課時作業14Astronomy：thescienceofthestarsⅠ.閱讀理解InLosAngeles,driversspendsixty-onehourseveryyearstuckintraffic.Thesedriversknowalltoowellhowbadthetrafficcanbe.“There'retoomanycars,andyoucan'tmovearoundalot.”ProfessorCyrusShahabialsoknowsabouttrafficjams.Helivesmorethan65kilometersfromhisofficeattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,inLosAngeles.Heisalwayslateevenwiththehelpofanavigation(導航)system.HedecidedtodevelopaprogramcalledClearPathforthat.Hesayshisprogramuseshistoricaldatatopredicttrafficconditionsevenbeforethedriverleavesthehouse.“What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrentlybecomeavailableincludingtrafficdata,weatherdata,andweanalyzethatsothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.”ProfessorShahabisayshissystemdoesmorethanjustrespondtocurrenttrafficconditions.WithClearPath,hesays,adrivercandecidewhattimehewantstoleave,andClearPathwillgivethefastestroute.Itlooksattheentireroadnetwork,includingsurfacestreetsaswellashighways,beforethedriverhitstheroad.ProfessorShahabihopestohaveClearPathavailablenationwideandoverseasoncetheycancollecttrafficdatafromothercities.“IalwaysthoughtthatLosAngeleshadtheworsttraffic,butnowIknowthatShanghai,Beijing,Seoul,Tokyo,believeitornot,Singapore,HongKongcertainlyareexamplesthatcanimmediatelyusethis.”ProfessorShahabihopestosharethisnewtechnologywithcompaniesthatalreadyhavenavigationsystems,suchasGoogleandApple.1．DriversinLosAngeleswerementionedinorderto______.A．showcareforthem B．introducetheirlifeC．solvetrafficproblems D．raisethetopic2．WhatisuniqueaboutClearPath?A．Itcanusealotofinformationallovertheworld.B．Itcanensurethatyouwillneverbelateforwork.C．Ithelpsdriversseeclearlywhathappensontheroad.D．Ithelpsdriversknowtheroadconditionsaheadoftime.3．Theunderlinedword“hits”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans________.A．haveanaccident B．gettoC．turnleftorright D．collecttrafficdata4．What'sProfessorShahabi'sattitudetowardhisinvention?A．Disappointed. B．Proud.C．Optimistic. D．Worried.答案與解析1．D寫作意圖題。通過舉例來引起下文，提出主題。2．D細節理解題。由第三段中What'suniqueisthatweusealotofdatathat'scurrently...sothatwecanpredictwhat'sgoingtohappeninfrontofyouwhenyouleavehome.可知。3．B詞義猜想題。由本段上一句可知，在司機動身之前，這個系統會對路況進行分析。4．C觀點態度題。由文章最終一段可知，ProfessorShahabi期望自己的制造能夠得到進一步推廣，對前景很樂觀。Ⅱ.完形填空DaleCarnegierosefromtheunknownofaMissourifarmtointernationalfamebecausehefoundawaytofillauniversalhumanneed.Itwasaneedthathefirst__1__backin1906whenyoungDalewasajunioratStateTeachersCollegeinWarrensburg.Togetan__2__，hewasstrugglingagainstmanydifficulties.Hisfamilywaspoor.HisDadcouldn'taffordthe__3__atcollege,soDalehadtoridehorseback12milestoattendclasses.Studyhadtobedone__4__hisfarmworkroutines.Hewithdrewfrommanyschoolactivities__5__hedidn'thavethetimeorthe__6__.Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.Hetried__7__thefootballteam,butthecoachturnedhimdownforbeingtoo__8__.DuringthisperiodDalewasslowly__9__aninferioritycomplex(自卑感),whichhismotherknewcould__10__himfromachievinghisrealpotential.She__11__thatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthat__12__inspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.Daletookhismother'sadvice,trieddesperatelyandafterseveralattempts__13__madeit.Thisprovedtobea__14__pointinhislife.Speakingbeforegroupsdidhelphimgainthe__15__heneeded.BythetimeDalewasasenior,hehadwoneverytophonorin__16__.Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,__17__，werewinningcontests.Outofthisearlystruggleto__18__hisfeelingsofinferiority,Dalecametounderstandthattheabilityto__19__anideatoanaudiencebuildsaperson'sconfidence.And,__20__it,Daleknewhecoulddoanythinghewantedtodo—andsocouldothers.1．A.admitted B．filledC．supplied D．recognized2．A.assignment B．educationC．advantage D．instruction3．A.training B．boardC．teaching D．equipment4．A.between B．duringC．over D．through5．A.while B．whenC．because D．though6．A.permits B．interestC．talent D．clothes7．A.on B．forC．in D．with8．A.light B．flexibleC．optimistic D．outgoing9．A.gaining B．achievingC．developing D．obtaining10．A.prevent B．protectC．save D．free11．A.suggested B．demandedC．required D．insisted12．A.presence B．practiceC．patience D．potential13．A.hopefully B．certainlyC．finally D．naturally14．A.key B．breakingC．basic D．turning15．A.progress B．experienceC．competence D．confidence16．A.horseriding B．footballC．speech D．farming17．A.inreturn B．inbriefC．inturn D．infact18．A.convey B．overcomeC．understand D．build19．A.express B．stressC．contribute D．repeat20．A.besides B．beyondC．like D．with答案與解析本文為記敘文，主要介紹美國出名的人際關系學大師戴爾·卡耐基是如何通過演講克服自卑走向成功的故事。1．D此處表示這是在1906年他第一次生疏到的一種需要。故用recognize“認出；生疏到；了解”。2．B依據下文提到的他的高校經受可知，此處表示他想接受訓練。故用education。3．B他家庭很窮，他父親付不起食宿費，因此他要騎馬來回學校。training“訓練”；board“食宿”；teaching“教學”；equipment“設備”，依據句意可知B項正確。4．A他不但要在農場工作，也要去上學。between“在……之間”符合語境。5．C他放棄很多學校活動，由于他沒有時間或合適的服裝。此處表示緣由，故用because。6．D依據下文的“Hehadonlyonegoodsuit.”可知，此處表示沒有參與這些活動的服裝。7．B此處表示他為了進足球隊努力過，但被教練拒絕。for表示目的。8．A只有light“輕”才能符合教練拒絕的理由。此處表示他身材矮小，體重輕。flexible“機敏的”；optimistic“樂觀的”；outgoing“外向的”。9．C在這段時間里他漸漸地產生了自卑感。gain“獲得”；achieve“完成，實現”；develop“進展，培育，形成”；obtain“獲得”。此處表示漸漸培育的一種過程，故用develop。10．A他母親知道這會阻擋他發揮他的潛能。prevent...fromdoing“阻擋……做某事”。11．A依據下文第三段開頭“Daletookhismother'sadvice.”可知，此處表示他母親對他的提議。故只有suggest合適。12．B母親認為讓他參與辯論小組，通過演講可以讓他獲得信念。presence“在場”；practice“練習”；patience“急躁”；potential“潛能”。故B項正確。13．C他聽從母親的建議，發奮努力，經過幾次嘗試最終獲得成功。finally“最終；最終”符合句意。14．D這次成功對他來說是一個轉折點。aturningpoint“一個轉折點”符合語境，表示他由自卑轉為自信。15．D依據上下文可知他通過演講最終獲得他所需要的信念。progress“進步”；experience“閱歷，經受”；competence“力氣”；confidence“信念”。D項符合語境。16．C依據上文提到的speaking可知，他在演講方面獲得每一個最高榮譽。故用speech。17．C他開頭指導同學演講，而他們也反過來贏得了多場競賽。inreturn“作為回報”；inbrief“簡言之”；inturn“反過來；依次”；infact“事實上”。依據句意可知C項正確。18．B依據句意可知，此處表示他努力克服自卑。convey“傳達”；overcome“克服”；undertake“擔當，從事”；build“建立”。依據句意可知B項正確。19．A此處表示通過演講來表達自己的想法，故要用express“表達”。20．D通過這段經受，他開頭明白對觀眾表達思想的這種力氣能讓人樹立自信。他也明白，只要有了自信，他就能做成任何自己想做的事情；別人也是如此。with表示“具有，帶有”；空格后的it指代前面提到的confidence。Ⅲ.語法填空Susan：I'msogladtoseeyou,David.__1__hasbeensuchalongtime.Howareyou?David：I'mfine,andyou?Susan：I'mjustwonderful.God,timegoesbysoquickly!AreyougoingtotheairqualityconferenceinChicago?David：Iam.AndI'mreallygladtoseeyou.Itwasnotuntillastnight__2__Ifoundyournameintheconferencematerials,butitdidn'tcometomymindthatwewouldmeetontheplane.Susan：I'mafraidIhaven'thadtimetolookat__3__conferencematerialsverycarefully.Ihadnoideayouwerecoming,butIamcertainlygladtoseeyou.Iwasfeelingverynervousaboutgoingthere__4__friends.David：Icanimagine.MyEnglishhasgottennotsofluentsinceIreturnedfromtheStates,__5__I'mrathernervousmyself.ButIsawthatyouwouldgivethemostimportanttalkattheconference.Susan：__6__(frank)speaking,I'mscaredto__7__(die)aboutit.David：I'mjustgivingatalkinoneoftheworkshopsections,andIhopeIwon'tmakeallofyou__8__(disappoint)．Susan：ButyourEnglishismuch__9__(good)thanmine.David：Butyou'renowtheDirectoroftheAirQualityInstitute,soyou__10__knowthetechnicalterms.Susan：Maybe.ButIstillcan'tunderstandtotallyalotoftechnicaltermsinmyfield.答案與解析1．Itit代替時間。2．thatItwasnotuntil...that...強調句型。3．the該空表特指，故用定冠詞the。4．withoutwithoutfriends沒有伴侶。5．so/thus/therefore該空表“因此”，故用so/thus/therefore。6．Franklyfranklyspeaking說實話。7．deathbescaredtodeath嚇死。8．disappointed形容詞作賓語補足語。9．bettermuch后跟形容詞的比較級。10．mustmust表示確定推想，表示“確定”。Ⅳ.短文改錯(2021·浙江省樂清市月考)Mymotherisateacherworkinakeyhighschool.Sheistoobusythatsheoftenhastogetupearlyandstayuplate.Inadditiontothis,shehardlyhasanytimestotakeexercise.Shehasbeenonpoorhealthforsometime.MyfatherandIareworriedthatshemayfallillifsheworkstoohard.ThesedaysI'mthinkingwhytodevelopmymother'sinterestinplayingsports.ConsideredthattodayisMother'sDay,Idecidedbuyapairofjoggingshoesforher.Isecretputthemonthedeskinherstudy.Whenmymotherenteredintoherstudythisevening,shelookedsurprised,bu