PAGEPAGE4SectionⅢGrammar—虛擬語氣（1）語法圖解虛擬語氣(1)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(\x(\a\al(虛擬語氣在非真實,條件句中的用法))\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(與現在事實相反,→與過去事實相反,與將來事實相反)),\x(\a\al(虛擬條件的三種,特別形式))\b\lc\\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(省略if的虛擬語氣,→錯綜時間條件句,含蓄虛擬條件句))))探究發覺①Ifyouwereheadofthegovernment,wouldyouallowcloning?②Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensowonderful.③Ifitweretorain/shouldrain/rained,thecropswouldbesaved.④HadIworkedhard,Iwouldhavesurelysucceeded.⑤Wereshemydaughter,Iwouldn'tallowhertostudyabroad.⑥ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldcallonher.⑦Iftheyhadstartedearlyyesterdaymorning,theywouldbeherenow.⑧Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek.⑨Butforyourhelp,wecouldn'thavesucceeded.⑩Shewasn'tfeelingwell.Otherwiseshewouldn'thaveleftthemeetingsoearly.[我的發覺](1)①②③句為if引導的非真實條件句的三種基本形式。(2)④⑤⑥句為省略if的虛擬條件句。(3)⑦⑧句中，主句與從句動作所發生的時間不一樣，稱之為錯綜時間條件句。(4)⑨⑩句中，假設的條件不用if條件從句表示，而是通過介詞短語but_for或副詞otherwise等表達出來，這類句子叫“含蓄條件句”。一、虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的用法狀況從句謂語動詞主句謂語動詞與現在事實相反一般過去時(be的過去式用were)would/should/could/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反過去完成時would/should/could/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實相反一般過去時(be的過去式用were)should＋動詞原形wereto＋動詞原形would/should/could/might＋動詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我哥哥在這兒，一切都沒問題了。(與現在事實相反)IfIhadenoughmoney,Iwouldtakethebeautifuldressformydaughter.假如我的錢夠的話，我就會為女兒買下這件美麗的衣服。(與現在事實相反)Ifyouhadgotupearlier,youwouldhavecaughtthetrain.假如你早點起床，你就會趕上火車了。(與過去事實相反)Ifitshouldrain/weretorain/rainedtomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthesportsmeeting.假如明天下雨的話，我們就得推遲運動會。(與將來事實相反)[即時演練1]用所給詞的適當形式填空①IfIhadenoughmoneynow,Iwould_buy(buy)acar.②Ifwehad_driven(drive)inturn,youwouldn'thavegotsotired.③Ifitwere_to_snow(snow)tomorrow,wewouldtakephotos.二、虛擬條件的三種特別形式1．省略if的虛擬語氣虛擬條件句中若含有were,had或should，可以把if省略，把were,had或should提到句首，構成部分倒裝。WereitSundaytomorrow,weshouldgototheGreatWall.要是明天是星期日，我們就能去長城了。ItmighthavesavedmesometroublehadIknowntheschedule.要是我知道支配可能會省去一些麻煩。Shoulditraintomorrow,theflightmightbeputoff.假如明天下雨，航班就有可能被推遲。[名師點津]若省略的條件句中的謂語動詞是否定形式，則不能用動詞的縮略形式。我們可以說“Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.”但不能說“Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.”。[即時演練2]句型轉換①Ifyouhadgonetotheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.→Had_you_gonetotheexhibition,youwouldhaveenjoyedit.②IfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.→Had_I_knownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavetelephonedyou.③Ifitshouldraintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.→Should_it_raintomorrow,theworkwouldbepostponedforsomedays.2．錯綜時間條件句在虛擬語氣中，條件從句中謂語可以和主句中的謂語發生時間不一樣，這時從句和主句要依據各自所發生的時間選用符合詳細時間的虛擬語氣形式。Ifithadnotbeenforhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.假如不是前幾天他的邀請，現在我不會在這里。(從句表示過去，主句表示現在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetohisbirthdaypartyyesterday.假如我是你，我昨天就去參與他的生日宴會了。(從句表示現在，主句表示過去)[即時演練3]用所給詞的適當形式填空①Ifyouhad_listened(listen)tomeyesterday,youwouldn'tbeinsuchtroublenow.②IfIwere(be)you,Iwouldhaveplantedsometreesroundthehouse.③Ifyouhad_stuck(stick)yourowndreambefore,yourlifewould_be(be)differenttoday.3．含蓄虛擬條件句有時假設的狀況不是以if條件從句表示，而是通過其他形式表現出來，這種從句被稱作含蓄虛擬條件句，其主要用法如下。(1)用butfor,without等介詞(短語)表示條件。Butfortherain,weshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.要不是下雨，我們會有一次開心的旅行。(2)用連詞otherwise,or等示意后文與前面的狀況相反，從而引出后文的虛擬語氣。Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewouldhavenowheretostaynow.真幸運，我們訂了一個房間，要不然，我們現在就會無處可住了。(3)虛擬條件通過but示意出來，but前面為虛擬語氣，后面為真實狀況。Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.我本該多幫幫你，但我太忙了。[即時演練4](1)選詞填空：otherwise,or①Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,_Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting.②Hemusthavebeenthere,orhenevercouldknowtheplacesowell.(2)一句多譯假如世界上沒有斗爭，人們會生活得更華蜜。①If_there_were_no_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.②Were_there_no_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.③Without_warintheworld,peoplewouldliveahappierlife.Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．(2024·北京高考改編)Ifthenewsafetysystemhad_been_put(put)touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.2．(2024·江蘇高考改編)Were(be)itnotforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.3．IfIwereyou,Iwouldn't_have_missed(miss)thefilmlastnight.4．Ifyousucceeded(succeed),everythingwouldbeallright.5．Ifshehadn't_been(not,be)ill,shemighthavecome.6．IfProfessorLishouldhavetimetomorrow,wecould_ask(ask)himsomequestions.7．Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwould_be(be)allrightnow.8．Iftheywere(be)here,theywouldhelpyou.9．Ifwehad_started(start)earlier,weshouldnot_have_missed(not,miss)thebusthismorning.10．Withoutwater,therewouldbenolifeontheearth.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Hadyoubeenthereatthattime,it_would_have_been_much_better.假如你當時在那里就好多了。2．If_you_had_spoken_clearly,_youwouldhavemadeyourselfunderstood.假如你說得清晰些，別人就會聽懂你了。3．But_for_these_interruptions,_themeetingwouldhavefinishedhalfanhourago.要不是這幾次中斷，會議半個小時前就開完了。4．Withouttheairtoholdsomeofthesun'sheat,theearthatnightwould_be_too_coldforustoliveon.假如沒有空氣保留一些陽光的熱量，夜間地球就會很寒冷，以至于我們不能居住。5．Ifyouhadn't_stayed_uplatelastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.假如你昨晚不熬夜，現在就不會這么瞌睡了。6．Ilostyouraddress;otherwise_I_would_have_visited_youlongbefore.我把你的地址弄丟了，不然我很久以前就探望你了。7．Whatwouldyoudoif_you_were_in_my_place?假如你處在我的位置上，你將怎么辦呢？8．IfI_were_to_go_to_the_moon_some_day,_Icouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyes.要是有一天我上了月球，就能親眼看看月亮表面是什么樣子了。Ⅲ.短文改錯Hi,Janice，It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeof