閱讀理解

技巧點撥

閱讀理解題型通常可以分為四種：細節理解、詞義（組）豬測、推理判斷、主旨（段落）大意及標題

歸納，下面讓我們一起來看看這幾類題型。

一、細節理解題

1.細節理解題占閱讀理解的比例很大，閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點：

（1）閱讀時，必須以原文提供的事實、細節和邏輯關系為依據，切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作

者的觀點、看法混為一談。

（2）文章中的數字、日期、時間都是設題的重點，此類題目很少是文章中表層出現的數字或日期，通

常需要做簡單的計算。

2.解題方法：

（1）跳讀查找法：這個方法的要點在于先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how

提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號，能加強閱讀的針對性，提高做

題的準確率，節省寶貴的時間。

（2）排除法：排序題也屬于細節理解題的一種題型，它通常出現在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息

詞，如first,tobeginwith,afterthat,afterwards,later,next,second,third,then,finally按照信息詞的提示閱讀，可

以加快理解的進程。在做細節排序題時，首先要確定首或尾的答案，通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序

類似，正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇。我們只需找到兩者的不同之處，回到原文，進行核對，一旦確

定，后面的排序就不用再比較了。

（3）簡單計算法：數字計算題也是細節理解題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數據進行簡單的加減乘除

運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數據。解答這類題目時，首先要弄清題干的要求是什么，然后找到與它相

關的數字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最后計算出正確答案。

二、推理判斷題

1.題型特點：這種題型要求考生盡量考慮文章中全部信息和事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照

作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。

2.解題思路：推理和判斷兩者密不可分。推理是為了判斷，判斷依賴于推理。推理判斷題要求根據原文，

經過推理，進行判斷，從而得出結論，所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理中考總復

習x時務必要忠實于原文，在文章中尋找可推論的依據，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。

3.正確選項的特點：

（1）正確答案一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；

（2）正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對，而會用一些相對能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,

sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；

（3）正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反，要特別注意。

4.干擾選項的特點：

（1）只是原文的簡單復述，而非推斷出的結論；【事實重現（不是推理出來的）】

（2）看似從原文推斷出來的結論，然而實際上與原文不符；【偷梁換柱】

（3）雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據，但推理過頭、概括過度；【以偏概全】

（4）有部分選項的內容純屬編造。【無中生有】

三、詞義（組）猜測

1.考生應該緊扣原文，根據上下文的語境進行合理判斷，既不要望文生義，也不要斷章取義，更不能只

選擇自己認識或熟悉的意思。干擾項出現的錯誤選項一般多是學生比較熟悉、想當然的詞典意義，或者適

應學生習慣的漢語思維方式；而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的，而是要通過上下文內容的提示才能確定

的。

2.解這類題時應注意以下幾點：

（1）注意一些過渡詞語，如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等，它們直接引出了同義解釋；

（2）注意連接詞及被猜測的詞前后的因果、讓步、遞進、轉折、列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的

特殊功能。

（3）注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、定語從句，以及相似或相反的結構等。

（4）對于句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞，應該猜出可能是專有名詞（人名、地名、組織等），因此

拼讀有時是最合適的方法。

四、主旨（段落）大意題及標題歸納題

1.題型特點：解答這類題時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題（mainidea）、結

論（conclusion）、結局（ending）等有關問題時，需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識、背景知識、

生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。

2.解題技巧：

（1）看文章首尾和各段開頭找出主題句，或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨。

（2）通過分析篇章結構找出每一小段的主題句，然后通過尋找共同點，找出整個文章的主題句。

（3）標題歸納題型也屬于主旨大意題，文章的標題具有概括性的特點，故所選的標題應在最大程度上

覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內容，體現文章的主題，切忌所選標題以偏概全。

（4）這類題目需要對文章有整體性的把握，建議最后做。

［期末真題練

2020-2021學年廣東省廣州市越秀區七年級（下）期末英語試卷

三、閱讀（共兩節20小題，滿分30分）

第一節閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題8分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中。

A

Thereoncewasalittleboywhohadabadtemper（脾氣）.Hisfathergavehimabagofnails（車丁子）andtold

himthateverytimehelosthistemper,hemusthammeranailintothewall.

Thefirstdaytheboyknocked17nailsintothewall.Thenheknockedtwofewernewonesthenextday.Overthe

nextfewweeks,whenhelearnedtocontrolhisanger,thenumberofnailsheknockedintothewallreduced.Hefound

itwaseasiertoholdhistemperthantoknockthosenailsintothewall.

Intheend,thedaycamewhentheboydidn'tlosehistemperatall.Hetoldhisfatheraboutitandthefatherasked

theboytopulloutonenailforeachdaythathewasabletoholdhistemper.Thedayspassedandtheyoungboywas

atlastabletotellhisfatherthathepulledallthenailsout.Thefathertookhissonbythehandandledhimtothewall.

Hesaid,“Welldone,butlookattheholesinthewall.Thewallwillneverbethesame.Whenyousaythingsinanger,

youhurtapersonwithyourwords.Nomatterhowmanytimesyousaysorry,thehurtisstillthereinhisheart.

Thelittleboythenunderstoodhowpowerfulhiswordswere.Helookedupathisfatherandsaid,amreally

sorryfortheholesIputinyouandothers.

41.Theunderlinedword"reduced“inParagraph2meansgetting.

A.betterB.worseC.largerD.smaller

42.Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodowhenhelosthistemper?

A.Tostopbeingangryatonce.B.Toknockanailintothewall.

C.Tolookattheholesinthewall.D.Topullanailoutfromthewall.

43.Howmanytimesdidtheboylosehistemperonthesecondday?

A.2.B.15.C.17.D.19.

44.Accordingtothestory,wecantellthatthefatheris.

A.smartB.strictC.proudD.polite

45.Whatdoesthestorywanttotellus?

A.Nailsareveryusefulforcontrollingone'stemper.

B.Knockingnailsandpullingnailsouttakealongtime.

C.SayingthingsinangerisHkeknockingnailsintoothers'heart.

D.Knockingnailsaremoredifficultthancontrollingone'stemper.

【答案】41.A42.B43.B44.A45.C

B

,,

Itisoftensaidthatdogsare"man'sbestfriends,ButforsomechildreninChina,thisideahasdeepermeanings.

WuQi,adogtrainerinShanghai,startedthePawforHeal(PFH)programinChinaabouteightyearsago.The

programtrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.Theseanimalshelpelderlypeoplefeelrelaxed.Theyalsohelppeople

withmental(精神的)illnesses.

InShanghai,thedogshavebeentrainedtohelpkidswithautism(自閉癥).Theyareeasilyscaredbytheir

environments.ButwhenthePFHdogsarearound,theyfeelmuchsafer.

Petownerscantraintheirpetstobepartoftheprogram.Althoughthistrainingisdifficult(only20%ofdogsend

uppassingtheprogram),italsohelpsalotofpeople.

“She(mydog)makesmehappyeveryday,andIthinkshecanbringhappinesstootherpeopleinneedaswell,“

petownerWangRuisaidinareport.

TheprogramisnewtoChina,butWuhashighhopesforthefuture,asheisnowworkingtogetherwitha

Scottishuniversitytoimprovehisprogram."'ThroughlearningfromtheEuropeanteam,Chinamayshortenthetime

tocatchupwithothercountriesinthisfield.^^

46.WhatdoesthePFHprogramdo?

A.Ithelpssickdogs.B.Ittrainspetowners.

C.Ittrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.D.Ittakescareofoldpeopleandchildren.

47.Accordingtothepassage,whocangethelpfromthePFHprogram?

A.Adogtrainer.B.Adoglover.C.Agirlwithautism.D.Aladywholostherwallet.

48.Fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthePFHprogram?

A.Petownershavetogiveuptheirdogs.B.Dogscanpassitstrainingprogrameasily.

C.Dogscanbeclevereraftergettingtraining.D.Itisanewandgrowingprograminourcountry.

49.WhatdoesWuQithinkofthefutureofthePFHprogram?

A.Ithasnowaytogo.B.Ithasabrightfuture.

C.Itfacesalotofdifficulties.D.Itneedsmorepeoplejoiningin.

50.Whafsthebesttitleofthearticle?

A.FriendlyDogs.B.DogsSavingPeople.C.DogsCheeringYouup.D.DogsTraining.

【答案】46.C47.C48.D49.B50.C

C

Lifeislikeacompetition.Allpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Some

kidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismeansthereare“winners"and"losers”,andlotsof

peoplearenotwinnersorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloser.

Beinga"good"winner

Noonelikesapersonwhoalwaystellsotherswhatheisgoodat.

Noonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraise（贊揚）fortheeffortsofateam.

Noonelikesthemanwhoalwaysputsothersdowntomakehimselflookgood.

Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:

?Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.

?Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.

?Thinkaboutwhatyoushoulddonext.

Beinganevenbetterloser

Ofcourse,it'ssadtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Beingangryorimpolitetootherswon'tchangethe

finalresultandwillonlymakeyoulookworse.Andnoonelikesit

Tobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:

?Bepolite,niceandkind.

?Congratulatetheotherteam.

?Keepanynegative（消極的）thoughttoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.

IfsOKtoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon'tdoverywellina

game,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.

51.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinparagraph1?

A.Itisimportanttowin.B.Youareawinnerorloser.

C.Beingslowmeansyouarealoser.D.Winningorlosingisnottheendofagame.

52.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwedoafterwiningandlosing?

A.Saythankyoutoothers.B.Trytoimproveourselves.

C.Bepolitetotheotherteam.D.Keepnegativethoughtstoourselves.

53.Whichofthefollowingwillthewritermostprobablyagreewith?

A.Agoodlosermakesagoodwinner.

B.Winningwon'tcometousifwedon'tgotoit.

C.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowantstowin.

D.Winningstartswithpracticeandlosingendswithit.

54.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tohelppeoplewintheircompetition.

B.Totellpeopletheimportanceofwinningandlosing.

C.Toaskpeopletofacewinningorlosinginarightway.

D.Toletpeopleunderstandthemeaningofwinningandlosing.

55.Wherecanwefindthisarticle?

A.Inanovel.B.Inastorybook.C.Inamagazine.D.Inasafetybook.

【答案】51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C

2020-2021學年廣東省廣州市海珠區七年級（下）期末英語試卷

三、閱讀（共兩節，滿分27分）

第一節閱讀理解（共11小題；每小題2分，滿分22分）

閱讀下列短文，從26?36各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

（A）

ThinkofChinaandyou511probablythinkofhugecities.Butthecountryisalsohometoseveralcharmingsmall

places.Lefsexploresomeofthem.

Tongli

TongliisoneofJiangsu'scharmingwatertowns.Surroundedbyfivelakes,Tongliismadeupofsevenislands

with49bridgestogether.Sitonagondolaandseetheprettytownfromthewater,butmakesuretostopoffattheTuisi

YuantoenjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.ThesewereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000.

Yangshuo

Yangshuoisatourist-friendlytownonthebanksoftheLiRiverinGuangxi.Itsmodernrestaurantsandstores

aremostlyinWestStreet,anditsoldestbuildingismorethan1,400yearsold.Amongthem,visitorswillfindplenty

oftraditionalbuildingsandplaces.EnjoysomeslowtravelandcatchaboatdowntheLiRiverfromGuilin.Ifssurely

themostenjoyablewaytoarriveinYangshuo.

GulangyuIsland

AsasmallislandnearXiamen,GulangyuisfamousforitsbeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.HometoChina's

onlyPianoMuseum,thetown'sothermust-seelocalsightsincludethebeautifulShuzhuangGarden.Atthesametime,

youcanclimbupSunlightRockandenjoytheviewsoverthewholeisland.

Hongcun

Hongcun,anancientAnhuivillage,liesinthefoothillsofHuangshanMountain.ItishometosomeofChina's

finestbuildingsoftheMingandQingDynasties,andtheOscar-winningfilmCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonwas

oncefilmedinthevillage.ThevillagewithneighboringXidi,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2000.

ThelocalsightsincludeChengziHall,alargehomebuiltin1855,andnowactsasamuseum,whichisopento

visitors.

26.Howmanycharmingplacesarementionedinthispassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Two.D.One.

27.PeoplecanenjoythescenesofintheOscar-winningfilm.

A.GulangyuIslandB.TongliC.YangshuoD.Hongcun

28.WhichofthefollowingplacesareaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000?

A.HongcunandTongli.B.YangshuoandTongli.

C.GulangyuIslandandYangshuo.D.GulangyuIslandandTongli.

29.WhatcanyoudoifyouvisitGulangyuIsland?

①VisitPianoMuseum.

②VisitChengziHall.

③HaveamealinWestStreet.

④EnjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.

⑤EnjoythebeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.

⑥EnjoytheviewsoverthewholeislandonSunlightRock.

A.①③⑥B.②④⑤C.①③⑤D.①⑤⑥

【答案】26.B27.D28.A29.D

(B)

Treesproduceoxygenforalllivingthings.Treeshelptocleantheair,soilandwater,makingtheEartha

beautifullivableplace.Ifstimetosavetreesandprotectforests.

Savingtreesaroundyou

Everytownandcityhaslawsaboutprotectingtrees,andtellpeoplewhichtreespeciesneedprotectingandwhen

andhowit'sOKtocutdowntrees.Insomeareas,rareorverybeneficialtreesareprotectedbylaw.Knowingthelaws

inyourareawillhelpyoubetterprotectthetreesthere.

Takepartintreeplantation

Asimportantasitistoprotectgrown-uptrees,it'salsonecessarytothinkaheadandplantnewtrees.Theywill

finallygettallenoughtocleantheairandhelpkeeptemperaturescool.Manytownsandcitieshaveorganizations

workingtoplanttrees.

Ifyourtownorcitydoesn'thaveanorganizationlikethat,whynotstartoneyourself?Treebytree,youcan

makeadifference.

Reducepaperuse

Ifsimportanttostartseeingtheconnectionbetweenthetreesyouloveandtheproductsyouuse.Ifyou'recrazy

aboutsavingtrees,lookforwaystousefewerpaperproductsinyourdailylife:

?Useclothtowelsinsteadofpapertowels.Ifsasimplechangethatcanreducealotofunnecessarywaste.

?Usereusablecontainersinsteadofpaperlunchbags.

?Ifyoumustuseapaperproduct,alwaysbuytherecycledone.Choosethepaperlesswaysforbills.Thissimple

changewillmakeyourlifebetterandreducethenumberofdeadtrees.

30Whatdoestheunderlineword"They"inparagraph3refertointhepassage?

A.Grown-uptrees.B.Raretrees.C.Verybeneficialtrees.D.Newtrees.

31.Whatisthecorrectwaytosavetrees?

A.Choosingpaperbills.B.Usingrecycledpaperproducts.

C.Nevercuttingdowntrees.D.Usingpaperlunchbags.

32.Inwhichsectionofnewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?

A.EnvironmentB.EducationC.FashionD.Travel

33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toaskpeopletosavetrees.B.Toaskpeopletoplantmoretrees.

C.Toaskpeoplenottocutdowntrees.D.Toaskpeopletousefewerpaperproducts.

【答案】30.D31.B32.A33.A

(C)

ChinesescientistYuanLongping,widelyknownfordevelopingthefirsthybridricestrain（雜交水稻品種）,died

ofillnessonSaturday,May22,2021.

ThetopricescientistinChinapassedawayinahospitalinChangsha,capitalofHunanProvince,atabout1p.m.,

accordingtothenewsreport.

Havingspentoverfiftyyearsinhybridriceresearch,YuanLongpinghashelpedChinaworkagreat

wonder-feedingnearlyone-fifthoftheworld'spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld'stotalland.

BominBeijingin1930,Yuansucceededingrowingtheworld'sfirsthybridricestrainin1973.Itwaslater

grownonalargescaleinChinaandothercountriestogreatlyincreaseproduction,anditpulledcountlesspeopleout

ofhunger.

Forthenextfortyyears,hecontinuedtoresearchandupgradehybridrice,whichhasreacheditsthirdgeneration.

Untilearlythisyear,hehadbeendoingresearchinHainan.

Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams一to"enjoythecoolunderth