匯報人：xxx20xx-07-08英語情態動詞目錄CONTENTSBasicConceptsofModalVerbsDetailedexplanationofmodalverbclassificationExamplesofusageofvariousmodalverbsNegativeformsandmethodsofconstructinginterrogativesentencesCombiningModalVerbswithOtherGrammarPointsExamplesoftheapplicationofmodalverbsinpracticalscenarios01BasicConceptsofModalVerbsDefinitionModalverbsareauxiliaryverbsthatexpressnecessity,possibility,ability,obligation,permission,oradvice.FunctionModalverbshelptoexpressthespeaker'sattitude,judgment,orspeculationaboutanactionorstate.IntroductiontoDefinitionandFunctionCan/CouldExpressesability,possibility,orpermission.May/MightExpressespossibilityorpermission.MustExpressesobligationornecessity.Shall/ShouldExpressesobligation,necessity,oradvice.Will/WouldExpressesfutureactions,willingness,orhabitualactionsinthepast.OughttoExpressesobligationoradvicesimilartoshould.ListofCommonModalVerbs010203040506"Hecanspeakthreelanguagesfluently."AbilityPossibilityObligation"Itmayrainlatertoday.""Youmuststopwhenthetrafficlightisred."AnalysisofusagescenariosandcontextPermission"Youshouldeatmorevegetables."AdviceFutureactions"Iwillmeetyouattheairporttomorrow.""Youmayleavetheclassroomnow."AnalysisofusagescenariosandcontextHabitualactionsinthepast"Hewouldalwaysarriveearlyforwork."NoteModalverbsarefollowedbythebaseformoftheverb(infinitivewithout'to').Forexample,"Hecanswim"or"Sheshouldeatmorefruitsandvegetables."Additionally,modalverbshavenoinfinitive,participle,orgerundforms,andtheydonotchangetheirformtomatchthesubject(theyarenotconjugated).Analysisofusagescenariosandcontext02DetailedexplanationofmodalverbclassificationPossiblemodalverbsMightSimilarto'may'butoftenusedinconditionalsentencesortoexpressalessstrongpossibility.Forinstance,"Hemightetotheparty."CouldExpressesabilityinthepastorapossiblesituationinthepresentorfuture.Forexample,"WhenIwasyounger,Icouldrunveryfast."or"Wecouldgotothemoviestonight."MayExpressespossibilityorpermission.Forexample,"Youmaygonow."03020101WillExpressesfutureactions,decisions,orpromises.Forinstance,"Iwillmeetyouattheairport."WouldUsedtoexpresspasthabits,requests,orconditionalsituations.Forexample,"Hewouldalwaysarriveearlyforwork."or"Wouldyoumindclosingthewindow?"ShallPrimarilyusedinquestionstoofferorsuggestsomething.However,it'slessmonininformalcontexts.Forinstance,"Shallwegoforawalk?"Intentionalmodalverbs0203NecessarymodalverbsMustExpressesnecessityorobligation.Forexample,"Youmustfinishyourhomework."ShouldExpressesadvice,remendation,orobligation.Forinstance,"Youshouldeatmorevegetables."OughttoSimilarto'should'butmoreformal.It'susedtoexpressduty,correctness,ormoralobligation.Forexample,"Weoughttohelpthoseinneed."03ExamplesofusageofvariousmodalverbsExamplesofexpressiveabilitiesorpossibilitiesYoucouldhavedonebetterifyouhavetriedharderMayIborrowyourpen?(indicatingrequestforpermission)MightIsuggestanalternativeplan?(Expressingamoregentlerequestorsuggestion)IcanswimacrosstheriverYoumuststopwhenthetrafficlightisredStudentsshouldrespecttheirteachersItisnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguageintoday'sworldYououghttoapologizeforwhatyouhavedoneExampleofindicatingobligationornecessity2014ExamplesofSpeculationsandHypothesesItmayrainlaterHemighthaveguessedourappointmentCouldthisbethereasonforhisabsence?(RepresentingHypothesis)IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer0401020304NegativeformsandmethodsofconstructinginterrogativesentencesSummaryoftheChangesinNegativeForms010203Innegativesentences,modalverbsaretypicallyfollowedby"not"toformthenegative.Forexample,"Hecannote"or"Sheshouldnotgo."Thecontractionofthemodalverband"not"ismonlyusedininformalcontexts,suchas"can't"for"cannot"and"shouldn't"for"shouldnot."Whenformingnegativesentenceswithmodalverbs,thesubjectandverborderremainsthesameasinaffirmativesentences.SharingtechniquesforconstructinginterrogativesentencesToforminterrogativesentenceswithmodalverbs,themodalverbistypicallyplacedatthebeginningofthesentence,followedbythesubjectandthemainverb.Forexample,"Canyouhelpme?"or"Shouldwegonow?"01Inyes/noquestions,themodalverbfunctionsasthequestionword,andthesentencestructureremainsotherwiseunchangedfromaffirmativesentences.02Forwh-questions(suchas"what,""where,""when,"etc.),thewh-wordisplacedatthebeginningofthesentence,followedbythemodalverb,subject,andmainverb.Forexample,"WherecanIfindthenearestATM?"03It'simportanttonotethatmodalverbsdonotchangeformtoindicatepast,present,orfuturetime.Thecontextandotherverbsinthesentenceprovidethisinformation.Amonerroristouse"do"or"does"withmodalverbsininterrogativesentences.Modalverbsalreadyfunctionasquestionwordsininterrogativesentences,soadding"do"or"does"isunnecessaryandincorrect.Anothermonmistakeistoconfusethepositionofthemodalverbininterrogativesentences.Remembertoplacethemodalverbatthebeginningofthesentence,followedbythesubjectandmainverb.Notesanderrorpronetips05CombiningModalVerbswithOtherGrammarPointsThestrategyofbiningtenseswithusageModalverbscanbeusedinthepresenttensetoexpressvariousdegreesofcertainty,possibility,necessity,orobligation.Forexample,"Hemustbeathomenow"expressesastrongbeliefthatsomeoneiscurrentlyathome.PresenttenseWhenusedinthepasttense,modalverbscanindicatepastabilities,possibilities,orobligations.Forinstance,"Heshouldhavefinishedhishomework"suggestsanobligationinthepastthatmayormaynothavebeenfulfilled.PasttenseModalverbscanalsobeusedtoexpressfuturepossibilities,intentions,orpredictions.Forexample,"Iwillprobablygotothestorelater"indicatesafutureintentionorprediction.FuturetimeFormingthepassiveModalverbscanbeusedinthepassivevoicetoshowthenecessity,possibility,orobligationofanactionbeingperformedonanobject.Forinstance,"Theworkmustbepletedbytomorrow"emphasizesthenecessityoftheaction.EmphasizingthereceiverUsingmodalverbsinthepassivevoicecanhelpshiftthefocustothereceiveroftheaction,highlightingitsimportanceortheneedforattention.Forexample,"Thecarshouldbewashedregularly"emphasizestheimportanceofmaintainingthecar.ApplyingmethodsinpassivevoiceTechniquesforusingmodalverbsinsubjunctivemoodFormalandhypotheticallanguageThesubjunctivemoodwithmodalverbsisoftenusedinformalorhypotheticalcontexts,suchasacademicwritingorlegaldocuments.Ithelpstoconveyasenseofobjectivityanddistancefromthesubjectmatter.Forexample,"Itisessentialthatheshouldbepresentatthemeeting"usesthesubjunctivemoodtoemphasizetheimportanceofsomeone'spresence.ExpressingwishesorconditionsModalverbscanbeusedinthesubjunctivemoodtoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarecontrarytofact.Forinstance,"IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakethejob"expressesawishorhypothesisaboutadifferentsituation.06ExamplesoftheapplicationofmodalverbsinpracticalscenariosAbilityandpossibilityExpressionslike"Icanswim"or"Hecouldrunveryfast"indicateability,while"Itmightrainlater"suggestspossibility.TheuseofmodalverbsindailyconversationsPermissionandobligationSentenceslike"Youmaygonow"grantpermission,and"Youmustfinishyourhomework"expressobligation.AdviceandsuggestionsPhrasessuchas"Youshouldeatmorevegetables"or"Theyoughttoarriveearly"offeradviceorsuggestions.ModalverbexpressionsinbusinesssituationsNecessityandobligationintheworkplace"Youmustwearauniform"or"Employeesshouldarriveontime"municateworkplacerulesandexpectations.PossibilityanduncertaintyinbusinessdecisionsExpressionslike"Wecouldexpandourmarket