2024學年第一學期溫州環大羅山聯盟期中聯考高一年級英語學科試題考生須知：1.本卷共8頁，滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.答題前，在答題卷指定區域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應數字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效。4.考試結束后，只需上交答題紙。第I卷（選擇題，共95分）第一部分：聽力（共兩節，滿分30分）第一節（共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatismostimportantforhealthyhouseplantsaccordingtothewoman?A.Feedingthemcarefully.B.Wateringthemregularly.C.Puttingthemintherightplace.2.Whywasthewomanlateforwork?A.Becauseofroadworks.B.Becauseofasuddenflood.C.Becauseofabrokendowncar.3.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Createtheposter.B.Refusethejob.C.Turndownthemusic.4.Whatisthemandoingrightnow?A.Takingabath.B.Brushinghisteeth.C.Cleaningthebathroom.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’shobby.B.Thewoman’sdreamjob.C.Thespeakers’collegechoice.第二節（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatmadetheman’sfamilychangetheirpartyplan?A.Fewerguests.B.Thebadweather.C.Thehighercost.7.WherewillthemanprobablybeonSaturday?A.Athome.B.Atamovietheater.C.Atafootballstadium.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Howdidthemangetthenewsabouttheallwhitepanda?A.Fromanonlinevideo.B.FromaTVnewsreport.C.Fromphotosinthenewspaper.9.Howoldistheallwhitepandanow?A.Abouttwoyearsold.B.Aboutthreeyearsold.C.Aboutfiveyearsold.10.Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheallwhitepanda’sfuture?A.Excited.B.Worried.C.Hopeful.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’swrongwiththewoman’sroom?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’smessy.12.Howmuchdidtheman’sfriendspendonsilversheets?A.￡3.00.B.￡6.00.C.￡18.00.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?APlaceanorder.B.Closethewindow.C.Attendameeting.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.15.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttoseeadoctor?A.Heisfrightenedtoseeadoctor.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sseriousenough.C.Heconsidersthetreatmenttooexpensive.16.Howdoesthewomanchangetheman’smind?A.Bypayingforhistreatment.BBylendinghimamedicalbook.C.Bytellinghimpossibleproblems.17.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Brushhisteeth.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Makeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredoesthespeechprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice.B.Ataschool.C.Inahospital.19.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.Encouragepeopletowalkmore.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.What’swrongwiththewoman’sroom?A.It’shot.B.It’scold.C.It’smessy.12.Howmuchdidtheman’sfriendspendonsilversheets?A.￡3.00.B.￡6.00.C.￡18.00.13.Whatwillthewomandonext?A.Placeanorder.B.Closethewindow.C.Attendameeting.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates.B.Motherandson.C.Husbandandwife.15.Whydoesn’tthemanwanttoseeadoctor?A.Heisfrightenedtoseeadoctor.B.Hedoesn’tthinkit’sseriousenough.C.Heconsidersthetreatmenttooexpensive.16.Howdoesthewomanchangetheman’smind?A.Bypayingforhistreatment.B.Bylendinghimamedicalbook.C.Bytellinghimpossibleproblems.17.Whatisthemangoingtodo?A.Brushhisteeth.B.Takesomemedicine.C.Makeanappointment.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Wheredoesthespeechprobablytakeplace?A.Atanoffice.B.Ataschool.C.Inahospital.19.Whatisthespeakertryingtodo?A.Encouragepeopletowalkmore.B.Invitepeopletojoinawalkingclub.C.Callonpeopletotakepublictransport.20.Whatdoesthespeakerbelieveismostimportantforlifelongfitness?A.Reducingthestresslevel.B.Keepingatahealthybodyweight.C.Choosingafitnessactivitytokeepupwith.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節，滿分50分）第一節（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、Ｃ和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。AMachuPiechuHasNewRoutesfor2024Withnewtourroutesstartingfrom1June2024,travelersvisitingMachuPicchucanexpectamorepersonalizedexperience.MachuPiechuMountainrouteThisrouteoffersamixofadventureandbirds’eyeviews.Startingfromtheupperterrace(梯田)area,itallowsyoutoclimbMachuPicchumountain,oneofthehighestpointsinthearchaeological(考古學的)sitewhereyou’llbegreetedwithbreathtakinglandscapes.PuenteInkarouteIdealforthosewhopreferashorterwalk,thisrouteofferswideviewsfromtheupperterracebutdoesn’tincludethecityareaofMachuPicchu.ItwilltakeyoutotheIncaBridge,whereyoucanobservetheVilcanotaRiver.It’sashort,scenicwalkwithhistoricalsignificance,perfectforarelaxedmorning.ClassicIncaCityrouteThisistheclassicroutethatletsyousnapthaticonicphotofromtheupperterracewithgreatviewsandthenwalkthroughthecityareaofMachuPicchu.You’llpassbythemainsquareandreachtheSacredRock.WaynaPicchuMountainrouteThisrouteisfortheadventurousatheart.StartingfromthelowerpartofMachuPicchu,you’llvisittheTempleoftheSun,theFountainSectorandtheInca’shouse.ThehighlightisclimbingWaynaPicchu,whichinvolvessteep,narrowstairsandoffersopenviews.It’snotforthechickenheartedbutwortheverystep.YoucanbuyticketseitherinpersonattheCentroCulturalMachupicchuinAguasCalientesoronlinehereviatheofficialwebsiteoftheMinistryofCulture.1.Whichroutebestsuitsapersonwithastronginterestinhistory?A.MachuPicchuMountainroute. B.PuenteInkaroute.C.ClassicIncaCityroute. D.WaynaPicchuMountainroute.2.Whatdothesefourroutesshareinmon?A.Theyincludetheterraceareaaspartoftheroute.B.Theyofferexcitingadventureswithsteepclimbs.C.Theyprovidewideviewsofthebeautifullandscapes.D.TheyinvolvevisitingthecityareaofMachuPicchu.3.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Awebsite. B.Atravelbrochure. C.Anencyclopedia. D.Atravelnewspaper.【答案】1.B2.C3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文，介紹了2024年6月1日起，訪問馬丘比丘的新旅游路線，提供了四種不同的路線選擇，每種路線都有其獨特的體驗和景觀。【1題詳解】細節理解題。根據第二段PuenteInkaroute的描述“It’sashort,scenicwalkwithhistoricalsignificance,perfectforarelaxedmorning.(這是一條短而風景優美的步行道，具有歷史意義，非常適合悠閑的早晨。)”，這條路線具有歷史意義，將帶你前往印加橋，觀察維爾卡諾塔河，適合對歷史感興趣的人。因此，最適合對歷史有強烈興趣的人的路線是PuenteInkaroute。故選B項。【2題詳解】細節理解題。MachuPicchuMountainroute提供了鳥瞰視角的景觀(birds’eyeviews)，PuenteInkaroute提供了寬闊的景觀視野(offerswideviews)，ClassicIncaCityroute讓你從上層露臺拍攝標志性照片(snapthaticonicphotofromtheupperterracewithgreatviews)，WaynaPicchuMountainroute提供了開放視野(offersopenviews)。因此，它們共同提供的是寬闊的景觀視野。故選C項。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“YoucanbuyticketseitherinpersonattheCentroCulturalMachupicchuinAguasCalientesoronlinehereviatheofficialwebsiteoftheMinistryofCulture.(你可以在阿瓜斯卡連特斯的馬丘比丘文化中心親自購票，也可以通過文化部的官方網站在線購票。)”可知這篇文章有可能來自于一個網站。故選A項。BIn1983,thousandsofrunnersfromallovertheworldgatheredinAustraliatotakepartintheWestfieldSydneyMelbourneUltramarathon.Themarathonhadpetitorsrunningoveradistanceof875kilometers.Thefirstmantowinthisracewas61yearoldpotatofarmerCliffYoung.WhenCliffshowedupintherace,hestuckoutlikeasorethumb.Differentfromtheotherpetitors,Cliffwasdressedasifhehadjustreturnedfromthefield,whichattractedtheattentionofreporterspresent.“IgrewuponafarmwhereI’dhavetogooutandroundupthesheepwheneverthestormswouldrollin,”Clifftoldreporters.“Wehad2,000sheepon2,000acres.SometimesI’dhavetorunthosesheepfortwoorthreedays.Ittookalongtime,butI’dalwayscatchthem.So,IbelieveIcanrunthisrace.”Nooneactuallybelievedhim.Afterall,mostpetitorswereintheir20sandearly30s,withyearsofmarathonexperience.Onthefirstdayoftherace,Cliffwasleftfarbehindanddidn’tlookabletokeepup.Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!Whendawnbroke,theotherrunnerswereshockedtolearnthattheoldfarmerwasintheleadandthattheywouldhavetocatchupwithhim.Althoughhewasstillrunningataslowpace,thefactthathegimplydidn’tstoprunninghelpedhimkeeptheleadforthewholefiveandahalfdaysuntilhecrossedthefinishline.Whenhandeda$10,000checkasaprizeforwinningtherace,Cliffdecidedtokeepnoneofitforhimselfandinsteadgaveittotheotherfiverunners,whoeventuallymanagedtofinishtherace.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2mean?A.Seemednervous. B.Wasverynoticeable.C.Gotahandinjury. D.Feltquiteunfortable.5.Whatwasothers’feelingaboutCliff’sconfidenceinpletingtherace?A.Shock. B.Respect. C.Excitement. D.Disbelief.6.HowdidCliffYoungwintherace?A.Hesavedhisenergyatfirst. B.Hekeepsrunningwithoutsleep.C.Hedevelopedafastrunningrhythm. D.Hespedupinthelasttwodaysoftherace.7.WhichcanbestdescribeCliffYoung?A.Strongwilledandgenerous. B.petitiveandcaring.C.Experiencedandoutgoing. D.Positiveandhumorous.【答案】4.B5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇報道。文章主要報道了一位種土豆的農民如何在競爭激烈的馬拉松比賽中脫穎而出，并展示了他如何通過跑步為無家可歸者籌集資金的無私行為。【4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據劃線單詞下一句“Differentfromtheotherpetitors,Cliffwasdressedasifhehadjustreturnedfromthefield,whichattractedtheattentionofreporterspresent.(與其他選手不同的是，克里夫的穿著就像剛從賽場上回來一樣，這引起了在場記者的注意。)”可推測，克利夫在比賽中出現時，非常搶眼，引人注目。故選B。【5題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第三段的“SometimesI’dhavetorunthosesheepfortwoorthreedays.Ittookalongtime,butI’dalwayscatchthem.So,IbelieveIcanrunthisrace.”Nooneactuallybelievedhim.(有時我得趕兩三天的羊。花很長時間，但我總能抓到它們。所以，我相信我能跑完這場比賽。”實際上沒有人相信他。)”可知，當Cliff深信自己可以跑完比賽時，人們不相信他。故選D。【6題詳解】細節理解題。根據文章第四段“Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!(但他有一個沒人能想象到的優勢——所有其他選手都是每天訓練18個小時，然后休息6個小時，但這位61歲的老人直到到達終點線才打算停下來！)”可知，CliffYoung在比賽中不眠不休地跑，直到到達終點線。故選B。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據文章第四段“Onthefirstdayoftherace,Cliffwasleftfarbehindanddidn’tlookabletokeepup.Buthehadoneadvantagethatnoonecouldhaveimaginedalltheotherrunnershadbeentrainingtorunfor18hoursadayandthenrestfortheothersix,butthe61yearolddidn’tplanonstoppinguntilhereachedthefinishline!(在比賽的第一天，克里夫遠遠落在后面，看起來無法跟上。但他有一個沒人能想象到的優勢——所有其他選手都是每天訓練18個小時，然后休息6個小時，但這位61歲的老人直到到達終點線才打算停下來！)”可知，Cliff是個有決心的人；根據文章第五段“Althoughhewasstillrunningataslowpace,thefactthathegimplydidn’tstoprunninghelpedhimkeeptheleadforthewholefiveandahalfdaysuntilhecrossedthefinishline.Whenhandeda$10,000checkasaprizeforwinningtherace,Cliffdecidedtokeepnoneofitforhimselfandinsteadgaveittotheotherfiverunners,whoeventuallymanagedtofinishtherace.(雖然他仍然以緩慢的速度奔跑，但他根本沒有停止奔跑的事實幫助他在整個五天半的時間里保持領先，直到他越過終點線。當獲得1萬美元的支票作為贏得比賽的獎勵時，克里夫決定不把它留給自己，而是把它給了其他五名選手，他們最終完成了比賽。)”可知，他意志堅強且非常有愛心，是個善良的人。故選A。COnce,whenIwasteachinginKorea,somestudentscametoclasstiredbecausetheyhadstayedupallnightstudyingfortheirbiologyexam.“Honestly,I’dpreferifyouhadsleptalldaylongdoingnothingatall,”Itoldthem.“Becauseyouguysdon’tknowthefirstthingaboutbiology—allanimalsneedsomeformofsleeporrest.”Forthousandsofyears,traditionaleducationhasfocusedoncramming(填塞)students’headswithfactsandnumbersinthehopesthattheywillonedaybeabletoapplyatleastsomeofthesetheoriesandprinciplesinreallife.Now,however,thefocusofmoderneducationhasgreatlychanged.Thereisagrowingtendencytowardsthephilosophyoflearningbydoing.Forthisreason,theideaofthe“gapyear”hasgainedwidespreadpopularityamongstudentsinWesterncountries.Aftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.Icouldn’tagreemorewiththisidea.WhilemoststudentsinChinacan’taffordtheluxuryoftakingabreakfromstudiesandobservingtheworld,youcanstilltakea“gapday”onceaweektoconsciouslyrelaxandclearyourmind.Youcanhangoutwithfriends,gotoazoooranaturalhistorymuseumandask“Whyarethegreenfrogsgreenandthebluefrogsblue,andwhichonesarepoisonous?”Youcanalsotakearideonabullettrainandlookoutatthepassinglandscape.Whenanothertrainsuddenlythunderspostyouintheoppositedirection,youmaywonder“Whyisitgoingsofast?”Ifyoucananswerallofthese“stupid”questions,youwillhaveunderstoodthegeneralfundamentalsofCharlesDarwin’stheoryofevolutionandAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.Thenatureoftheworldisnotunlikeatrain.Withalloftheabstracttheoriesandprincipleswehavelearnedinschool,itisalsoatrainwewouldn’twanttomiss.8.WhydoestheauthormentionhisexperienceinParagraph1?A.Tostateanopinion. B.Toexplainafact.C.Toshowaconclusion. D.Tointroducethetopic9.Whatisthefocusofmoderneducation?A.Thevarietyofactivities. B.Theamountofknowledge.C.Theideaofpracticallearning. D.Therepetitionoflearnedknowledge.10.WhichisNOTadvisedtododuringa“gapday/year”?A.Takeajourney. B.Dovoluntarywork.C.Visitalocalmuseum. D.Continueacademicwork.11.WhatdoesitmeantotrulyunderstandCharlesDarwin’sandAlbertEinstein’stheories?A.Beingabletoapplythetheoriesinlife.B.Beingabletoanswerthesillyquestions.C.Beingabletoaskquestionsindailylife.D.Beingabletorecitethetheoriesandprinciples.【答案】8.D9.C10.D11.A【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章通過作者在韓國教學的經歷，強調了休息對學習的重要性，并批評了傳統教育中填鴨式的教學方法。文章提倡現代教育應更注重實踐和體驗，提到了西方流行的“間隔年”概念。作者建議中國學生可以采取“間隔日”方式，通過實踐活動來放松和拓展視野，從而更深刻地理解理論知識。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段內容“Once,whenIwasteachinginKorea,somestudentscametoclasstiredbecausetheyhadstayedupallnightstudyingfortheirbiologyexam.“Honestly,I’dpreferifyouhadsleptalldaylongdoingnothingatall,”Itoldthem.“Becauseyouguysdon’tknowthefirstthingaboutbiology—allanimalsneedsomeformofsleeporrest.”(有一次，當我在韓國教書的時候，一些學生因為熬夜準備生物考試而疲憊地來到教室。“老實說，我寧愿你們整天睡個覺什么也不做，”我告訴他們。“因為你們這些家伙根本不懂生物學——所有動物都需要某種形式的睡眠或休息。”)”和第二段“Forthousandsofyears,traditionaleducationhasfocusedoncramming(填塞)students’headswithfactsandnumbersinthehopesthattheywillonedaybeabletoapplyatleastsomeofthesetheoriesandprinciplesinreallife.(幾千年來，傳統教育的重點是向學生灌輸事實和數字，希望他們有一天能夠將其中的一些理論和原則應用到現實生活中。)”可推斷，作者分享了一個個人軼事，為討論休息的重要性以及不僅僅是填鴨式學習，而是理解和應用知識的重要性做鋪墊，引入了對現代教育重點的討論，即實踐學習。故選D。【9題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段的“Now,however,thefocusofmoderneducationhasgreatlychanged.Thereisagrowingtendencytowardsthephilosophyoflearningbydoing.(然而，現在，現代教育的重點已經發生了很大的變化。從實踐中學習的哲學越來越受歡迎。)”和“ftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.(從高中大學畢業后，這些年輕人在重新開始學習之前會花一年的時間參加各種各樣的活動，比如志愿者工作，以獲得實踐經驗并擴大他們的世界觀。)”可知，現代教育正在向“通過實踐學習”的哲學轉變，這種哲學強調實踐經驗和知識的應用，而不是機械記憶。故選C。【10題詳解】細節理解題。根據第三段的“Aftergraduatingfromhighschooluniversity,theseyoungpeopletakeayearofftotakepartinavarietyofactivities,suchasvolunteerwork,togainpracticalexperienceandtoexpandtheirworldviewbeforerestartingtheirstudies.(從高中大學畢業后，這些年輕人在重新開始學習之前會花一年的時間參加各種各樣的活動，比如志愿者工作，以獲得實踐經驗并擴大他們的世界觀。)”可知，文章建議從學術工作中休息，參與實踐活動和體驗，不包括繼續學術工作。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段內容“…Youcanalsotakearideonabullettrainandlookoutatthepassinglandscape.Whenanothertrainsuddenlythunderspostyouintheoppositedirection,youmaywonder“Whyisitgoingsofast?”Ifyoucananswerallofthese“stupid”questions,youwillhaveunderstoodthegeneralfundamentalsofCharlesDarwin’stheoryofevolutionandAlbertEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.(……你也可以乘坐子彈頭列車，眺望過往的風景。當另一列火車突然從相反的方向轟鳴而過時，你可能會想：“為什么它開得這么快？”如果你能回答所有這些“愚蠢”的問題，你就已經理解了查爾斯·達爾文的進化論和阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦的相對論的基本原理。)”和最后一段“Thenatureoftheworldisnotunlikeatrain.Withalloftheabstracttheoriesandprincipleswehavelearnedinschool,itisalsoatrainwewouldn’twanttomiss.(世界的本質就像一列火車。我們在學校里學過所有抽象的理論和原理，這也是我們不想錯過的火車。)”可推斷，真正理解這些理論是通過能夠看到它們在日常生活中的相關性和應用來展示的，而不僅僅是能夠背誦它們。提到的“愚蠢”問題是一個隱喻，指的是這些復雜理論在現實世界中的實際應用。故選A。DWerecognizejusticebeforewecantalk,reportsaresearchteaminNatureHumanBehaviour.TheKyotobasedstudyfindsthathumaninfants(嬰兒)recognizeheroicactsfromearlystagesofdevelopment,suggestingthatwearebornwithasenseofjustice—andlikewise,admirationforheroes.Thescientistsseethisastheexplanationforwhykidsandadultsalikehaveaneverendingloveforsuperherostoriesinpopularculture.Theteam,ledbyMasakoMyowaofKyotoUniversity,showedthatinfantsasyoungassixmonthsinagefindthemselvesdrawntofigureswhoprotecttheweak.“Inhumansociety,selflesslyprotectingthepowerlessisconsideredtobeanactofheroicjustice.Butunderstandingthisisnoteasy,”explainsfirstauthorYasuhiroKanakogi.“Youfirsthavetorealizethepowerrelationshipbetweentheactors,andthenthatthehero’sactionsaresupportiveofthevictim(受害者).Andfinally,youhavetounderstandthattheheroactedintentionally.”Inaseriesofexperiments,infantswereshowncartoonsofonecharacterrunningafterandbumpingintoanother,asathirdcharacterwatchesfromadistance.Inoneversion,thisthirdpartycharacterintervenes(干預),andinanother,itrunsawayinanotherdirection.Whentheinfantswerethenshownreallifeversionsoftheseinterveningandnoninterveningcharacters,theyweremorelikelytochoosetheintervener.Asinfantsgrow,theydevelopamoreplexunderstandingaboutjustice.Theresearchteam’snextstepistotrackthepathofthisdevelopment.“Inthisstudy,sixmontholdsdidn’tshowapreferenceforintentionalhelpoveraccidentalhelp,whiletenmontholdsdid,”saysProfessorMyowa.Inseekingtounderstandhowamoreplexsenseofjusticeisdevelopedovertime,theteamfinallysees“apossibilityofleadingtosolutionsforserioussocialproblemssuchasbullying.”12.WhatdoesunderstandingheroicjusticerequireaccordingtoYasuhiroKanakogi?A.Noticingtheactors’poweronly.B.Agreeingtheheroisalwaysthestrongest.C.Believingthatthehero’sactionsareaccidental.D.Understandinghero’sintentiontosupportthevictim.13.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheinfantsfromtheseexperiments?A.Theypreferredaccidentalhelpoverintentionalone.B.Theytendedtochoosethosewhointervenedtohelp.C.Theyweredrawntofigureouthowtoprotecttheweak.D.Theycouldtellthedifferencebetweenintentionalandaccidentalactions.14.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Thefutureresearchfocus. B.Theongoingresearchbackground.C.Theprobableresearchlimitation. D.Thepracticalresearchapplication.15.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthisarticle?A.TheEvolutionofJustice:ALifelongJourney.B.APossibleSolution:InspirationsfromHeroes.C.AnInbornAbility:TheLoveforSuperheroes.D.ThePowerofProtection:InfantsandHeroism.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了京都大學研究發現嬰兒天生具有識別正義行為的能力。【12題詳解】細節理解題。由文章第二段中“Youfirsthavetorealizethepowerrelationshipbetweentheactors,andthenthatthehero’sactionsaresupportiveofthevictim(受害者).Andfinally,youhavetounderstandthattheheroactedintentionally.(首先，你必須意識到行動者之間的權力關系，然后認識到英雄的行為是對受害者的支持。最后，你必須理解英雄的行為是出于故意。)”可知，理解英勇正義需要理解英雄支持受害者的意圖。故選D。【13題詳解】細節理解題。由文章第三段中“Whentheinfantswerethenshownreallifeversionsoftheseinterveningandnoninterveningcharacters,theyweremorelikelytochoosetheintervener.(當嬰兒隨后被展示這些干預和未干預角色的真實生活版本時，他們更傾向于選擇干預者。)”可知，他們傾向于選擇那些介入幫助的人。故選B。【14題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章最后一段“Asinfantsgrow,theydevelopamoreplexunderstandingaboutjustice.Theresearchteam’snextstepistotrackthepathofthisdevelopment.“Inthisstudy,sixmontholdsdidn’tshowapreferenceforintentionalhelpoveraccidentalhelp,whiletenmontholdsdid,”saysProfessorMyowa.Inseekingtounderstandhowamoreplexsenseofjusticeisdevelopedovertime,theteamfinallysees“apossibilityofleadingtosolutionsforserioussocialproblemssuchasbullying.”(隨著嬰兒的成長，他們對正義有了更加復雜的理解。研究團隊下一步將追蹤這一發展路徑。“在這項研究中，六個月大的嬰兒沒有表現出對有意幫助和偶然幫助的偏好差異，而十個月大的嬰兒則表現出了這種偏好，”Myowa教授說。為了理解隨著時間推移更復雜的正義感是如何發展的，研究團隊最終看到了“解決欺凌等嚴重社會問題的可能性”。)”可知，這一段主要講述的是未來的研究重點。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“Werecognizejusticebeforewecantalk,reportsaresearchteaminNatureHumanBehaviour.TheKyotobasedstudyfindsthathumaninfants(嬰兒)recognizeheroicactsfromearlystagesofdevelopment,suggestingthatwearebornwithasenseofjustice—andlikewise,admirationforheroes.(一個研究小組在《自然人類行為》雜志上報道說，我們在會說話之前就認識到了正義。這項基于京都的研究發現，人類嬰兒在發育的早期階段就認識到英雄行為，這表明我們生來就有正義感——同樣，對英雄的欽佩。)”可知，文章主要講述了嬰兒天生就具有對英勇正義的理解和對英雄的欽佩，并且隨著他們的成長，他們對正義的理解變得更加復雜。因此，文章的最佳標題應該與嬰兒對英勇正義的理解和對英雄的愛有關。選項C“AnInbornAbility:TheLoveforSuperheroes(天生的能力：對超級英雄的愛)”最能概括文章的主旨，即嬰兒天生具有對超級英雄的愛，這體現了他們對英勇正義的理解和欽佩。故選C。第二節（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據短文內容，從短文中的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtotravellikealocalBynowtheconceptof“travelinglikealocal”isquitepopular.Whatexactlydoesitmeanandhowdoesonedoit?___16___We’llputforthoursubjectivedefinitiontravelinglikealocalmeansactingonarealdesiretosharethelivedexperiencesofthepeopleoftheplaceyou’revisiting.___17___Forexample,inmostplaces83yearoldgrandmasand13yearoldgirlsareprobablylivingverydifferentlives.Nowlet’sputitintopractice.Usuallywhenitestofood,hereisaninterestingquestion.Wouldyourathereat“themostItalian”pizzaoreatpizzawheremostItalianseat?Oursuggestion?___18___Hopefullytheydon’tgiveMcDonaldsasananswer.Although...itisactuallykindoffuntoseenowmenuscanvaryacrossMcDonaldsindifferentcountries.Asfortransportation,it’seasyenoughtograbatouristtransportationservicetogetfrompointAtoBonyourtravels.Whileitwilllikelybeslower,trygettingfromAtoBlikethepeoplelivingtherewould.___19___Ourfinaladvicecentersaroundtime,whichmeansspendingmoretimeinoneplace.Toooften,travelcanleavelittletimeforyoutosharethelivedexperiencesofthelocals.Butbybuildinginlongerstays,you’llfindmorechancestoconnectwiththelocalsaroundyou.Youcanstaylongeratacafeandstrikeupaconversationwiththelocalnexttoyou.___20___Besidesthat,extendedtravelinfewerlocationsisawholelotbetterfortheplanet.A.Choosewhicheveryoulike.B.Askthelocalswheretheyeat.C.Inthispostwe’retryingtoanswerthesequestions.D.Obviously“livedexperience”couldvaryquitewidelyamongdifferentpeople.E.Thismightmeanasubway,train,minibus,oranycreativealternativestowalking.F.Youcanalsotakeyourtimetorecordthesightaswellasthelocalculturewithacamera.G.Youmayalsoaskthelocalbakersonyourvisittotheirshopabouthowtheymaketheirgoodies.【答案】16.C17.D18.B19.E20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇關于如何像當地人一樣旅行的指南。文章解釋了“像當地人一樣旅行”的概念，并提供了一些實用的建議，幫助旅行者更深入地體驗目的地的文化和生活方式。【16題詳解】標題中提到了“travelinglikealocal(想當地人一樣旅行)”這個概念的流行，緊接著提出了問題“Whatexactlydoesitmeanandhowdoesonedoit?(這到底意味著什么，以及如何做到)”。C項“Inthispostwe’retryingtoanswerthesequestions.(在這篇文章中，我們試圖回答這些問題。)”緊隨其后，表明文章的目的是回答這些問題，符合題意，故選C項。【17題詳解】上文提出“We’llputforthoursubjectivedefinition—travelinglikealocalmeansactingonarealdesiretosharethelivedexperiencesofthepeopleoftheplaceyou’revisiting.(我們將提出我們的主觀定義——像當地人一樣旅行意味著真正渴望分享你所訪問之地人民的生活體驗。)”，這里提到了生活體驗，D項“Obviously“livedexperience”couldvaryquitewidelyamongdifferentpeople.(顯然，“生活體驗”在不同人之間可能會有很大的差異。)”與上文相呼應，強調了“生活體驗”在不同人之間的差異性，符合題意，故選D項。【18題詳解】上文提出了一個關于食物的有趣問題“Wouldyourathereat“themostItalian”pizzaoreatpizzawheremostItalianseat?Oursuggestion?(你更愿意吃“最意大利式”的披薩，還是大多數意大利人吃的披薩？我們的建議是？)”，B項“Askthelocalswheretheyeat.(問問當地人他們在哪里吃飯。)”提供了一個實際的建議，即詢問當地人他們在哪里吃，符合題意，故選B項。【19題詳解】上文討論了交通方式“Asfortransportation,it’seasyenoughtograbatouristtransportationservicetogetfrompointAtoBonyourtravels.(至于交通，旅行時很容易就能搭上旅游交通服務從A點到B點。)”，E項“Thismightmeanasubway,train,minibus,oranycreativealternativestowalking.(這可能意味著乘坐地鐵、火車、小巴，或者任何有創意的步行替代方案。)”提供了具體的交通方式選擇，符合題意，故選E項。20題詳解】上文“Butbybuildinginlongerstays,you’llfindmorechancestoconnectwiththelocalsaroundyou.Youcanstaylongeratacafeandstrikeupaconversationwiththelocalnexttoyou.(但如果你住得更久，你會有更多的機會與周圍的當地人建立聯系。你可以在咖啡館多待一會兒，和旁邊的當地人攀談。)”可知下文舉例子和周圍人聯系相關的。G項“Youmayalsoaskthelocalbakersonyourvisittotheirshopabouthowtheymaketheirgoodies.(當你去當地的面包店時，你也可以詢問他們是如何制作美食的。)”和上文敘述一致，符合題意，故選G項。第三部分完形填空（共15小題：每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Afterlandingajob,Idecidedtotakethegymseriously.Togetherwithafriend,I___21___aroutineofwalkingonthetreadmill(跑步機).Iwas___22___withourroutineinthegym.Myfriend,however,alwaystheadventurousone,becameboredafterawhile.Oneday,hesuggestedthatwe___23___anoutdoorsport.Beingaclumsyandinactiveperson,I___24___hisidea.Butseveralweekslater,hemanagedtogetmetostepontoanoutdoorracquetball(美式墻網球)court.Myfirsttimeonthecourtwasaseriesof___25___.Theballseemedtohaveamindofitsown,zippingpastme,overme,andsometimesevenhittingme.WhenIhittheball,IsentitflyingineverydirectionexceptthedirectionthatIhad___26___.Still,somehow,Itriedhardtolearnitandbecame___27___afterlotsofpractice.Afewweekslater,hewasatitagain.“We’restuckinarut.Let’strytennis,”hesaid.“Tennis?Noway!That___28___realskills!”Ifirmlystoodmyground___29___hislatestsuggestion.Nevertheless,thereIwas,ona____30____tenniscourtwithafacefullofsweat,holdingmyracketnervously.____31____,afterseveralmonthsofpainfu