’stemperaturefromyoursmartphone.(它可以讓你通過智能手機控制家中的溫度)”和最后一段“Userscanusethemobileapptomanagecurtainopening,closing,andopenpercentage.(用戶可以使用手機應用程序管理窗簾的開合和開啟百分比)”可知，PhilipsHue入門套件、Nest恒溫器和自動窗簾開啟器這三款產品都可以通過智能手機控制。故選D。BIt’saSaturdaymorningandI’mjustfourmetresfromtheground,clingingto(抓緊)awall.I’vereachedthetopandcan’tfindafootholdtostartbackdown.Myheartisbeatingfastandmywholebodyiscold.Icouldjustletgoanddroptothethick,softsafetymats(墊子)below;butalthoughIknowthatwouldn’thurt,somehowitseemsincredible.Iamheretofindoutwhysomanypeoplearefallinginlovewithindoorclimbing.Itisreportedthatthereareover35millionclimbersworldwide,andintheUKalonethenumbersaregrowingby15—20%ayear.So,what’stheattraction?“Ifinditreallyhardnottothinkaboutworkallthetime,”saysPaulLennon,whohasbeenclimbingfortwoyears.“ThewallistheoneplacewhereIdon’tevenneedtotrytoswitchoff.Youjustfocusonwhatyou’redoingandit’sveryrelaxing.There’slotsofproblem-solving,workingoutwheretoputyourhandsandfeet.Thementaleffortdistractsyoufromdoingmuchelse.”Anotherthingthatinterestsme,isthenumberofwomeninthisactivity.“It’snon-threatening,andyoudon’tneedtobeagreatathletetodoit.”says24-year-oldYasmine,whohasbeenclimbingforthreeyears.“Idon’tfeelatadisadvantage,andIknowsomeotherwomenclimbersfeellikeme.Ifatallstrongguydoestheclimbwithaone-armpull-up,Icandoitbystretchingoutoneofmylegsandbalancingonahold.MyyearsofgymnasticswhenIwasatschoolhavereallyhelped.AlthoughI’mshortandlookrelativelyweakcomparedwithothers,I’vegotaleg-upinotherways.”WhenIeventuallyunfreezeandmakeitbackdowntoearth,Inoticeanine-year-oldgirl.Sheseemsmuchmorematureinthedecisionmakingandteam-workingskillsthanIwouldnormallyexpectfromchildrenofherage.Havinglearnedthatshehasbeentoclassesforabouttwoyears.Idecidetohaveanothergo!25.Reachingthetopofthewall,theauthorfeels________.A.bored B.disappointed C.depressed D.frightened26.PaulLennonlikeswallclimbingbecauseithelpshim________.A.builduphisbody B.findthemeaningoflifeC.getawayfromwork D.solvephysicalproblems27.AccordingtoYasmine,whatisheradvantageinwallclimbing?A.Bodyflexibility. B.Teamworkspirit.C.Teachingexperience. D.Professionalknowledge.【答案】25.D26.C27.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文，作者通過親身體驗室內攀巖，并采訪了幾位攀巖愛好者，探討了室內攀巖的吸引力以及為什么越來越多的人，包括女性，都愛上了這項運動。【25題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第一段“Myheartisbeatingfastandmywholebodyiscold.(我的心跳得很快，全身發冷。)”可知，作者到達墻頂時感到害怕。故選D。【26題詳析】細節理解題。根據第三段“Ifinditreallyhardnottothinkaboutworkallthetime…ThewallistheoneplacewhereIdon’tevenneedtotrytoswitchoff.Youjustfocusonwhatyou’redoingandit’sveryrelaxing.(我發現很難一直不去想工作……攀巖墻是我唯一不需要刻意關掉工作思緒的地方。你只需要專注于你正在做的事情，這非常放松。)”可知，PaulLennon喜歡攀巖是因為它能幫助他遠離工作，放松自己。故選C。【27題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段“AlthoughI’mshortandlookrelativelyweakcomparedwithothers,I’vegotaleg-upinotherways.(雖然我個子矮，看起來比別人相對弱一些，但我在其他方面有優勢。)”和“Icandoitbystretchingoutoneofmylegsandbalancingonahold.MyyearsofgymnasticswhenIwasatschoolhavereallyhelped.(我可以通過伸出一條腿，在一個支點上保持平衡來做到這一點。我在學校多年的體操訓練真的很有幫助。)”可知，Yasmine認為她在攀巖中的優勢是身體靈活性。故選A。CIt’struethatthere’ssomethingpleasantandtrustworthyaboutasmile—butthiscanbemisleading.Digalittledeeperandyouwillfindthatthesmileisactuallyoneofthebiggestfakesgoing.Weallputonasmilenowandagaintocomfortourfellowhumansandavoidunnecessaryconflict.Weallsuppose,however,thatagenuine(真誠的)smileoftrueenjoymentissomethingverydifferent.Infact,ithasbeengivenaname:theDuchennesmile.Thissmileusesthemusclesaroundtheeyestoliftthecheeks,producingwrinklesaroundtheeyes,andhaslongbeenheldasaninimitable(不可仿效的)signoftruehumanemotion.Oratleastitwasuntil2013,whenresearchersfromBostondestroyedthatsaying.Intheirstudy,onegroupofvolunteerswereaskedtoreproducesmilesshowninphotographs,andanothergrouptoevaluatewhetherthefirstgroup’ssmilesweregenuineSomeofthephotographsshowedmouth-onlysmiles,butothersshowedsmilesusingbothmouthandeye-muscles.Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.ThesefindingsindicatethateventhesupposedlygenuineDuchennesmilecanbeconvincinglysimulated.Somuchforsmilingbeinganinimitablesignoftruehumanemotion.Butwhyaresomepeoplesogoodatthiskindofsimulation?Theanswerisn’tnecessarilyevilorharmful.Infact,moreresearcheshavedemonstratedthatyoucanactuallysmileyourselfintoabettermood.Fakeornot,puttingonaDuchennesmilemaybejustthemedicinetofightagainstphysicalandmentaldifficulties.Thesmile,then,canbeafalsefriend.Peoplesmile—ornot—forallkindsofreasonsbeyondsimplyhowhappytheyarefeeling.But,asthesayinggoes,ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.Nexttimeyou’rehavingyourphotographtaken,don’tsay“cheese”;say“cheeks”.Saying“cheeks”willnotonlyshapeyourmouthnicely,butwillalsoremindyoutosqueezeyourcheeksupwardsintoavisuallysatisfying,genuine-lookingDuchennesmile.28.TheBostonresearchers’studyprovesthat________.A.smilesdon’thelpwithcommunicationB.notallgenuine-lookingsmilesshowtrueenjoymentC.theDuchennesmilecan’tbereplacedbyotherexpressionsD.thevolunteerswithtruesmileswon’tgetupseteasilyindailylife29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulated”inParagraph4mean?A.Adjusted. B.Spread. C.Pretended. D.Tested.30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardfalsesmiles?A.Reserved. B.Hesitant. C.Accepting. D.Negative.【答案】28.B29.C30.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要探討了微笑，尤其是杜興式微笑的真實性與可模擬性，以及微笑在日常生活中的應用。【28題詳析】細節理解題。根據文章第二段“Infact,ithasbeengivenaname:theDuchennesmile.Thissmileusesthemusclesaroundtheeyestoliftthecheeks,producingwrinklesaroundtheeyes,andhaslongbeenheldasaninimitablesignoftruehumanemotion.Oratleastitwasuntil2013,whenresearchersfromBostondestroyedthatsaying.(事實上，它有一個名字：杜興式微笑。這種微笑使用眼睛周圍的肌肉來抬起臉頰，在眼睛周圍產生皺紋，長期以來一直被認為是人類真實情感的不可模仿的標志。或者至少直到2013年，波士頓的研究人員打破了這種說法。)”和第三段“Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.(三分之二的人能夠假裝出一個所謂的真誠的微笑，他們在日常生活中也能做得很好。)”可知，波士頓研究人員的研究表明，并非所有看起來真誠的微笑都表示真正的快樂，有些人可以假裝出杜興式微笑。故選B。【29題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據第三段最后一句“Two-thirdsofindividualsturnedouttobeabletofakeasupposedlygenuinesmile,andtheywerealsoabletodothiswellintheireverydaylives.(結果顯示，三分之二的人能夠裝出看似真誠的微笑，而且他們在日常生活中也能做得很好。)”可知，三分之二的人能夠假裝出一個所謂的真誠的微笑，即使是所謂的真誠的杜興式微笑也可以被令人信服地假裝，由此可推測出simulated在此處意為“假裝”，即人們可以假裝出杜興式微笑；劃線詞“simulated”與Pretended意思一致。故選C。【30題詳析】推理判斷題。根據文章最后一段“Peoplesmile—ornot—forallkindsofreasonsbeyondsimplyhowhappytheyarefeeling.But,asthesayinggoes,ifyoucan’tbeatthem,jointhem.(人們微笑或不微笑有各種各樣的原因，而不僅僅是因為他們感覺有多快樂。但是，俗話說，如果你不能打敗他們，就加入他們吧。)”可知，作者認為假笑在某些情況下是可以接受的，甚至可以利用它來改善心情或應對某些情況，所以作者對假笑持接受的態度。故選C。DItisoneofthebiggestquestionsinenvironmentalprotection:Shouldwebesharingourlandscapeswithnaturebyrestoringsmallwoodlandsandadoptingsmall-sizeeco-friendlyfarming?Orshouldweinsteadbesparinglargeareasoflandfornature—bycreatingmorenationalparksandindustrializingagricultureonexistingfarmland?Theargumentbetween‘sparing’and‘sharing’begandecadesago.Leadingtoday’sargumentforthesparersistheresearcherBeniaminPhalan,whobelievesthatbyproducingmorefoodperunitoffarmarea,morelandwouldbeavailableforwildlife.HelookedattherelationshipbetweencropyieldsandthenumberofbirdandtreespeciesintheforestsinAfricaandAsia,andfoundthatbiodiversitydidbestwhereintensifiedcroppingleftspaceforunfarmedhabitatsHeconcludedthat“mostspecieswillhavelargerpopulationsiffoodisproducedonassmallanareaaspossible,whilesparingaslargeanareaofnatureaspossible.”Gameover?Notsofast.Aleadingsupporterofwildlife-friendlyfarming,ClaireKremenoftheUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeley,hascomeoutfighting.ShesaysthatPhalan’sfindings“don’tassessthelong-termconsequencesofisolating(孤立)speciesinprotectedareas.”Herresearchshowsthat“evenverylargeprotectedareaswilllosespeciesiftheyremainisolatedovertime.”Sointhelongrun,sparingwon’tsparemorelandfornatureconservationorfeedtheworldforever.Toavoidmassextinctionandecosystembreakdown,wemustintegratebiodiversityprotectionintothelandscapeweuse.So,sparingorsharing?Infact,agriculturalintensificationwon’tdelivermorelandfornatureunlesstherearetoughrulestoprotectlandnotyetfarmed.Inthe19thcentury,moreefficientcoal-poweredenginesdidnotreducecoalburningbutmassivelyincreaseditbykick-startingtheindustrialrevolution.Followingthatexample,theresultofagriculturalintensificationwillprobablybemorelandtobefarmed.Naturedoesnotrecognizetheboundariesofnationalparks.WhethermigratingelephantsinKenyaormonarchbutterfliesinNorthAmerica,muchnatureexistsinhuman-madeagriculturallandscapes.Recentresearchsuggeststhatsimplyreservinglandwillremoveallthreatstoveryfewspecies—only3percentinfact.Sothepotentialtosharethelandwithoutgivingupnature’slastwildplacesismuchgreaterthanoncethought.LikewhatKremensays,“Wecanspare50percentandsharetherest.”31.Whatwillthesparersprobablyagreewith?A.Relyingonbirdstogetridofpests.B.Protectinginsectsbyorganicfarming.C.Erasingtheboundariesofnationalparks.D.Enlargingthesizeofnaturallygrowingforests.32.Whydoestheauthormentionthecoal-poweredenginesinParagraph4?A.Toanalysetheconsequenceoftheindustrialrevolution.B.Toremindusofthepossibleriskofintensifiedcropping.C.Topresentanexampleoffailureinenvironmentalprotection.D.Tocompareagriculturalintensificationwithwildlife-friendlyfarming.33.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinthepassage?A.Howtoquiettheargumentabouteco-friendlyfarming.B.Howtobalanceenvironmentalpprotectionandagriculture.C.Howtotacklethechallengeofpreventingecosystembreakdown.D.Howtoreduceenvironmentaldamagecausedbymixedagriculture.【答案】31.D32.B33.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。本文主要討論了關于環境保護和農業發展的兩種策略：“保留”和“共享”，并探討了如何在兩者之間找到平衡。【31題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第二段“Leadingtoday’sargumentforthesparersistheresearcherBeniaminPhalan,whobelievesthatbyproducingmorefoodperunitoffarmarea,morelandwouldbeavailableforwildlife.(如今，保留派的主要代表是研究人員BeniaminPhalan，他認為，通過提高單位農田面積的食物產量，可以為野生動物騰出更多的土地。)”可知，保留派可能會同意擴大自然生長森林的面積，為野生動物提供更多的棲息地。故選D。【32題詳析】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Infact,agriculturalintensificationwon’tdelivermorelandfornatureunlesstherearetoughrulestoprotectlandnotyetfarmed.Inthe19thcentury,moreefficientcoal-poweredenginesdidnotreducecoalburningbutmassivelyincreaseditbykick-startingtheindustrialrevolution.(事實上，農業集約化不會為自然提供更多的土地，除非有嚴格的規定來保護尚未耕種的土地。19世紀，更高效的煤動力發動機并沒有減少煤炭燃燒，反而通過引發工業革命而大規模增加了煤炭燃燒。)”可知，作者提到煤動力發動機是為了提醒我們集約化耕作可能帶來的風險，農業集約化在沒有嚴格規則保護未開發的土地的情況下可能導致更大面積土地被開發和利用，即可能會像工業革命時期一樣，導致對土地資源的過度開發和利用。故選B。【33題詳析】主旨大意題。根據第一段“Itisoneofthebiggestquestionsinenvironmentalprotection:Shouldwebesharingourlandscapeswithnaturebyrestoringsmallwoodlandsandadoptingsmall-sizeeco-friendlyfarming?Orshouldweinsteadbesparinglargeareasoflandfornature—bycreatingmorenationalparksandindustrializingagricultureonexistingfarmland?(這是環境保護中最大的問題之一：我們應該通過恢復小林地和采用小型環保農業來與自然共享我們的景觀嗎？或者，我們應該通過創建更多的國家公園和在現有農田上實現農業工業化，為自然保留大片土地嗎？)”以及全文內容可知，文章主要討論了如何平衡環境保護和農業的問題。故選B。第二節(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據短文內容，從短文后的五個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有一項為多余選項。Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesincommunicatingthevalueofresearchtothegeneralpublic.____34____Inordertocommunicatenewscientificdevelopmentseffectively,universitiesandresearchinstitutesnowtrytomakepressreleasesuser-friendly.Thesepressreleasesaretargeteddtothegeneralpublic,includinginformationaboutriskaswellasthelimitationsofaparticularsciencestudy.Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Sciencebloggersgenerallyfocusonareasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout._____35_____Anditisthisthatperhapsmostattractsmembersofthepublic.Ed’sPopularScience,forinstance,isfilleddwiththewriter’spassionanddown-to-earthattitudetowardsscience.Hischatty,youthfulstyleattractsawiderangeofreaders.____36____EarlypioneersincludeJacquesCousteau,whosebeautifullyfilmeddocumentariesopeneduptheoceanstomillions.ThisquicklyrealisedthepotentialofTVtomakesciencecomealiveforviewers.Othersciencedocumentaryfilms,suchastheBBCTVseriesWondersoftheSolarSystem,haveeagerlyfollowedsuit.____37____Forexample,scientistsareofferedvideoservicestocreateonlinepresentationsoftheirresearch.Nevertheless,despitethisprogress,communicationstillremainsoneofscience’sbiggestproblems.Somescientistsoftenunderestimatetheimportanceoftheabilitytounderstandandeffectivelyusevariousformsofmedia.____38____Perhapsitistimethatuniversitiesaddressedthisproblem,andthoughtaboutaddingcommunicationstrainingtothecurriculum.A.Televisionhasalsoboostedtheimageofscience.B.Thisbringsscienceintothefieldofpopularculture.C.Theyoftenwriteaboutscienceinanaccessible,livelymanner.D.ThepowerofvisualmediaviatheInternethasalsobeenused.E.Thereisatendencyamongscientiststowardsold-fashionedresearchapproach.F.Consequently,publicattentionandsupportfortheirresearchmaybemissedout.G.Scientificorganisationshavecomealongwayindevelopingwaystomakesciencemoreaccessibletonon-specialistgroups.【答案】34.G35.C36.A37.D38.F【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了科學家向公眾傳達研究的價值所采用的方法和取得的進步。【34題詳析】上文“Oneofthemajorproblemsforscientistsliesincommunicatingthevalueofresearchtothegeneralpublic.(科學家面臨的主要問題之一是向公眾傳達研究的價值。)”和下文“Inordertocommunicatenewscientificdevelopmentseffectively,universitiesandresearchinstitutesnowtrytomakepressreleasesuser-friendly.(為了有效地傳播新的科學發展，大學和研究機構現在試圖使新聞稿對用戶友好。)”說明科學家在向公眾（即非專業群體）傳達研究的價值方面已經取得了進步，選項“G.科學組織在發展使非專業群體更容易獲得科學的方法方面已經取得了長足的進步。”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G項。【35題詳析】上文“Thedevelopmentofblogshashelpedinbringingscienceclosertothepublic.Sciencebloggersgenerallyfocusonareasofsciencethattheyarebothpassionateandknowledgeableabout.(博客的發展有助于拉近科學與公眾的距離。科學博主通常關注他們既感興趣又有知識的科學領域。)”說明科學博主想辦法拉近科學與公眾的距離，選項“C.他們經常用通俗易懂、生動活潑的方式寫科學。”承接上文，說明他們的具體做法。故選C項。【36題詳析】下文“EarlypioneersincludeJacquesCousteau,whosebeautifullyfilmeddocumentariesopeneduptheoceanstomillions.ThisquicklyrealisedthepotentialofTVtomakesciencecomealiveforviewers.(早期的開拓者包括雅克·庫斯托，他拍攝的精美紀錄片為數百萬人打開了海洋的大門。這很快意識到電視的潛力，使科學為觀眾生動起來。)”說明電視使科學生動起來，選項“A.電視也提升了科學的形象。”引領下文，符合題意。故選A項。【37題詳析】下文“Forexample,scientistsareof