PAGEPAGE11.那些能促進新知識和新技能發展的工作——不管這種發展是通過行業專門培訓,還是對溝通技能、領導技能和管理技能的培養——都能夠使學生展示他們的潛能,以及擁有一個更有產出性和更加令人滿意的事業.Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeandskills--whether

intheformof

(1.以……的形式)industry-specifictraining

(2.行業專門培訓)orthedevelopmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallowgraduatesto

manifest(3.展示)theirpotentialandhaveamore

productive

(4.更有產生性)andsatisfyingcareer.

1-intheformof

詞典釋義：form2.N-COUNT

可數名詞

(存在的)形態,形式

Whensomethingcanexistor

happeninseveralpossibleways,youcanuse

form

torefertoone

particularwayinwhichitexistsorhappens.

【搭配模式】：withsupp?Valleysoftentakethe

form

of

deepcanyons...山谷經常以深峽谷的形態存在.?Theyreceivedabenefitinthe

form

of

ataxreduction...他們獲得了減稅優惠.?Initspresent

form,

thelawcouldleadtonewinjustices.以其目前的形式而言,這項法規可能會帶來新的不公.

inthe

formofsth?Peopleare

bombardedwithinformationintheformofTVadvertising.電視廣告信息對著人們狂轟濫炸.?VitaminCcanbe

takenincapsuleortabletform.維生素C有膠囊和片劑兩種形式可以服用.?Atypicaltraining

programmetakestheformofaseriesofworkshops.一般的培訓計劃都采用舉辦系列講座的形式.

外刊例句：Theessentialproductofinsurance—protection,usually

intheformof

money,whenthingsgo

wrong—hasfewobvioussubstitutes.

()在事情出錯時提供保護(通常以金錢形式)是保險業的核心產物,且甚少顯而易見的替代品.

2-industry-specifictrainingspecific可以跟在n后面構成形容詞性的合成詞"n-specific”,表示"專為n(服務)的”.

詞典釋義：industry['?n.d?.stri]

noun

TYPEOFWORK

行業

ESSENTIAL

countable

■thepeopleandactivitiesinvolvedinonetypeof

business

行業?thegas/electricity

industry燃氣業／電力工業?thetourist

industry旅游業?manufacturing

industries制造業?Thecomputer

industry

hasbeenbooming.電腦行業已經日益蓬勃起來了.

specific3.ADJ

形容詞

特有的;獨特的;只與…有關的

Somethingthatis

specific

to

aparticularthingisconnectedwiththat

thingonly.

【搭配模式】：usuv-linkADJton?Sendyourresumewithacoverletterthatis

specific

tothatparticularjob.寄出你的簡歷并附上一份針對那個特定工作崗位的附函.

Specific

isalsousedafternouns.

(亦用在名詞后)?Moststudiesoftradehavebeencountry-specific.有關貿易的多數研究都是針對某個具體國家的.

?...ajob-specific

course.崗位課程

外刊例句：Thepostgraduateandpost-experiencedegreehasdiversified

overthepastfewyearstooffer

industry

specifictraining

foraccountants,public-sectorworkers,lawyersand

evenfootballers.

()研究生課程和具專業知識繼續教育課程在過去幾年已花樣百出,給會計、國營部門工作者、律師,甚至是足球員等職業提供專門的職業培訓.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

special

industrialtraining點評：沒有industrial

training的說法,此外,special含義是"特殊的”,不符合原句的意思.

3-manifest

詞典釋義：manifest['m?n.?.fest]

formal

verb

transitive

LISTOFPEOPLE

■toshowsomethingclearly,throughsignsoractions

顯示;表現;表明?Theworkerschoseto

manifest

theirdissatisfaction

in

aseriesofstrikes.工人決定藉一連串罷工來表達他們的不滿.?Theillnessfirst

manifested

itself

in/as

severestomachpains.這種疾病最初表現為嚴重的胃痛.?Lackofconfidenceinthecompany

manifested

itself

in

afallintheshareprice.人們對公司缺乏信心,股價下跌正好顯示此情況.

外刊例句：TheECHRdrewonArticle9oftheEuropeanConventionon

HumanRightswhichassertstheindividual'srightto

manifest

areligion.

()歐盟人權委員會緩引了歐洲人權宣言的第九條條約,該條約聲明了,每個人都有權展示自己的信仰.

替換表達：display/demonstrate/show

4-moreproductive

詞典釋義：productive

[pr?'d?k.t?v]

adjective

IMPROVER

■havingpositiveresults

富有成效的

?Wehadavery

productive

meeting-Ifeltwesorted

outalotofproblems.我們開了一個極有成效的會議——我覺得我們解決了很多問題.?Theirswasavery

productive

partnership.他們之間的合作很有成效.

外刊例句：Heisnotaloneinsayingthatcompanieswouldinvestin

newequipmentandbe

moreproductive

ifonlytherewashigherdemandforBritishgoodsandservicesfromits

domesticbusinesses,consumersandtheinternationalcommunity.

()并不只有他認為：除非英國的國內公司和顧客及其他國家都對英國商品和服務有著更大需求,否則公司投入更多到新設備也難以更具生產性.

Q：willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialand

haveamoreproductiveandsatisfyingcareer.這里前面是their

potential,后面是havea...career,為什么后面用單數?A：這里acareer是泛指"職業”,含義等同于careers,haveaproductiveandsatisfyingcareer泛指"有一個高產出和令人滿意的職業”.

Q：老師,"促進新知識和新技能發展”,我用了boostthedevelopmentofnew

knowledgeandskills.boost可以用在這里表促進嗎?如果用boost是不是要把development去掉呀?我看到字典上說的boost的意思本身就是furtherthedevelopmentof

sth.謝謝老師!A：boostthedevelopment這一用法沒問題,《經濟學人》中有這樣的句子：Thegovernmenthopesthat,asinChina,SEZswill

boostthedevelopment

of

infrastructureandmanufacturing.

Jobsthatpromotethedevelopmentofnewknowledgeand

skills--whetherintheformofindustry-specifictrainingorthe

developmentofcommunication,leadershipandmanagementskills--willallow

graduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamoreproductiveand

satisfyingcareer.

[分析]本句的主干是Jobs…willallowgraduatestomanifesttheirpotentialandhaveamore

productiveandsatisfyingcareer.其中,主語部分是Jobs及修飾它的that定語從句,直到第二個破折號結束,在這個定語從句中還包含了一個由whether…or…引導的讓步狀語從句(兩個破折號之內).謂語是willallow,賓語是graduates,其后的兩個動詞不定式共同作賓語補足語.

2.為了最大限度地提升成功的機會,求職者應該使用他們手頭可用的所有工具,特別是互聯網.通過上網尋找求職信息,求職人員可以節省時間,獲取最新信息,以及擴大他們找工作的范圍.To

maximizetheirchancesof

(1.最大限度提升他們……的機會)success,jobseekersshoulduseallthetools

attheirdisposal(2.手頭可用的,可供支配的),especiallytheInternet.Byseekingemploymentonline,job-hunterscansavetime,

stayup-to-date(3.獲取最新信息),andincreasetheirreach.

1-maximizetheirchancesof

詞典釋義：maximize

●○○○○inBRIT,alsouse英國英語亦用

maximise1.VERB

動詞

使增加至最大限度;充分利用(或重視)

Ifyou

maximize

something,youmakeitasgreatinamountorimportanceasyou

can.

【語法信息】：Vn?Inorderto

maximize

profitthefirmwouldseekto

maximize

output...為了獲得最大利潤,這家公司會把產量增至最大.

?Theywerelookingforsuitablewaysofmaximisingtheir

electoralsupport.他們正在尋找合適的途徑來最大限度地獲得選民的支持.

外刊例句：ItperhapsexplainsthatwhileWaleshavebeentalking

abouttheneedtobreakintothetopfouroftheworldrankingsbeforeMay’s

WorldCupdrawto

maximizetheir

chancesof

escapinganotherdifficultpool,theWallabiessaiditwasnot

somethingtheyhadthoughtabout,concernedonlyaboutendingapooryearon

ahighernote.

()這也許可以解析,為何在威爾士大談球隊需要在5月份的世界杯之前沖到世界前四,以盡可能避免分到"死亡小組”時,澳洲橄欖球國家隊會說,他們沒想過這事,只是想著以盡可能高的排名結束這糟糕的一年.

替換表達：maximizetheiropportunityfor

學生錯誤表達：(1)

improvethe

chanceof...totheutmostextent點評：表達過于冗長,可以改為maximize

theirchancesof

2-attheirdisposal

詞典釋義：disposalUK

[d?'sp??.z?l]

US

[-'spo?-]

noun

uncountable

ADVANCED

■whenyougetridofsomething,especiallybythrowingit

away

清除;處理;拋棄?waste

disposal廢物處理?the

disposal

ofhazardoussubstances危險物質的處理

atsb'sdisposal

formal

■availabletobeusedbysomeone

可供(某人)使用?IwouldtakeyouifIcould,butIdon'thaveacaratmy

disposal

thisweek.我會盡可能帶你去,但是這周我沒汽車可用.?Havingsoldthehouseshehadalargesumofmoneyather

disposal

(=tospendasshewanted).賣掉房子后,她手頭有一大筆錢可用.

外刊例句：ManyparentsinAmericaareeitherignorantofthetools

attheirdisposal

ortoobusyorlazy

tousethem.

()許多美國父母要么就是對手上的工具置之不理,要么就是因為太忙或者太懶了而不用.

替換表達：

at/on/inhand

3-stayup-to-date這里stay是系動詞.

詞典釋義：stay

●●●●●3.V-LINK

連系動詞

保持;維持

Ifsomeoneorsomething

stays

inaparticularstateorsituation,theycontinuetobeinit.

【語法信息】：Vadv/prep

【語法信息】：Vadj

【語法信息】：AlsoVn?TheRepublicancandidatesaidhewould'worklikecrazyto

stay

ahead'.共和黨候選人說他將"拼命保持領先優勢”.?...communitycarenetworksthatofferclassesonhowto

stay

healthy...開設養生課程的社區保健網絡

?Nothing

staysthesameforlong.任何事情都不會長期保持不變.

up-to-date

[??p.t?'de?t]

adjective

ADVANCED

■modern,recent,orcontainingthelatestinformation

現代的;最近的;包含最新資訊的?Greattroubleistakentokeepourdatabase

up-to-date.我們花了很大力氣不斷更新資料庫.

外刊例句：ThecompanyalsoworkswiththeSwedishdefenceministryon

variousdigital-imagingproductsinorderto

stayup-to-date.

()這家公司也與瑞典國防部有合作,幫助更新他們的各種數碼成像產品.

替換表達：keepup-to-date/getthelatestinformation

Q：查到up-to-date是做形容詞表示的.在這里

stayup-to-date是語法有錯誤嗎?這里修飾誰呢?應該是拆開嗎?A：stay在這里是連系動詞,后面可以接形容詞,例如stay

healthy/stayawake/stayhungry,stayfoolish,stay

up-to-date也是同樣的道理.

3.那些能上網的求職者隨時能夠接觸到上百份甚至上千份工作信息.這些職位中很多都是在網絡上獨家發布,或者在其他地方很難搜尋到.Job-hunterswhoareconnectedtotheInternethaveaccesstohundredsoreventhousandsofjobs

attheirfingertips(1.隨時可供使用的).Manyofthesepositionsare

postedexclusively

(2.在網上獨家發布)onlineorwouldbedifficultto

trackdown

(3.搜尋到)elsewhere.

1-attheirfingertips

詞典釋義：fingertipUK

['f??.g?.t?p]

US

[-g?-]

noun

countable

■theendofafinger

指尖

?Useyour

fingertips

togentlyflattenthepastry.用指尖輕輕地把油酥面團弄平.

UK

['f??.g?.t?p]

US

[-g?-]

noun

countable

atyourfingertips

■Ifyouhavesomethingatyourfingertips,youcangetit

anduseitveryeasily

近在手邊;很容易得到;隨時可供使用

?Hehasallthelateststatisticsathis

fingertips.他手頭上有所有最新的統計值.

外刊例句：Inthepasttheywouldhavewrittensomethingdownona

pieceofpaperforapatientorcarer.Nowtheyhavethewholeworld

attheirfingertips.()他們在過去會用紙把病人的情況記錄下來,而現在他們手上擁有著全部信息.

替換表達：readilyavailable

2-arepostedexclusively

詞典釋義：post6.VERB

動詞

發布,公布(信息)

Ifyou

post

informationonthe

Internet,youmaketheinformationavailabletootherpeopleontheInternet.

【語法信息】：beV-ed

【FIELD標簽】：COMPUTING計算機?Aconsultationpaperhasbeen

posted

ontheInternetinvitinginputfromNetusers.一份征詢意見書已貼在了因特網上,歡迎網絡用戶發表意見.

exclusive3.ADJ

形容詞

(新聞報道)獨家的

Ifanewspaper,magazine,orbroadcasting

organizationdescribesoneofitsreportsas

exclusive,theymeanthat

itisaspecialreportwhichdoesnotappearinanyotherpublicationoron

anyotherchannel.

【搭配模式】：usuADJn?Hetoldthemagazineinan

exclusive

interview：'Allmyproblemsstemfromdrink'.他在接受一家雜志社的獨家采訪時說："我所有的問題都是飲酒造成的.”An

exclusive

isanexclusivearticleorreport.

獨家報道;獨家文章?Somepapersthoughttheyhadan

exclusive.一些報紙認為自己是獨家報道.

外刊例句：Executivessaytheywillbelookingfor"enthusiastic

andenergetic"crew-memberswhowanttotakepartin"demolishing

oneofthemostcontroversialconstructionsofthe20thcentury".All

jobpositionswill

beposted

exclusively

onwww.hotrecruit.co.uk.

()該管理負責人稱,他們會一直尋求致力于"拆毀這20世紀最具爭議性建筑群”的熱心員工.而所以的工作崗位信息都將刊登于www.hotrecruit.co.uk上.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

exclusive

release／issue點評：exclusive是形容詞,這里要改為副詞才能修飾動詞,此外,issue一般指"發布(聲明、命令);正式發行(郵票、股票等)”,用在語境中不合適.這里可以改為areposted/releasedexclusively

3-trackdown

詞典釋義：trackdown

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

追蹤到;追查到;搜尋到

Ifyou

trackdown

someoneorsomething,youfindthem,orfindinformationabout

them,afteradifficultorlongsearch.

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：VnP?Shehadspentyearstryingto

trackdown

herparents...她已經花了好多年時間試圖追尋父母的下落.

?Idon'tknowwherethatoldstorycamefrom,I'venever

beenabletotrackitdown.我不知道這則舊傳聞的出處,我從來沒能考證出結果.

外刊例句：InthefirstsuchstudyinBrazil,100census-takersfrom

FIPE,aresearchcentre,triedto

track

down

everyhomelesspersonwithinthecityboundary.()在巴西進行的最早實驗里,100多名來自FIPE研究中心的調查員竭盡全力搜尋于該城市邊界游蕩的無家可歸者.

替換表達：find/digup/huntdown

Q：請問魏老師,句子什么時候用may,could,would可以像例句一樣用來調整句子的語氣,謝謝A：句子中wouldbedifficulttotrackdown,其中用would來更加客氣地表明觀點,這一點可以參考下面劍橋詞典的解釋：

[w?d]

[w?d]

[?d]

modalverb

OPINION

觀點

ESSENTIAL

(also

'd)

■usedtoexpressanopinioninapolitewaywithout

beingforceful

(用于禮貌地表明觀點)?I

would

imagineweneedtospeaktotheheadteacherabout

thisfirst.我猜想我們需要先去問問校長有關這件事的意見.?It'snotwhatwe

would

have

expectedfroma

professionalservice.這可不是我們期望從一所專業服務機構得到的服務.

關于may/could/would這幾個情態動詞更加詳細的用法,可以參考張滿勝的《英語語法新思維》的中級教程.

4.盡管看起來,擁有更加強大的財政資源的大型企業與他們的小同行相比能夠提供更好的工作穩定性,但事實并非總是如此.如今,大公司通常在經濟危機初期就開始裁員,甚至能一次就解雇上千名員工.Althoughitmayseemthatlargeorganisations,equippedwithstrongerfinancialresources,wouldbeabletoprovidebetterjobstabilitythantheirsmaller

counterparts(1.同行),

thisisnotalwaysthecase(2.事實并非總是如此).Nowadays,large-scalefirmsoften

downsize

(3.裁員,緊縮編制)atthefirstsignofeconomictroubleandmayeven

layoff

(4.解雇)thousandsofemployeesatonce.

1-counterparts

詞典釋義：counterpart

●●●○○1.N-COUNT

可數名詞

職能(或地位)相當的人;對應的事物

Someone'sorsomething's

counterpart

isanotherperson

orthingthathasasimilarfunctionorpositioninadifferentplace.

【搭配模式】：withsupp?TheForeignSecretarytelephonedhisItalian

counterpart

toprotest.外交部長致電意大利外長表示抗議.

?TheFinnishorganizationwasverydifferentfromthatof

its

counterpartsintherestoftheNordicregion.芬蘭的這一機構和北歐其他國家的同類機構迥然不同.

外刊例句：Inventurecapital,thelargerfundsofthe1990stendedto

performbetterthantheirsmaller

counterparts

inthe1980s.

()在風險投資行業里,上世紀90年代的大型基金要比那些80年代比他們小的基金做得好.

替換表達：thansmallercompaniesintheirtrade

學生錯誤表達：(1)

peers點評：peer是指"同齡人”,而原句要求我們表達"同行業的公司”,因此不能用peers(2)

fellows點評：fellow同樣是指人,例如：Wooderson'scourageearnedhimtherespectofhisfellows.伍德森的勇氣贏得了同事的尊敬.它不能用來指公司.

2-thisisnotalwaysthecase

詞典釋義：be(not)the

case17.PHRASE

短語

是這樣;是這種情況

Ifyousaythatsomething

isthecase,youmeanthat

itistrueorcorrect.

【搭配模式】：Vinflects?You'llprobablynoticeherhavingdifficultyswallowing.

Ifthisisthe

case,giveherplentyofliquids...你可能會注意到她吞咽有困難.要是這樣的話,讓她多吃流食.?Consumershadhopedthehigherpriceswouldmeanmore

goodsinstores.Butthatwasnotthe

case.消費者本來以為,物價上漲了,店里的商品會增多;但是情況并非如此.

外刊例句：TheBritishdebateaboutEuropehaslongbeenweakenedbya

tendencyofpro-Europeanstoavoidgrandargumentsandtoconcentrateon

practicaladvantages.

Thiswasnot

alwaysthecase.

()挺歐風氣一直削弱著英國人關于歐盟的討論,使其避免了激烈爭論,只談實際好處.然而,事實并非總是如此.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

theactualis

notalwayslikethis點評：actual是形容詞,這里應該改為名詞actuality

3-downsize

詞典釋義：downsize['da?n.sa?z]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

■Ifyoudownsizeacompanyororganization,youmakeit

smallerbyreducingthenumberofpeopleworkingforit,andifitdownsizes,

itbecomessmallerinthisway

(使)減員,(使)(公司或組織)瘦身

?to

downsize

yourworkforce/company減少你的勞動力人數／實行公司減員?TheplightoftheAsianeconomyisforcingbusinessesto

downsize.亞洲經濟所處的困境正迫使企業進行裁員.

外刊例句：Thisdramatic

downsizing

isjustthelatestchapterinKodak'stransitionfromitstraditional

businessoffilm-and-paperphotographytothatofthefilm-lessdigitalsort.

()柯達意圖從傳統的影像及圖像拍攝公司轉型為數碼攝影公司,而這次大規模裁員便是這次轉型的最新階段.

替換表達：cutbackonstaff/prunebacktheirworkforce/scaledowntheir

workforce/slimdown

學生錯誤表達：(1)

cutoverheads

點評：overheads是指企業的運營費用,例如：Wearehavingtocutourcoststoreduceoverheadsandremain

competitive.我們現在必須減少開支以降低營運費用,保持競爭力.Cutoverheads是指減少企業的運營費用,不是指裁員.

4-layoff

詞典釋義：layoff1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

Se